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1.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(10): 1370-1379, oct. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431853

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the tumor with the highest incidence among men and one of Chile's leading causes of death. AIM: To analyze temporal trends in prostate cancer mortality in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mortality rates in Chile for the period between 1955 and 2019 were calculated. The number of deaths was obtained from the national demographic yearbooks and the Ministery of Health mortality registries. Population estimates from the demographic center of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations were used. Chilean census population of 2017 was used as reference to calculate adjusted rates. Trends were analyzed using a join point regression. RESULTS: Crude mortality rates of prostatic cancer increased between 1995 and 2012 in three different phases, namely between 1955 and 1989 with a 2.7% annual increase, between 1989 and 1996 at a 6.8% annual rate, and between 1996 to 2012 with a 2.8% annual increase. From 2012 the rate remained stable. Adjusted mortality rates increased slowly at a 1.7% rate from 1955 to 1993, accelerating between 1993 and 1996, when they increased 12.1% per year. From 1996 onwards there was a significant decrease in mortality at a 1.2% annual rate. This decrease was significant and observed within all age groups but more importantly at older ages. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer mortality in Chile has decreased significantly during the last two decades, like that observed in developed nations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms , Chile/epidemiology , Incidence , Mortality , Latin America
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 82(3): 360-365, sept. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409947

ABSTRACT

Resumen La mononucleosis infecciosa (MI) es un cuadro clínico generalmente benigno y autolimitado en la infancia y adolescencia debido a la primoinfección del virus de Epstein-Barr caracterizado por la triada de faringitis, fiebre y adenopatías. El riesgo de complicaciones aumenta con la edad y la inmunosupresión, siendo las complicaciones letales más frecuentes las asociadas a rotura esplénica, alteraciones neurológicas y obstrucción de la vía aérea por el aumento del tamaño amigdalar. Los abscesos cervicales asociados a MI son poco frecuentes, siendo mayoritariamente periamigdalinos e intraamigdalares. Presentamos dos casos quirúrgicos de abscesos cervicales profundos de gran tamaño con afectación retrofaríngea y parafaríngea en adolescentes sanos de corta edad (14 y 15 años), sin ningún tipo de inmunosupresión o factores de riesgo, uno de ellos asociado además, a una relevante hemorragia amigdalar espontanea, condición no descrita previamente en la literatura en relación a MI en un paciente tan joven.


Abstract Infectious mononucleosis (MI) is a generally benign and self-limited condition in childhood and adolescence due to the primary EBV infection characterized by the triad of pharyngitis, fever, and lymphadenopathies. The risk of complications increases with age and immunosuppression. The most frequent fatal complications are those associated with splenic rupture, neurological alterations, and airway obstruction due to increased tonsillar size. Cervical abscesses associated with MI are rare, being mostly peritonsillar and intra-tonsil. We present two surgical cases of big deep cervical abscesses with retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal involvement in healthy very young adolescents (14 and 15 years old), without any type of immunosuppression or risk factors, one of them associated with a clinically relevant spontaneous tonsillar bleeding, which had not been described in the literature associated with MI in such young patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Peritonsillar Abscess/complications , Peritonsillar Abscess/therapy , Infectious Mononucleosis/complications , Infectious Mononucleosis/therapy , Pharyngitis/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Peritonsillar Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Fever/etiology , Hemorrhage/etiology , Infectious Mononucleosis/diagnostic imaging
3.
Rev. cuba. med ; 61(2): e2589, abr.-jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408998

ABSTRACT

Prescritos en la práctica clínica por su eficacia. En su inicio se utilizó para tratar la angina de pecho. hoy día es usado para el tratamiento de cualquier forma de taquicardia. Objetivo: Reconocer la prescripción de la Amiodarona y sus efectos adversos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión descriptiva en las bases de datos de Lilacs donde se encontraron 18 artículos y en PubMed/Medline (Mesh) 206 artículos, de los cuales se le aplicaron los criterios de inclusión a 51 artículos. Conclusiones: La amiodarona es uno de los antiarrítmicos más utilizados para el tratamiento de las arritmias, su variedad de efectos adversos y toxicidad es conocida, por tanto, los pacientes en tratamiento ameritan un minucioso monitoreo(AU)


Introduction: Amiodarone is one of the most prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs in clinical practice due to its efficacy. Initially it was used to treat angina pectoris, however, today it is used to treat any form of tachycardia. Objective: To identify the prescription of amiodarone and its adverse effects. Methods: A descriptive review was carried out in Lilacs databases where 18 articles were found and in PubMed/Medline (Mesh) 206 articles were retrieved. The inclusion criteria were applied to 51 articles. Conclusions: Amiodarone is one of the most widely used antiarrhythmic drugs for the treatment of arrhythmias, its variety of adverse effects and toxicity is known, therefore, patients undergoing treatment justify careful monitoring(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tachycardia/drug therapy , Tachycardia/epidemiology , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Angina Pectoris/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive
4.
CorSalud ; 13(1): 1-8, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345915

