Anethum graveolens seeds aqueous extract stimulates whole brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism and reduces feeding behavior and body weight in obese rats

The percentage of overweight and obese person has increased markedly since several decays. Obesity is associated with increased risked factor for many diseases such as, diabetes, heart complications, arthritis and certain types of cancer. Feeding behavior is in controlled by a major interaction between central nervous system and many organs of the body. The role of serotonin [5-HT] in feeding behavior is well recognized. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of Anethum graveolens seeds aqueous extract [AGAE] on food intake, body weight and serotonin metabolism in over weight rats. Five weeks oral administration of AGAE shows significant decrease in body weight, food intake and significant increase in whole brain 5-HT, 5-HIAA and tryptophan level in brain and plasma of experimental animals. Increased level of 5-HT induced satiety and suppressed food intake and result is the reduction in body weight

Neurochemical and behavioral effects of Cinnamomi cassia [Lauraceae] bark aqueous extract in obese rats

Obesity is a risk factor leading to a number of chronic and metabolic disorders. Obesity is the fifth leading cause of global deaths. At least 2.8 million adults are dying each year as being overweight or obese. Cinnamomi cassia is widely used traditional medicinal plant, used indigenously, to decrease glucose and cholesterol. 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine [5-HT; Serotonin] is an important neurotransmitter reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of anorexia. Present study was designed to investigate the neurochemical and behavioral effects of cinnamon bark aqueous extract [CBAE] in obese rats and to find the possible involvement of 5-HT in reducing the body weight in these experimental animals. CBAE was repeatedly administered orally in the test animals for 5 weeks. A decrease in the food intake along with a concomitant increase in brain 5-HT level was observed in rats administered with CBAE. Findings may help in extending therapeutics in the pathophysiology of obesity and related eating disorders. Decrease activities in behavioral models were also monitored in CBAE treated animals.

Hollow abdominal visceral injuries following minimally invasive gynecological procedure: a 16 year experience

To study the pattern of hollow abdominal visceral injuries during minimally invasive gynecological procedures. Retrospective, Descriptive Study. This study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital Karachi, Gulshan General Hospital Karachi, Star General Hospital Karachi and Al-Tibri Medical College Hospital from July 1997 to December 2013. All patients admitted to above mentioned hospitals for minimally invasive gynecological procedures electively or in emergency were included in the study. Total 3050 minimally invasive gynecological procedures were carried out in the above mentioned hospitals and 77 [2.5 %] patients had complications following the procedures. Mean age was 28 years ranged from 20-55 years. 40 % patients had history of previous gynaecological surgery.Abdominal visceral injuries included small bowel perforation 30 [38.96 %] patients, sigmoid colon perforation 20 [25.97%] patients. Both small bowel and sigmoid colonic perforation 08 [10.38%] patients, Caecal perforation 01 [1.29 %] patient and Urinary Bladder 01 [1.29%] patient. 52 % cases were diagnosed within two days of primary surgery and rest within 10 days. All gynecologists must be skilled, vigilant and careful while doing minimally invasive gynecological procedures that visceral injury should not happen or ready to deal if it happens accidentally

Anxiolytic and hyperlocomotive effects of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds in rats

Use of the herbal drugs increasing all over the world due to its minimum side effect. Nigella sativa black seeds used in folk medicine for the promotion of good health and for the treatment of many diseases

The present study is designed to investigate the neurochemical and behavioral effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds in rats

Neurochemical studies were performed for DA and DOPAC levels in whole rats' brain

Locomotive behavior was observed in novel environment and familiar environment. Elevated plus maze and light dark behavioral modules were used to monitor anxiety in rats

The oral administration of AENS for six weeks increased time spent in open arm of elevated plus maze and light compartment in light dark box. Increased locomotors activity in novel environment [open field] was noticed suggesting that increased in DA level may be related to increased locomotive activity in rats

Primary vaginal hydrocele; different surgical procedures: a comparative study

A hydrocele is a fluid - filled sac surrounding a testis that results in the swelling of scrotum. They can develop due to inflammation or injury within the scrotum. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adaptation of different surgical procedures in the repair of hydrocele.Comparative, Retrospective study .The study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital Karachi, Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi and Civil Hospital Karachi from January, 2000 to December, 2013. Patients with primary vaginal hydrocele registered during the period of thirteen years in the out patient department of surgery were selected. A total of 300 patients were assessed clinically, diagnostically and radiologically about the status of hydrocele before the surgical procedures and anesthetic opinion. The different surgical technique were carried out in different group of patients asJaboulay's technique in 70 patients, Lord's procedure in 70 patients, Aspiration and Sclerotherapy in 05 patients, Window operation technique in 05 patients and the Hydrocelectomy by supra pubic procedure were carried out in 150 patients out of total 300 registered patients. The data collected and analyzed statistically in SPSS version 19.00. The different procedures have been adopted surgically in patients with primary vaginal hydrocele. The results showed that among the different operative techniques adopted, the best procedure regarding hydrocelectomy is the supra pubic approach line of treatment. It showed better result and recovery with very minimum complications and side effects as compared to other surgical procedure. The data thus concluded that hydrocelectomy done via supra pubic approach in number of patients proved to be the best procedure because of having very little complications

