Hipertensión arterial pulmonar asociada a virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated to human immunodeficiency virus

A partir de la presentación del tratamiento antirretroviral altamente efectivo, la esperanza de vida de los pacientes con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana ha aumentado de manera significativa. En la actualidad, las causas de muerte son las complicaciones no infecciosas. Entre ellas, la hipertensión arterial pulmonar tiene una importancia especial. Es relevante la detección temprana para establecer la terapéutica con el objetivo de prevenir el desenlace fatal a futuro.

From the advent of the highly effective antiretroviral treatment, the life expectancy of patients with human immunodeficiency virus has increased significantly. At present, the causes of death are non-infectious complications. Between them, the pulmonary arterial hypertension has a special importance. It is important early detection to establish the therapeutic, with the objective of preventing a fatal outcome to future.

Pharmacokinetics of oral ranitidine in Mexicans

The pharmacokinetics of oral ranitidine were studied in 24 Mexican male healthy volunteers. Subjects received a tablet containing 150 mg of ranitidine (Azantac TM, Glaxo de Mexico, Mexico, City) after an overnight fast and blood samples were drawn at several times for a period of 24 h. Ranitidine concentration in plasma was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis. Ranitide plasma concentration increased with time, reaching a maximum of (mean ñ SEM) 484 ñ 34 ng/ml in 2.7 ñ 0.2 h. Plasma levels then decayed with a terminal half-life of 4.8 ñ 0.3 h. The area under the plasma concentration against time curve was 2440 ñ 126 ngh/ml. Oral ranitidine pharmacokinetic parameters in mexicans appeared to be similar to those previously reported for caucasians

Comparison between sprague-dawley and wistar rats as an experimental model of pharmacokinetic alterations induced by spinal cord injury

Two strains of rats, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar, were assayed in order to determine which strain is the more suitable experimental model for the study of pharmacokinetic alterations inuced by spinal cord injury. Animals were submitted to spinal cord contusion at the T8-T9 level by the weight drop method. A single acetaminophen oral dose (100 mg/kg) was administered 24 h after injury and blood samples were drawn for a period of 4 h. Acetaminophen concentration in whole blood was determined by high performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. For both strains, Cmax and AUC were significantly lower, whereas tmax remained uchanged, in injured animals compared to sham-injured controls. Circulating acetaminophen concentrations were higher; therefore, pharmacokinetic alterations were more easily discerned, in Sprague-Dawley than in Wistar rats. It is concluded that the Sprague-Dawley strain is a more suitable model for the study of pharmacokinetic alternations induced by spinal cord injury

Determination of oral rifampin pharmacokinetic parameters in Mexicans and comparison with other populations: absence of evidence for interethnic variability

Oral pharmacokinetics of rifampin were studied in eight Mexican young healthy male volunteers after administration of a 600 mg oral dose. After and overnight fast, subjects received medication and blood samples were drawn at selected time over a 24-h period. Rifampin plasma levels were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ñ SEM) were: Cmax 13.514 ñ 1.775 µg/ml, tmax 1.88 ñ 0.30 h, AUC 73.61 ñ 9.48 µg.h/ml anf half-life 2.98 ñ 0.29 h. Results were compared with those obtained for the other populations under similar conditions in order to explore the possibility of interethnic variability, since it has been reported that rifampin pharmacokinetics in Indonesian subjects differ from those found in Europeans. Pharmacokinetic data found in Mexican were comparable with those observed in Brithis, Indian, Japanese and Italian individuals. As the parmacokinetics of rifampin seem to be similar different populations, it is concluded that ethnic origin does not a appear to play and important role. Therefore, dosing regimens designed for Caucasians can be extrapolated for other populations