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Las características clínico-epidemiológicas en el diagnóstico, evolución y tratamiento de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio en la era COVID-19 dependen de varios factores. Objetivos: Precisar el comportamiento de algunas variables clínico-epidemiológicas en la atención y tratamiento de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio en el curso de la COVID-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional en cuatro hospitales de atención secundaria en Cuba. Se utilizaron las siguientes variables: número de ingresos por infartos, mortalidad hospitalaria, tiempo de demora mayor de 4 horas desde el inicio de los síntomas y la llegada a la primera asistencia médica y el porcentaje de trombólisis. Se definieron dos grupos, los ingresados entre el 1 de marzo al 30 de septiembre de 2019 (Grupo I) y los ingresados en igual período pero del 2020 (Grupo II). Las comparaciones entre ambos grupos se realizaron utilizando el test de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: Existió una disminución de 53 ingresos por infarto agudo de miocardio en Las Tunas (112 vs. 159, p<0.05), con un incremento del número de ingresos en el Hospital Enrique Cabrera en los pacientes del grupo II (98 vs. 68, p<0.05). Se incrementó el número de fallecidos y la mortalidad hospitalaria en el grupo II en todos los centros con relación al grupo I. En la mayoría de los centros se incrementó la demora desde el inicio de los síntomas y la llegada al lugar de la primera asistencia médica. El porciento de trombólisis fue superior al 50% en la mayoría de los centros en el grupo II. Conclusiones: Las características de la COVID-19 pueden modificar aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos en la atención y tratamiento de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The clinico-epidemiological characteristics in the diagnosis, evolution and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction in the COVID-19 era depend on several factors. Objectives: To determine the behavior of some clinico-epidemiological variables in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction during de COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An observational study was carried out in four secondary care hospitals in Cuba. The following variables were used: number of admission due to acute myocardial infarction, hospital mortality, delay longer than four hours from the beginning of the symptoms to the arrival to the first medical assistance, and thrombolysis percentage. Two groups were defined, those admitted from March 1st to September 30th, 2019 (Group I) and those admitted in the same period, but from 2020 (Group II). Comparisons between both groups were made using the chi square test. Results: There was a decrease of 53 admissions due to acute myocardial infarction in Las Tunas (112 vs. 159; p<0.05), with an increase in the number of admissions in the Hospital Enrique Cabrera in patients from Group II (98 vs. 68; p<0.05). The number of deaths and hospital mortality in Group II increased in all the centers in relation to Group I. In most of the hospitals there was an increase of the time elapsed from the beginning of the symptoms to the arrival to the first medical assistance. Thrombolysis percentage in Group II was higher than 50% in most of the centers. Conclusions: The characteristics of COVID-19 may modify the clinical and epidemiological aspects in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction.


Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome , Post-Lyme Disease Syndrome , COVID-19 , Myocardial Infarction
5.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 47(1): 131-144, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134328

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To generate high-quality data comparing the clinical efficacy and safety profile between monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP) and bipolar plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PK-TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: Prospective, randomized, single-blinded study conducted in a tertiary-care public institution (Dec/2014-Aug/2016). Inclusion criteria: prostate of <80g in patients with drug-refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), complications derived from BPH, or both. Exclusion criteria: a history of pelvic surgery/radiotherapy, neurogenic bladder dysfunction or documented/suspected prostate carcinoma. Treatment efficacy evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Efficacy outcomes: international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality-of-life (QoL) score, international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine (PVRU) volume, and prostate volume (PV). Complications and sequelae also assessed. Comparisons performed with parametric/non-parametric tests. Results: Out of the 100 hundred patients, 84 qualified for the analysis (45 M-TURP/39 PK-TURP). No significant differences found in baseline characteristics or operative data, except for a longer operative time in PK-TURP (MD:7.9min; 95%CI:0.13-15.74; p=0.04). No differences found in IPSS, Qmax or PVRU volume. QoL score at 12 months was higher in PK-TURP (MD:0,9points; 95%CI:0.18-1.64; p=0.01). No differences in sexual function, PV, complications or sequelae were found. This study is "rigorous" (Jadadscale) and has a low risk of bias (Cochrane-Handbook). Conclusions: Based on this controlled trial, there is not significant variation in effectiveness and safety between M-TURP and PK-TURP for the treatment of BPH. The small difference in QoL between PK-TURP and M-TURP at the one-year follow-up is not perceivable by the patients and, therefore, not clinically relevant.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Transurethral Resection of Prostate/adverse effects , Quality of Life , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
7.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 86(2): 228-236, March-Apr. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132575

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Pharyngocutaneous fistula is the most significant complication after salvage total laryngectomy in patients who have received previous treatment with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Objective: Our purpose is to review the fistula rate in radiated patients undergoing salvage total laryngectomy, to determine if the use of pectoralis major flap interposition reduces the incidence and duration of fistula and to examine other risk factors. Methods: We made a retrospective review of patients undergoing salvage total laryngectomy for exclusively larynx cancer after failure of primary curative radiotherapy between 2000 and 2017. General data from patients, risk factors and other complications were analyzed. Results: We identified 27 patients whose mean age was 66.4 years, mainly male (92.5%). The primary closure group without pectoralis major flap included 14 patients, and the group with pectoralis major flap closure included 13 patients. Pharyngocutaneous fistula was present in 15 patients (55.5%). Global pharyngocutaneous fistula rate was higher in the group of patients without pectoralis major flap comparing with those were the flap was interposed (78.6% versus 30.8%, p = 0.047). Also the pharyngocutaneous fistulas which need to be repaired with surgery (64.3% versus 7.7%, p = 0.03) and large pharyngostomes (64.3% versus 0%, p = 0.0004) were present in a higher rate in the group closed primary without pectoralis major flap. We did not find other risk factors with statistical significance. Oral diet initiation (84 days versus 21.5 days, p = 0.039) and the duration of hospitalization (98.3 days versus 27.2 days, p = 0.0041) were much lower in patients with a preventive pectoralis major flap. Two patients died as a consequence of complications of large pharyngostomes. Conclusions: Prophylactic pectoralis major flap reduced the incidence, severity and duration of fistula and should be considered during salvage total laryngectomy.