Primary jejunal adenocarcinoma

Primary adenocarcinoma of small bowel is an infrequent neoplasm that presents with nonspecific symptoms. We report a case of 47 -year old man with adenocarcinoma of jejunum presenting with proximal small bowel obstruction, weight loss and abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography showed a mass involving the proximal jejunum causing partial obstruction. On exploration a mass arising from jejunum was found one foot distal to ligament of Treitz which was resected en-block. Histopathological examination revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of jejunum pT[3] N[o] M[x]. 5 - fluorouracil was administered as adjuvant chemotherapy

Pattern and presentation of carcinoma stomach

To determine the clinical profile of carcinoma stomach. A case series. A single unit of the Department of General Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences and civil Hospital, Karachi, from April 2006 to April 2010. Patients with gastric cancer confirmed on histopathology were included in the study. Patients diagnosed with acid peptic disease and benign gastric ulcer were excluded. Variables studied were, age, gender, mode of presentation, presenting complain, endoscopy findings, palpable supraclavicular lymph node, histopathology, stage and treatment. Data was analyzed for descriptive statistics. Total number of patients were 15, including 9 males [60%] and 6 females [40%]; male female ratio was 1.5:1. Mean age was 48.6 +/- 4.47 years, ranging from 26-65 years. Majority of the patients [n=9, 60%] were presented through outpatient department, while the rest presented through emergency. Common presenting complains were vague upper abdominal pain, mass, ascites, peritonitis and hematemesis. On endoscopy tumour was found at the cardiac end in 5 patients [33%], at pylorus and antrum in 6 patients [40%], linitis plastica in 2 patients [13.3%], only body and body and pylorus were involved in 1 patient [6.7%] each. Ten patients [66.6%] presented at stage IV and 3 patients [20%] in stage III. Surgical resection was possible in 5 patients [33.3%]. Total gastrectomy was performed in one patient [6.7%], while subtotal gastrectomy was undertaken in 4 patients [26.7%]. Palliative gastrojejunostomy was performed in 4 [26.7%] and feeding gastrostomy and endoscopic stenting in 2 patients [13.3%] each. Chemotherapy was given to 8 patients [53.3%] patients while radiotherapy to 2 patients [13.3%]. Histopathological diagnosis was diffuse infiltrating adenocarcinoma in 10 [66.6%], infiltrating intestinal type in 3 [20%] and gastric lymphoma in 2 [13.3%] patients. Morality was 13.3%. Majority of the patients with gastric carcinoma were young males, presenting with advanced stage disease. Only 33% tumours were resectable while 53.3% tumours were managed by palliative treatment. Overall morality was 13.3%

Effect of the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia on body weight of rats

Obesity is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue mass due to an imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure leading to increased body weight and clinical complications such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. These complications not only increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases but are also responsible of certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis. A number of weight reducing drug are available in market, however they produce some serious adverse effects. Momordica charantia is one of the widely used traditional medicinal plants for loss of weight but scientific study has been carried out for that purpose. In this study the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia fruit was orally administered to overweight rats to assess the effect of the extract on body weight of rats. Five weeks treatment not only showed significant decrease in body weight of rats but there was also significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol however there was increase in HDL-cholesterol levels in serum

Conformational analysis [geometry optimization] of nucleosidic antitumor antibiotic showdomycin by arguslab 4 software

Showdomycin is a naturally maleimide antitumor antibiotic of the C-nucleoside, it inhibits the nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria. Conformational analysis and geometry optimization of showdomycin was performed according to the Hartree-Fock [HF] calculation method by ArgusLab 4.0.1 software. The minimum potential energy is calculated by geometry convergence function by ArgusLab software. The most feasible position for the drug to interact with the receptor was found to be -0.269696 K.cal/mole

Computer aided conformational analysis of sulfonated azo dyes diammonium orange G [C 16H10N2O7S2] [NH4]. 4H2O

The present work describes the conformational analysis of diamomonium orange G [C16H10N2O7S2[NH4]. 4H2O] by using kitaigorodsky function. The minimum potential energy was found to be -0.0099839 at fc1=16o and fc 2=360o

Conformational analysis of [Pd [diethylenetriamine] [guanosine]] [CIO[4]][2]

[Pd [diethylenetriamine] [guanosine]][ClO4] 2 is used for the treatment of tumour. Potential energy calculations are performed to establish structure activity relationship of [Pd [diethylenetriamine] [guanosine]] [ClO4] 2. These calculations indicate that. the drug has allowed conformation in the region of 0 degree to 60 degree, 1600 to 240 degree and at 360 degree. The region of 80 degree to 140 degree and 260 degree to 340-degree rotation is not allowed. The most feasible position for the drug to interact with receptor would be at minimum potential energy in the regions from 0 degree to 60 degree, 160 degree to 240 degree and at 360 degree

Conformational analysis of 2-[alpha-D-lyxofuranosyl] maleimide

2-[alpha-D-Iyxofuranosyl] maleimide is one of the analogues of the alpha anomer of the antitumour antibiotic showdomycin. Conformation of 2-[alpha-D-lyxofuranosyl] maleimide on the basis of potential energy calculation is reported. These calculations indicate that the drug has allowed conformation in the region of omega = 0° to 20°, omega = 80° to 120° and at omega = 360°. The region of omega = 140°-340° is not allowed. The most feasible position for the drug to interact with receptor would be at minimum potential energy in the regions from omega = 0° to 20°, omega = 80° to 120° and at omega = omega = 360°