Housekeeping genes involved in non-malignant breast phenotypes are widely expressed in multiple cancers and provide novel biomarkers of tumor classification

Clinically relevant biomarkers are useful to determine cancer patients' prognosis and treatments. To discover new putative biomarkers, we performed in silico analysis of a 325-gene panel previously associated with breast epithelial cell biology and clinical outcomes. Sixteen public datasets of microarray samples representing 8 cancer types and a total of 3,663 patients' samples were used for the analyses. Feature selection was used to identify the best subsets of the 325 genes for each classification, and linear discriminant analysis was used to quantify the accuracy of the classifications. A subset of 102 of the 325 genes were found to be housekeeping (HK) genes, and the classifications were repeated using only the 102 HK subset. The 325-gene panel and 102 HK subset were able to distinguish colon, gastric, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate tumors and leukemia from normal adjacent tissue, and classify disease subtypes of breast and lung cancers and leukemia with 70% or higher accuracy. HK genes have been overlooked as potential biomarkers due to their relative stability. This study describes a set of HK genes as putative biomarkers applicable to multiple cancer types worth following in subsequent validation studies.

Estudio de la aceptabilidad en escolares de barras de cereales formuladas con ovoalbúmina, aceite de soja y miel / Study of school children's acceptability of cereal bars formulated with ovalbumin, soy oil and honey

a formulación de barras de cereales de buen perfil nutricional dirigidas a niños, está fuertemente condicionada por su aceptación sensorial. Se realizó el estudió de la aceptabilidad en escolares de barras elaboradas con cereales (maíz, avena, arroz), germen de trigo, ovoalbúmina deshidratada como proteína de elevado Valor Biológico y aceite de soja extraído en frío como fuente de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados. Los cereales empleados fueron mayoritariamente integrales y texturizados. Se elaboraron 5 tipos de muestras: una formulada sólo con los ingredientes mencionados previamente (BC) y las otras cuatro con diferentes agregados: girasol en grano entero (BC+girasol), trocitos de chocolate (BC+chocolate), pasta de frutilla (BC+frutilla), girasol más pasas de uvas (BC+girasol+pasas). Como aglutinante se utilizó miel, aceite de soja y azúcar. El contenido proteico alcanzado fue 11,3-14,5% y para grasas totales el rango estuvo en 14,2-17,6%. La evaluación sensorial fue realizada en la semana de elaboración, participando 20 escolares entre 9 y 11 años. Se evaluó: aceptabilidad global, sabor global, sabor dulce, dureza y crocancia, utilizando una escala simplificada (1-10) y hedónica de 9 puntos, aplicándose análisis de varianza a los resultados. Cuatro muestras recibieron para todos los atributos altos puntajes (>7), siendo BC+chocolate la preferida y sin diferencia significativa entre las tres restantes (BC, BC+girasol, BC+frutilla). En cambio BC+girasol+pasas, obtuvo los menores valores debido a que el 58% de los niños rechaza las pasas de uva. Los resultados demuestran la factibilidad de formular alimentos en barra de corta vida útil dirigidas a niños, incorporando ovoalbúmina, aceite de soja, miel, cereales texturizados y grano entero.

Serum concentration and increased temperature alter Mayaro virus RNA and protein synthesis in Aedes albopictus (mosquito)-infected cells

We have previously shown the inhibition of Mayaro virus multiplication in Aedes albopictus-infected cells maintained at a supraoptimal temperature for growth (37§C) and a stimulation of virus production in response to high serum concentrations in the incubation medium. In the present study, we addressed the question of how the effect of continuous heat stress and high serum concentration soon after infection interfere with virus macromolecule synthesis. Cells maintained at 28§C in the presence of 2 percent serum synthesized a viral genomic RNA of 12 kb and a subgenomic RNA of 5.2 kb 6 h post-infection. Analysis of the protein profile showed the presence of the viral nucleocapsid protein of 34 kDa (P34). However, if infected cells were maintained at 37§C, a smear starting immediately below the 5.2-kb RNA was noticed and the viral P34 was not detected by SDS-PAGE. Addition of 10 percent serum to the growth medium of infected cells maintained at 37§C results in a viral RNA profile and proteins synthesis similar to those observed in cultures kept at 28§C, i.e., the smear was not observed and the P34 protein was detected. The results suggest that the inhibition of virus multiplication by temperature may be related to the inhibition of viral nonstructural protein synthesis early during infection. The presence of high serum levels in the incubation medium protects macromolecule synthesis against heat stress