Resumo Introdução: A fístula faringocutânea é a complicação mais significativa após laringectomia total de resgate em pacientes que receberam tratamento prévio com radioterapia com ou sem quimioterapia. Objetivo: Revisar a taxa de fístula em pacientes irradiados submetidos a laringectomia total de resgate, para determinar se o uso de interposição de retalho do peitoral maior reduz a incidência e a duração da fístula e examinar outros fatores de risco. Método: Fizemos uma revisão retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total de resgate para câncer exclusivamente laríngeo após falha da radioterapia curativa primária entre 2000 e 2017. Dados gerais dos pacientes, fatores de risco e outras complicações foram analisados. Resultados: Foram identificados 27 pacientes com média de 66,4 anos, principalmente do sexo masculino (92,5%). O grupo de fechamento primário sem retalho de peitoral maior incluiu 14 pacientes e o grupo de fechamento com retalho de peitoral maior incluiu 13 pacientes. Fístula faringocutânea esteve presente em 15 pacientes (55,5%). A taxa global de fístula faringocutânea foi maior no grupo de pacientes sem retalho de peitoral maior em comparação com aqueles que receberam o retalho (78,6% vs. 30,8%, p = 0,047). Além disso, as fístulas faringocutâneas que precisaram ser reparadas através de cirurgia (64,3% vs. 7,7%, p = 0,03) e grandes faringostomias (64,3% vs. 0%, p = 0,0004) apresentaram uma taxa mais alta no grupo fechado primariamente sem retalho do peitoral maior. Não encontramos outros fatores de risco com significância estatística. O início da dieta oral (84 dias vs. 21,5 dias, p = 0,039) e a duração da internação (98,3 dias vs. 27,2 dias, p = 0,0041) foram muito menores nos pacientes com uso preventivo do retalho do peitoral maior. Dois pacientes morreram em consequência de complicações de grandes faringostomias. Conclusões: O uso profilático do retalho do peitoral maior reduziu a incidência, a gravidade e a duração da fístula e deve ser considerado durante a laringectomia total de resgate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Surgical Flaps/transplantation , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Cutaneous Fistula/etiology , Laryngectomy/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cutaneous Fistula/surgery , Neoplasm Staging
8.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 16(4): 428-454, jul. 2017. mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-882147

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar un registro de plantas medicinales presentes en los solares-huertos familiares de la localidad zoque de Ayapa, Tabasco, México, considerando las cualidades frías y calientes asignadas a las plantas por los habitantes de la comunidad y utilizadas en el tratamiento de enfermedades. A partir de las investigaciones etnobotánicas realizadas mediante 24 entrevistas e información de 5 informantes clave se identificaron 140 especies de uso medicinal correspondientes a 65 familias botánicas diferentes, de las cuales 25 especies medicinales son consideradas de carácter caliente, 98 de carácter frío y 17 especies presentan características tanto frías como calientes. Las plantas medicinales presentes en la zona son utilizadas en el tratamiento de 70 padecimientos. 104 plantas son especies de origen americano y 36 introducidas. Este trabajo representa una primera aproximación al uso de la flora medicinal zoque de Tabasco siendo el primer reporte sobre plantas medicinales en la localidad, lo cual contribuirá a preservar su uso en la región.


The aim of this research was to record plants with medicinal value cultivated in solares or home gardens from Ayapa, a Zoque Village in Tabasco, México. We consider the analysis of the hot-cold qualities assigned by people of the community to the medicinal plants used in the treatment of illnesses. The research has an ethnobotanical perspective. Through 24 interviews and information provided by 5 key informants, we identified 140 medicinal plant species, corresponding to 69 botanical families. 25 species are considered to have a hot quality, whilst 98 are considered cold. 17 species have both cold and hot qualities. 70 ailments are treated using medicinal plants found in the area of study. 104 plants have American origin and 36 are introduced. This first approach to the analysis of the medicinal plants from the Zoque of Tabasco constitutes a first report and a contribution on medicinal lore in this community. This will help to preserve the medical knowledge of this ethnic group.


Subject(s)
Ethnobotany , Plants, Medicinal , Temperature , Cold Temperature , Hot Temperature , Mexico
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 34(2): 116-119, abr. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844454

ABSTRACT

Background: As alternative for patients that fear genital examination, we assessed adolescent's comfort and ease with self-collected samples for nucleic acid amplification testing for sexually transmitted infections. Patients and Methods: Sexually active Chilean adolescents and youth under 25 years (174 males and 117 females) were enrolled. Females used self-collected vaginal swabs and males collected first-stream urine. A satisfaction survey evaluating self-sampling system was applied. Results: Self-collection was considered easy in 99.3% of the interviewees (CI 95% 0.88-0.98). In women, 79.3% preferred vaginal self-collected samples than pelvic exam (CI 95% 0.73-0.85). In men, 80.3% preferred self-collected first-stream urine to urethral swabs (CI 95% 0.73-0.87). Assuming that self-collected sampling were available, 89.6% of women (CI 95% 0.85-0.94) and 93.2% of men (CI 95% 0.89-0.98) would be prone to be tested more often. Ease of self-collected sampling is not associated with age, gender, educational level or poverty. Conclusions: Chile currently does not have sexually transmitted infections surveillance or screening programs for youth and adolescents. Given self-collected sampling's good acceptability, it could be successfully used when these programs are implemented.


