Tubal ectopic pregnancy after bilateral tubal ligation

Tubal sterilization is an increasingly common method of contraception. Although pregnancy after sterilization is uncommon, it can occur and may be ectopic. Surprisingly, failures are not limited to the first year or two, but continued to appear even after many years during follow-up. In this paper, we report a case of ectopic pregnancy in a patient who underwent bilateral tubal ligation seven years ago for contraception

Serum uric acid as predictor model for pre eclampsia

To determine that serum uric acid as a predictor in pre-eclampsia during pregnancy. To determine fetal and maternal outcome in pregnancy with hypertension. Case control study. Gyne Unit-2, Civil Hospital Karachi. Duration: 8 months [1st March 2008 to 30 October 2008]. 30-Cases of singleton primigravida with BP > 160/110 mmHg and 30-Cases of singleton primigravida with Normal BP 120/80 mmHg were studied at the time of delivery. Thirty Patients with pre-eclampsia taken along with thirty patients with normal BP, since higher proportion of un-booked woman in Pre-eclampsia group than normotensive group. Significantly low gestational age in Pre-eclampsia group mean is 34 weeks and 37 weeks for normotensive group. Mean age of marriage for both groups is 1-2 years in both groups. No difference in mean age in pre-eclampsia and normotensive group that may be due to duration of marriage and early marriage trend in our culture. History of hypertension is seen in 19 [63.3%] of patients. The average birth weight of patients with pre-eclampsia is 2.5 Kg and 3 Kg for normotensive group. Difference may be due to preterm delivery in pre-eclampsia. Apgar score low in pre-eclampsia group. Increase caesarean rate is 93.3% Vs 20% in pre-eclampsia and normotensive group. This difference is due to the fact the caesarean section is considered to be safest mode of delivery for pre-eclampsia group. Uric acid level > 0.45 mmol/1 was observed in 15 patients [50% of pre-eclampsia group] and 7 patients [23.3% of woman with normal blood pressure]. Maternal hyper uricemia is a strong predictor of maternal disease progression and fetal outcome. Thus it can be used as useful and inexpensive marker of predicting pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation in women presenting with gestational hypertension