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1.
J. appl. oral sci ; 22(3): 185-193, May-Jun/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-711719

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible synergism between AGE-RAGE and TLR4 signaling and the role of p38 MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways on the modulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation of cells from the innate and adaptive immune response. Material and Methods: T lymphocyte (JM) and monocyte (U937) cell lines were stimulated with LPS and AGE-BSA independently and associated, both in the presence and absence of p38 MAPK and NF-kB inhibitors. Proliferation was assessed by direct counting and viability was assessed by a biochemical assay of mitochondrial function. Cytokine gene expression for RAGe, CCL3, CCR5, IL-6 and TNF-α was studied by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Results: RAGE mRNA expression was detected in both cell lines. LPS and AGE-BSA did not influence cell proliferation and viability of either cell line up to 72 hours. LPS and LPS associated with AGE induced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in monocytes and T cells, respectively. Conclusions: There is no synergistic effect between RAGE and TLR signaling on the expression of IL-6, TNF-α , RAGE, CCR5 and CCL3 by monocytes and lymphocytes. Activation of RAGE associated or not with TLR signaling also had no effect on cell proliferation and survival of these cell types. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Adaptive Immunity/immunology , Gene Expression/genetics , Immunity, Innate/immunology , NF-kappa B/genetics , Receptors, Immunologic/physiology , /genetics , /physiology , Adaptive Immunity/genetics , Apoptosis , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation , Cell Survival/physiology , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/immunology , Enzyme Assays , Immunity, Innate/genetics , NF-kappa B/immunology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Signal Transduction , Time Factors , /immunology
2.
Araraquara; s.n; 2012. 85 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867763

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus se caracteriza pelo acúmulo de produtos finais da glicação avançada (AGEs) que ativam seu receptor RAGE. Entre as complicações associadas ao diabetes está a modulação da resposta imune, evidenciada pela maior susceptibilidade à infecção em diabéticos. O sistema imune percebe e reaje aos microrganismos por meio de receptores de padrões moleculares (receptores semelhantes à Toll, TLRs). Lipopolissacarídeo da parede celular (LPS) é um dos principais fatores de virulência de microrganismos Gramnegativos e é reconhecido principalmente por TLR4. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a ativação de RAGE e TLR4 por seus ligantes pode resultar em efeito sinérgico na modulação da proliferação, morte celular e expressão de citocinas inflamatórias por células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC). Foram selecionados 7 indivíduos não diabéticos e 6 indivíduos portadores de diabetes tipo 2 para coleta de PBMCs. Estas células foram estimuladas com LPS bacteriano e BSA glicado, isoladamente e combinados, na presença e na ausência de inibidores dos receptores RAGE e TLR4. Proliferação e morte celular foram avaliadas por contagem direta em hemocitômetro e citometria de fluxo, respectivamente. A expressão de citocinas e quimiocinas inflamatórias foi avaliada por RT-qPCR, enquanto a modulação do padrão de resposta imune adaptativa foi estudada por meio de citometria de fluxo. Os resultados mostram que PBMCs de pacientes portadores de diabetes tendem a ser mais resistentes à indução de morte celular. De um modo geral, a inibição dos receptores RAGE e TLR4 não interfere na atividade metabólica e viabilidade celular em diabéticos e não diabéticos. A expressão gênica de CCL3 e CCR5 não foi regulada pelos receptores RAGE e TLR, sendo discretamente mais elevada em pacientes não diabéticos. A expressão de TNF-I e IL-10 foi regulada por TLR, enquanto a expressão de RAGE foi regulada de forma autócrina pela ativação do próprio RAGE. Observamos uma tendência para maior quantidade de linfócitos T auxiliares em pacientes portadores de diabetes, com desvio para um padrão de resposta Th1. Em geral, PBMCs de diabéticos parecem ser mais resistentes á morte celular e mais responsivas aos estímulos avaliados. Concluímos que não houve sinergismo entre RAGE e TLR na modulação da resposta de PBMC de indivíduos diabéticos e não diabéticos


Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the progressive accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which bind and activate their membrane-bound receptor (RAGE) on a variety of target cells. Modulation of the immune response is one of the diabetes-associated complications and is reflected on the increased susceptibility of diabetes patients to infections and sepsis. The immune system senses and reacts to microorganisms by pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor of Gram-negative microorganisms, which is recognized mainly by TLR4. The hypothesis of this study is that of a synergism between activated TLR4 and RAGE that modulates the response of cells of innate and adaptive immunity in the circulation (peripheral blood monocytic cells, PBMCs). PBMCs were collected from 13 volunteers (7 with type 2 diabetes and 6 systemically-healthy controls). The cells were stimulated with bacterial LPS and glycated bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA), both independently and in association. To study the role of TLR4 and RAGE signaling, these stimulations were performed in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors of RAGE and TLR4. We used direct counting in a hemocytometer and flow cytometry, respectively, to assess cell proliferation and death. The expression of selected cytokines and receptors was studied by RTqPCR, whereas the effect of these stimuli on the modulation of T helper-type response was determined by flow cytometry. We observed increased cell survival in PBMCs from diabetic patients. Inhibition of RAGE and TLR4 had no marked effect on cell proliferation, metabolic activity and survival. Gene expression of CCL3 (MIP-1alpha) and CCR5 was discretely higher in PBMCs from non-diabetic patients and was not affected by RAGE or TLR4 signaling. Expression of TNF-α and IL-10 was regulated by TLR, whereas RAGE gene expression was regulated in autocrine fashion by activation of the RAGE receptor. A greater proportion of CD4+ lymphocytes was observed in diabetic patients, which also showed a trend toward a shift to Th1-response. Overall, PBMC from diabetes patients were more resistant to apoptosis and less responsive to the TLR4 and RAGE ligands used. We conclude that there is no synergism between TLR4 and RAGE on the modulation of PBMC cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression


Subject(s)
Humans , In Vitro Techniques , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer , Toll-Like Receptors , Diabetes Mellitus , Glycation End Products, Advanced
3.
Periodontia ; 21(2): 36-44, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-642353

ABSTRACT

A possibilidade de patógenos respiratórios colonizarem o biofilme dentário e dessa forma servir como reservatório para infecções pulmonares é o embasamento teórico para se executar a descontaminação oral com a finalidade de se prevenir a ocorrência dessas doenças. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura foi avaliar o efeito da descontaminação oral com métodos químicos auxiliares na diminuição das taxas de infecções pulmonares nosocomiais. Os estudos avaliados foram realizados em instituições como casas de repouso e unidades de terapia intensiva em hospitais, pois, esses pacientes, representam um grupo que apresentam higiene oral de baixa qualidade em relação a indivíduos não-instituicionalizados, e, adicionalmente, esses indivíduos são altamente susceptíveis a pneumonia nosocomial. A intervenção avaliada foi o efeito da utilização de antissépticos ou antibióticos como método auxiliar ao controle mecânico de biofilme bacteriano. Alguns indícios demonstram uma tendência positiva da clorexidina e do iodo-povidine na redução da pneumonia nosocomial. Porém, mais estudos controlados, cegos e randomizados serão necessários para afirmar os efeitos benéficos da descontaminação oral na prevenção da pneumonia nosocomial bem como para se criar novos protocolos para essa finalidade


The possibility of respiratory pathogens colonize the dental biofilm and thus serve as a reservoir for pulmonary infections is the theoretical basis to perform oral decontamination with the purpose to prevent the occurrence of these diseases. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of oral decontamination with mouth washes or topic antibiotics on reduce the rates of nosocomial pulmonary infections. The Studies have been conducted in institutions like nursing homes and intensive care units in hospitals, because these patients represent agroup which presents low quality of oral hygiene in relation to non-institucionalized patients, and additionally, these individuals are highly susceptible to nosocomial pneumonia. The intervention assessed was the effects of antiseptics or antibiotics as an auxiliary method to mechanical control of oral biofilms. Some indicators demonstrated a positive trend of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in reducing nosocomial pneumonia. However, more blinded, randomized, controlled studies will be required to affirm the benefits of oral decontamination for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia and to create new protocols for this purpose


Subject(s)
Humans , Mouthwashes , Biofilms , Pneumonia, Aspiration
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