Introducción: Como alternativa para pacientes que temen al examen genital o para aquellos asintomáticos, se evaluó la satisfacción de adolescentes con el sistema de autotoma -muestra tomada por el propio paciente- para amplificación de ácidos nucleicos y determinación de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Material y Método: Se enrolaron 174 mujeres y 117 hombres menores de 25 años sexualmente activos. Las mujeres se realizaron autotoma con tórula vaginal. Los hombres, autotoma de orina de primer chorro. Se aplicó encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados: A 99,3%, le resultó fácil obtener muestras mediante autotoma (IC 95% 0,88-0,98). En mujeres, 79,3% prefirió la autotoma vaginal por sobre el examen pélvico (IC 95% 0,73-0,85). En hombres, 80,3% prefirió la autotoma de orina por sobre el hisopado uretral (IC 95% 0,73-0,87). Si la autotoma estuviera disponible, 89,7% de las mujeres (IC 95% 0,85-0,94) y 93,2% de los hombres (IC 95% 0,89-0,98) estarían dispuestos a someterse a un examen de ITS en forma más seguida. Encontrar fácil la autotoma no se asoció con edad, género, escolaridad ni pobreza. Conclusiones: Chile aún no tiene programas de vigilancia o detección de ITS para jóvenes y adolescentes. Dada la buena aceptabilidad de la autotoma, se podría emplear exitosamente cuando estos programas se implementen.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Specimen Handling/methods , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial/diagnosis , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Vaginal Smears/methods , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Urine Specimen Collection/methods
11.
Acta bioeth ; 22(2): 347-356, nov. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-827622

ABSTRACT

Investigación cualitativa para reconstruir el ethos profesional de la ingeniería civil industrial en Chile desde la subjetividad de sus actores. Se indagó en la experiencia profesional y la construcción de significados respecto de la ética e interculturalidad en su profesión, en un grupo de ingenieros civiles industriales y estudiantes que hubieran realizado su última práctica profesional. Todos los participantes habían estudiado o aún estudiaban en universidades estatales chilenas. La indagación se efectuó mediante entrevistas individuales y grupales a 29 individuos, de las que devengaron 19 textos, analizados mediante la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Los resultados permiten aventurar que el ethos de la Ingeniería Civil Industrial en Chile contiene como elemento nuclear la eficiencia y, por ende, la calidad del trabajo en sí misma. Sin embargo, este ethos se presenta tensionado con las aspiraciones por transformarla en una disciplina en la que sus profesionales además actúen conscientes de su responsabilidad social. En este sentido, es posible suponer que se trataría de una profesión en la cual, al menos en Chile, su carácter moral podría estar experimentando un proceso de reconstrucción.


Looking for Industrial Engineering professional ethos reconstruction from its actors’ subjectivity, a qualitative research on professional experience and meaning construction on ethics and interculturality, in Chilean Industrial engineers and students who had already finished their last practicum, is reported. All participants had studied or were still studying in Chilean public universities. Inquiry was performed by means of individual and group interviews which provided 19 texts, afterwards analyzed by means of Grounded Theory procedures. Results allow to adventure that Industrial Engineering ethos, in Chile, had as its nucleus efficiency, and so, tasks quality itself. Nevertheless, this ethos is tensioned with the aspiration to transform this discipline in one whose professionals also would work being conscious of its social responsibility. According to these results, it’s feasible to presume that, at least in Chile, Industrial Engineering is experiencing a reconstruction process in its moral character.


Investigação qualitativa para reconstruir o ethos profissional da engenharia civil industrial no Chile a partir da subjetividade de seus atores. Se indagou a experiência profissional e a construção de significados a respeito da ética e interculturalidade em sua profissão, a um grupo de engenheiros civis industriais e estudantes que tiveram realizado sua última prática profissional. Todos os participantes haviam estudado ou ainda estudavam em universidades estatais chilenas. A indagação se efetuou mediante entrevistas individuais e coletivas a 29 indivíduos, das quais obtiveram 19 textos, analisados mediante a metodologia da Teoria Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Os resultados permitem aventurar que o ethos da Engenharia Civil Industrial no Chile contém como elemento nuclear a eficiência e, por fim, a qualidade do trabalho em si mesma. Todavia, este ethos se apresenta tensionado com as aspirações por transformá-lo numa disciplina na qual seus profissionais ademais atuem conscientes de sua responsabilidade social. Neste sentido, é possível supor que se trataria de uma profissão na qual, ao menos no Chile, seu caráter moral poderia estar experimentando um processo de reconstrução.


Subject(s)
Engineering , Ethics, Professional , Occupations/ethics , Chile , Interview , Qualitative Research
12.
Rev. chil. urol ; 81(1): 9-10, 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-906280

ABSTRACT

La Nefrectomía parcial es la técnica quirúrgica ideal en tumores T1 si técnicamente es posible, preservando una mayor cantidad de tejido renal funcional. El abordaje laparoscópico se asocia a menores tiempos de hospitalización, menor dolor y reinserción laboral precoz. El apoyo del abordaje single-port (LESS) se asocia a menos dolor y mejores resultados estéticos, pero conlleva a una mayor complejidad técnica, sin embargo esta dificultad puede ser eliminada con el apoyo robótico, conservando los beneficios de la técnica single port. La tecnología magnética LEVITA facilita aún mas la técnica, pudiendo ser utilizada también en cirugía laparoscópica convencional. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Presentamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 64 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos, con hallazgo incidental de tumor renal de 1.6 x 1.5 cm en polo inferior izquierdo, R.E.N.A.L. score 6P. Se realizó nefrectomía parcial robóticamente asistida single port. El tiempo operatorio fue de 270 minutos, sangrado estimado de 200cc. Los márgenes fueron negativos. La creatinina en el último control (1.0 mg/dl) es similar a la preoperatoria inmediata (0.9 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONES: La Nefrectomía parcial robóticamente asistida utilizando solo una incisión permite disminuir la morbilidad perioperatoria y mejorar los resultados cosméticos sin que esto signifique una mayor complejidad en la técnica quirúrgica. La tecnología magnética LEVITA es una herramienta útil a considerar en el arsenal del cirujano robótico / laparoscopista.(AU)


INTRODUCTION: Partial nephrectomy is the ideal surgical technique in T1 tumors if technically possible, preserving a greater amount of functional renal tissue. The laparoscopic approach is associated to shorter hospitalization time, less pain and early return to work. Support single-port approach is associated with less pain and better cosmetic results but leads to greater technical complexity. However, the latter difficulty can be eliminated with the robotic support, preserving the benefits of the single-port technique. The LEVITA magnetic technology makes it even easier to apply the technique, and can also be used in conventional laparoscopic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report the case of a 64-year old male patient without morbid history, with incidental 1.6 x 1.5 cm kidney tumor finding in the left lower pole, R.E.N.A.L. 6P score. Robot-assisted single port partial nephrectomy was performed. The operating time was 270 minutes, estimated blood loss of 200cc. The margins were negative. The ultimate creatinine control (1.0 mg / dl) is similar to the immediate preoperative (0.9 mg / dl). CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy using only one incision allows reduction of perioperative morbidity and improvement of cosmetic results without greater complexity in surgical technique. The LEVITA magnetic technology is a useful tool to consider in the arsenal of a robotic / laparoscopic surgeon.


Subject(s)
Male , Robotics , Nephrectomy , Laparoscopy , Instructional Film and Video
13.
Lima; s.n; 2016. 50 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1114426

ABSTRACT

En el contexto de la calidad del cuidado, la evaluación de la satisfacción del paciente ha sido adoptado por las instituciones de salud como un indicador para medir la calidad de servicios de salud; en tal sentido es que se ha desarrollado el presente trabajo de investigación con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de satisfacción del usuario externo con respecto al cuidado integral que brinda el profesional de enfermería en el tópico de emergencia del Centro de Salud Vilcas Huamán, Ayacucho. El estudio es tipo cuantitativo, método descriptivo simple de corte transversal; la población estuvo conformada por 869 usuarios externos atendidos en el tópico de emergencia, de enero a diciembre del 2015, por ser una población indefinida la muestra concurrente fue 86 usuarios externos, se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario de satisfacción. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo con la aplicación del Software IBM-SPSS versión 23,0. Los resultados de la investigación determinaron que la satisfacción respecto a la dimensión técnico científico de la atención de enfermería fue de nivel medio en 51.2 por ciento al igual que en la dimensión humanista con 46.5 por ciento. En conclusión, la satisfacción respecto al cuidado de enfermería fue de nivel medio en 48.8 por ciento de usuarios externos.


In the context of the quality of care, evaluation of patient satisfaction has been adopted by health institutions as an indicator to measure the quality of health services; in this sense it is that it has developed this research with the aim of determining the level of satisfaction external user with respect to the comprehensive care provided by the nurse on the topic Emergency of Health Center Vilcas Huaman, Ayacucho. The study is quantitative, simple descriptive method of cross section; the population consisted of 869 external users treated in the emergency topic, from January to December 2015, being an indefinite population sample was 86 concurrent external users, was used as an instrument a satisfaction questionnaire. The statistical analysis was descriptive to the implementation of IBM Software SPSS version 23.0. The results of the investigation determined that the satisfaction with the technical and scientific dimension of nursing care was 51.2 per cent average level as in the humanistic dimension with 46.5 per cent. In conclusion, the satisfaction with the nursing care was 48.8 per cent average level of external users nursing care was 48.8 per cent average level of external users.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Nursing Care , Emergency Nursing , Outpatients , Nursing Staff , Patient Satisfaction , Prospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(2): 223-236, feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-742574

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer represents the second cancer-related cause of death in North American and Chilean men. The main treatment for incurable stages of disease is surgical or pharmacological castration. However, with time and despite the addition of anti-androgens, the disease progresses to a clinical state that has been commonly referred to as “hormone refractory”. In recent years, the concept of hormone refractoriness has been challenged and replaced by “castration resistance”, acknowledging that further and optimal hormonal manipulation can be attained, beyond achieving testosterone levels at castration range. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent therapeutic breakthroughs in the management of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), with greater emphasis in the newer hormonal therapy agents such as Abiraterone and Enzalutamide. Future combination and sequential treatment strategies are contextualized in the current era of personalized cancer medicine and genomic characterization of prostate cancer.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Angiotensin II/physiology , Fibronectins/biosynthesis , Mesangial Cells/metabolism , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/biosynthesis , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Fibronectins/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Glomerular Mesangium/cytology , Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism , Glomerular Mesangium/pathology , Glomerulonephritis/genetics , Glomerulonephritis/metabolism , Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Mesangial Cells/enzymology , Mesangial Cells/pathology , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/biosynthesis , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
15.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 19(1): 21-29, 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-882642

ABSTRACT

Los condones son considerados un método eficaz para evitar la propagación de infecciones de transmisión sexual. En Ecuador, un factor común en las políticas públicas de salud sexual es la entrega gratuita de condones a trabajadoras sexuales (TS). Esto ocurre junto con el asesoramiento sobre otras medidas preventivas y la importancia de las pruebas de detección del VIH. Este estudio busca determinar si la distribución gratuita de condones afecta la compra de los mismos y su uso consecuente. A través de una encuesta apli-cada a 2.566 trabajadoras sexuales en ocho ciudades del Ecuador, se analiza el comportamiento de compra de condones. Los datos corresponden a las encuestas realizadas por el Proyecto de Prevención de Fronteras (PPF) en Ecuador en 2006. Dado que el acceso a las políticas públicas y a los condones gratuitos no es aleatorio, existen riesgos de sesgos de selección muestral. Para ello utilizamos un procedimiento de estimación Heckman en dos etapas. En la primera se analiza la probabilidad de comprar condones, y en la segunda, la cantidad de condones comprados. Se encuentra que por cada condón recibido gratuitamente, la TS compra uno más. Este resultado muestra la efectividad de las políticas de distribución cuando son acompañadas de componentes de asesoramiento e información.


Condoms are considered an effective method to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections. In Ecuador, a common factor in sexual health public policy is the provision of free condoms to female sex workers. This occurs together with advice on other preventive measures and the importance of HIV screening. The present study seeks to determine whether he distribution of free condoms affects their purchase and subsequent use. A survey to assess condom purchase behavior was completed by 2566 female sexual workers (FSW) in eight cities in Ecuador. The Frontiers Prevention Project (FPP) conducted surveys during 2006. There is a risk of sample selection bias as access to public policy and free condoms is not random: we therefore used a Heckman estimation procedure in two stages. The probability of purchasing condoms and the quantity of condoms purchased were analyzed. We find that for each condom received for free, FSW purchased one more. This result shows the effectiveness of distribution policies when they are accompanied by advice and information.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Condoms/supply & distribution , Consumer Behavior , Sex Workers/psychology , Choice Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysis , Models, Statistical , Ecuador , Products Distribution
16.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 48(4)oct.-dic. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-748769

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad se basa en la cuantificación experimental de la contribución del sistema de medición a la variabilidad total observada, y determina si este es aceptable o no. Objetivo: evaluar el sistema de medición en la fabricación de gel de hidróxido de aluminio mediante el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad. Métodos: el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad se desarrolló a través de un experimento factorial balanceado de efecto aleatorio. Se tomaron 10 muestras (partes) del producto terminado, de un lote de producción, las que se midieron dos veces por tres operadores seleccionados aleatoriamente. Las mediciones se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Investigación de Medilip (nivel de confianza: α= 0,05; 95 por ciento). Se aplicó el método ANOVA cruzado. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó utilizando el paquete estadístico Minitab 16. Resultados: según los índices Cg y Cgk (estudio tipo I), se comprobó que el sistema de medición fue aceptable. Con el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad se determinó que el factor que contribuye en mayor cuantía resultó el denominado partes (96,85 por ciento) y que la contribución de la variabilidad del sistema de medición (3,15 por ciento) fue aceptable, así como el porcentaje de la varianza del estudio con respecto a la varianza total (17,75 por ciento). Conclusiones: el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad identifica al factor parte como el de mayor contribución a la variabilidad total y que el sistema de medición es adecuado, lo cual está avalado por los índices reconocidos internacionalmente, por lo que se recomenda tomar acciones para mejorar el desempeño(AU)


Introduction: the repeatability and reproducibility study is based on experimental quantitation of the measurement system contribution to the total observed variability, and is aimed at determining whether this system is acceptable. Objective: to evaluate the measurement system in aluminum hydroxide gel production process through the repeatability and reproducibility study. Methods: this study was carried out through a balanced factorial experiment of random effect. Ten finished product samples from a production batch were measured twice by three randomly selected operators. The measurements were made in the Medilip research laboratory (Cross ANOVA method. Confidence level α= 0.05; 95 percent). The statistical package Minitab 16 served to process relevant data. Results: according to Cg and Cgk (type I Study) indexes, the measurement system was acceptable. The repeatability and reproducibility study determined that the main contributing factor was parts (98.85 percent) and that the measurement system variability (3.15) was also allowable as well as the percentage of the study variance with regard to the total variance (17.75 percent). Conclusions: the repeatability and reproducibility study identifies the factor called parts as the one largely contributing to the total variability and determines that the measurement system is adequate, which is endorsed by international set standards, so it is recommended to take actions to improve its performance(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aluminum Hydroxide/therapeutic use , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric
17.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(3): 1099-1109, jul.-sep. 2014. mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-753676

ABSTRACT

The ever-increasing establishment of landscape mosaics is expressed as a surrounding matrix of agricultural activities, which frames patches or remnants of the original vegetation cover. Conservation actions should be aimed to establish or to increase those interactive systems, which help to maintain the landscape flow through linkages. Spaces occupied by traditional management systems retain and support this function. In this paper, we used Geographic Information Systems to evaluate the importance of traditionally managed forest units (‘acahuales’-coffee plantations) and to assess landscape connectivity in the indigenous Popoluca area of Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Mexico. The cartographic material used to establish the types of vegetation and their coverture included the period 1991-2008. At landscape level, four indices were used to assess the general situation of the habitat network, and to identify the patches of high priority. Individually, indices evaluated if patches were important for their area, their potential flow or their connecting function. Results showed that the landscape is functioning as a single system, but having low connectivity. Values improved when traditionally managed forest patches were considered as viable habitat. We detected 367 patches of very high priority, 80% belonging to forests managed traditionally. Patches were important for their potential flow (size and topological relationships). Only 70 patches were significant for their function as biological corridors between largest forests located at the top of the volcanoes, and are mostly managed forest (75%). We concluded that the units of traditionally managed forest play a significant role in landscape connectivity maintenance. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (3): 1099-1109. Epub 2014 September 01.


La existencia cada vez más frecuente de mosaicos de paisaje se expresa como una matriz circundante de actividades agropecuarias que enmarcan relictos de vegetación primaria. Cualquier acción de conservación debe de estar orientada a establecer o incrementar aquellos sistemas interactivos que mantengan los flujos del paisaje a través de enlaces. Los espacios ocupados por sistemas tradicionales de manejo favorecen y mantienen esta función. En el presente trabajo se evaluó, a través de un sistema de información geográfica, la importancia de las unidades de selva manejada de manera tradicional (acahuales-cafetales) en la conectividad del paisaje en la zona indígena Popoluca de la Sierra de los Tuxtlas, México. El material cartográfico utilizado para determinar los tipos de vegetación y su cobertura, abarca el periodo 1991-2008. Se emplearon cuatro índices para evaluar la conectividad a nivel paisaje y detectar cuáles son los fragmentos de muy alta prioridad para su mantenimiento. A nivel individual los índices evaluaron si los fragmentos son importantes por su área, por su flujo potencial o por su función conectora. Los resultados muestran que el paisaje funciona como un solo sistema, con baja conectividad. Los valores mejoran al incluirse la selva manejada como hábitat viable. Se detectaron 367 fragmentos de muy alta prioridad, 80% de ellos de selva manejada. Los fragmentos en su mayoría fueron importantes por el flujo potencial que representan (dimensiones y relaciones topológicas). Solo 70 fragmentos fueron importantes por su función como conectores, éstos actúan como corredores con las masas forestales de mayor tamaño localizadas en la cima de los volcanes, y son principalmente fragmentos de selva manejada (75%). Se concluye que las unidades de selva manejada de manera tradicional juegan un papel significante en el mantenimiento de la conectividad del paisaje.


Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Forests , Geographic Information Systems , Mexico
18.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 82(2): 126-132, abr. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734477

ABSTRACT

Objetivos Evaluar alteraciones precoces del strain auricular longitudinal en base al speckle tracking y el índice de rigidez auricular en hipertensos leves. Material y métodos Ingresaron prospectivamente 101 pacientes de entre 30 y 50 años: 32 sujetos sanos sedentarios (Grupo 1), 35 sanos deportistas (Grupo 2) y 34 hipertensos controlados (Grupo 3). Sexo masculino: 68 (67,3%). Se efectuaron mediciones ecocardiográficas convencionales, se registraron el Doppler tisular color y el Doppler tisular pulsado lateral y septal y se calculó el volumen auricular. Se obtuvieron el strain y el strain rate ventricular sistólico y el strain auricular máximo durante el período de reservorio por speckle tracking. Se calculó el índice de rigidez auricular en base a la relación (E/e)/strain auricular máximo. Se utilizó el análisis de ANOVA seguido de la prueba de Bonferroni, considerándose significativa una p < 0,01. Resultados La relación E/A y la velocidad de la onda e tisular fueron mayores y la relación E/e fue menor en el grupo de deportistas. El índice de masa del ventrículo izquierdo no mostró diferencias significativas. El volumen de la aurícula izquierda fue mayor en deportistas sin alcanzar significación estadística. El strain auricular fue menor en hipertensos (36,94 ± 7,71 vs. 46,17 ± 10,05 en el Grupo 1 y 46,80 ± 8,44 en el Grupo 2; IC 95% 3,96-14,47; p < 0,0001) y el índice de rigidez auricular fue significativamente más alto en este grupo (30,49 ± 11,93 vs. 19,94 ± 8,12 en el Grupo 1 y 18,99 ± 5,88 en Grupo 2; IC 95% 5,05-16,05; p < 0,0001). Conclusiones La deformación auricular longitudinal durante el período de reservorio y el índice de rigidez auricular se hallan alterados en hipertensos leves controlados antes de que se detecten otras alteraciones ecocardiográficas.


Left Atrial Longitudinal Strain: Early Alterations in Young Patients with Mild Hypertension Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate early changes in left atrial longitudinal strain based on speckle tracking and the atrial stiffness index in patients with mild hypertension. Methods One hundred and one patients, 30 to 50 years of age, were prospectively enrolled in the study: 32 healthy sedentary patients (Group 1), 35 healthy recreational athletes (Group 2) and 34 mild hypertensive patients (Group 3). Sixty eight patients were men (67.3%). Conventional echocardiographic assessments were performed, color tissue Doppler and lateral and septal pulsed tissue Doppler were recorded and atrial volume was calculated. Left ventricular strain and strain rate and left atrial peak strain during the reservoir period were obtained by speckle tracking. The atrial stiffness index was calculated based on the (E/e)/peak atrial strain ratio. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test. A p value <0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results The E/A ratio and the tissue e wave velocity were higher and the E/e ratio was lower in the athlete group. Left ventricular mass index did not show statistical differences among groups. Left atrial volume was higher in athletes without attaining significant difference. In hypertensive patients, atrial strain was lower (36.94 ± 7.71 vs. 46.17 ± 10.05 in Group 1 and 46.80 ± 8.44 in Group 2; 95% CI 3.96-14.47; p <0.0001) and the stiffness index was higher (30.49 ± 11.93 vs. 19.94 ± 8.12 in Group 1 and 18.99 ± 5.88 in Group 2; 95% CI 5.05-16.05; p <0.0001). Conclusions Left atrial longitudinal strain during the reservoir period and the atrial stiffness index are altered in patients with mild controlled hypertension before the detection of other echocardiographic changes.

19.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 16(2): 107-114, 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-712364

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar los efectos del conocimiento de los mecanismos de transmisión del VIH sobre la percepción del riesgo de infección. Método: Mediante una encuesta a 1.400 individuos en Guayaquil, ecuador, se recolecta información socioeconómica, de comportamiento y conocimiento sobre el VIH/ Sida. el objetivo se analiza en dos etapas: primero, se estima un modelo de regresión logística ordenada entre un índice de conocimientos de los mecanismos correctos de transmisión del VIH y un índice de conocimiento de medios incorrectos o falsos; segundo, se estima un modelo de regresión logística ordenada de la percepción del riesgo y la predicción del nivel de conocimiento correcto, determinado en la primera regresión, y variables de comportamiento sexual. Resultados: Se identifica una vinculación positiva entre el conocimiento correcto y las creencias falsas (RM= 1.71, iC 95 por ciento=1.35-2.43). La interacción entre conocimiento y el número de parejas sexuales eleva la percepción del riesgo (RM=2.8, IC 95 por ciento 1.44-5.39). Discusión: Se identifica que el mecanismo de operación entre el conocimiento y la percepción del riesgo es a través del efecto conjunto entre el comportamiento sexual y que el encuestado reconozca que este es un mecanismo potencial de transmisión del VIH. Dado que la efectividad de las intervenciones depende de esta relación, estudios de esta naturaleza son importantes en la provisión de insumos de información.


Objective: Determine the effects of knowledge of HIV transmission on risk perception. Materials and methods: Using a survey of 1,400 individuals in Guayaquil, Ecuador, information was collected on socioeconomic variables and behavior and knowledge related to HIV/AIDS. The results were analyzed in two phases. First, an ordered logical regression model was estimated, between a knowledge index of correct HIV transmission mechanisms and an index of incorrect mechanisms. Second, an ordered logical regression model was estimated between risk perception and prediction of the level of correct knowledge, determined in the first regression, and sexual behavior variables. Results: A positive link was identified between correct knowledge and false beliefs. (OR= 1.71, CI 95 percent=1.35-2.43). The interaction between knowledge and the number of sexual partners increased risk perception. (OR=2.8,CI 95 percent 1.44- 5.39). Discussion: The operational mechanism between knowledge and risk perception is through the joint effect of sexual behavior and recognition that this is a potential mechanism of HIV transmission. Given that the effectiveness of interventions depends on this relationship, studies of this nature are important in providing this type of information.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , HIV Infections/psychology , HIV Infections/transmission , Age Factors , Ecuador , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Logistic Models , Perception , Risk-Taking , Sexual Behavior , Sexual Partners , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
20.
Rev. chil. urol ; 76(4): 249-254, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-658273

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La vasectomía es un procedimiento quirúrgico electivo que pretende obstruir o eliminar un segmento de ambos vasos deferentes. Es actualmente la causa más frecuente de azoospermia obstructiva. Se estima que hasta el 6 por ciento de los hombres que se han sometido a ella desean que sea revertida1. El objetivo del estudio fue presentar una serie de vasovasostomías (VV), y demostrar que constituye una técnica microquirúgica efectiva y segura. Material y métodos: Se han revisado 18 casos de VV practicadas en pacientes con vasectomía previa. Todas estas cirugías fueron realizadas por el mismo cirujano en un periodo de un año. Se registraron datos clínicos preoperatorios relevantes, así como datos del intra y posoperatorio. Se evaluaron los desenlaces con parámetros estándar y validados para esos efectos. Resultados: El seguimiento medio fue de 12 meses (rango 8-17). La edad media de los pacientes fue de 44,5 años (37-56); la edad media de la pareja fue de 30 años (24-43); el tiempo desde la vasectomía8 años (2-21) y la media de hijos previos fue del 2,1 (1-4). En el primer control de espermiograma alos 3 meses de la intervención, 16 de los 17 pacientes presentaron espermios en el recuento (94 por ciento).La concentración media de espermatozoides fue de 25x10


Introduction: Vasectomy is an elective surgical procedure, which aims to obstruct or to eliminate a segment of both vas deferens. It is currently considered the most frequent cause of obstructive azoospermia. It is estimated that up to 6 percent of male who have undergone one, is seeking to have it reversed (1). The target of this study is to present a series of vasovasostomy (VV), and to prove it as an effective and secure microsurgical technique. Material and methods: 18 VV cases of patients with a previous vasectomy have been revised. The same surgeon practiced all surgeries during one year. Relevant clinic data, pre-operatory as well as intra and post operatory, were registered. The outcomes were assessed with standard and validated parameters. Results: The average follow up was 12 months (range 8-17). The patients’ average age was 44,5years (37-56); their partners’ average age was 30 years (24-43); time since vasectomy was 8 years (2-21) and the mean of previous children was 2,1 (1-4). 16 out of 17 patients (94 percent) had sperm in the ejaculate at 3 months following the procedure with a mean sperm concentration of 25x10


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Infertility , Microsurgery , Vasovasostomy , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
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