Queimaduras e sua prevenção em crianças / Burns and prevention in children

OBJETIVO: Mostrar as ações para evitar queimaduras em crianças nos diferentes lugares onde elas são desenvolvidas. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre a prevenção de queimaduras em crianças. As buscas ocorreram no período de 1 de janeiro de 2010 a 31 de dezembro de 2019. O levantamento bibliográfico deu-se por fontes de evidência primária e secundária, tais como os bancos de dados científicos SciELO, LILACS e PubMed. Foram adotadas seis etapas para o desenvolvimento da revisão: seleção dos bancos de dados científicos, seleção da amostragem (critérios de inclusão e exclusão), coleta de dados, análise crítica dos resultados, discussão dos resultados e apresentação da revisão narrativa. RESULTADOS: A prevenção deve acontecer em casa (as crianças nunca devem ficar na cozinha, devem ficar longe de lugares onde se vai cozinhar, e de líquidos inflamáveis, produtos químicos, isqueiros), na vias públicas (não expor as crianças por muito tempo ao Sol, principalmente em praias, piscinas, rios ou outros lugares de recreação) e na escola (verificar mochilas, pastas ou sacos de crianças, não levar fósforos ou outros meios de atear fogo, deve haver nas escolas saídas de emergência e alarmes para qualquer fogo e colocação em lugares visíveis e acessíveis de informações de combate a incêndio). CONCLUSÕES: A população deve ser orientada a evitar fatores de risco de queimaduras em crianças, levando em conta os diferentes ambientes em que estas ocorrem.

OBJECTIVE: To show the actions to prevent burns in children in the different place where they are developed. METHODS: A narrative literature review of the prevention of burns in children was carried out. The literature search was carried out in the period from January 1st 2010 to December 31 2019. Bibliographic research was performed by sources of primary and secondary evidence by the databases SciELO, LILACS and PubMed. Six stages for the development of the review were adopted: selection of banks of scientific data, sample selection (establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria), data collection, critical analysis of the results, discussion of the results and presentation of the review. RESULTS: Prevention should be at home (children should never be in the kitchen, they have to be kept away from places where flammable liquids, chemicals and phosphor flasks are going to be cooked), on public roads (do not expose children by a lot of time in the sun, mainly in the baths on the beach, swimming pools, rivers or other places of recreation) and at school (check the children backpacks, folders or sacks do not carry matches or other means that can catch fire, they must exist in schools emergency exits and alarms for any fire and placement in visible and accessible means of fire fighting). CONCLUSIONS: The training of the population must be aimed to prevent risk factors of burns in children, taking into account the different environments in that this is developed.

Romboplastia múltiple en cirugía de rescate del cáncer de cabeza y cuello / Multiple rhomboplasty in rescue surgery of head and neck cáncer

La romboplastia de Limberg es una técnica quirúrgica útil en la reparación de defectos faciales. Se presenta un paciente de 55 años de edad, de procedencia rural que acude a consulta de cirugía de cabeza y cuello por presentar lesión persistente de tres meses de evolución. Esta se localizaba en la región temporo-frontal derecha, ulcerada y dolorosa y provocaba molestias físicas y estéticas. Se realizó resección quirúrgica y biopsia que informó carcinoma basocelular con bordes de sección libres de lesión y quedó un defecto circular de aproximadamente 8 cm de diámetro. El tamaño y localización de esta lesión en un área poco extensible hizo imposible el cierre borde a borde, fue necesario diseñar la triple plastia de Limberg que requiere de tres colgajos concéntricos de piel de las regiones del cuero cabelludo, preauricular y frontal, seguido del decolado, transposición y sutura de los mismos sin comprometer su irrigación. La triple plastia de Limberg demuestra su vigencia en la reparación del defecto temporo-frontal y posibilita el resultado oncoplástico esperado(AU)

Limbergs rhomboplasty is a useful surgical technique for facial defect repair. Here is a 55 years-old male patient from a rural area, who went to the neck and head surgery service for a persistent lesion occurred three months before. The lesion was located in the right temporofrontal region, in the form of an ulcer that causes a lot of pain and physical and esthetical discomfort. Surgical resection and biopsy were performed, and the latter showed a basal carcinoma whose borders were lesion-free and an 8 cm round defect remained. The size and location of such lesion in a barely extensible area made the border-to-border closure of the lesion impossible. It was then necessary to design Limbergs rhomboplasty that requires three concentric cutaneous flaps from the scalp, preauricular and frontal regions, followed by dissection, transposition and suture of such flaps without affecting blood irrigation. Limbergs rhomboplasy shows that it is a good technique for forehead defect repairs and facilitates the expected oncological and esthetic outcome(AU)

Nódulos parotídeos: experiencia en la República de Haití / Parotid nodules: experience in the Republic of Haiti

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las enfermedades de las glándulas salivales ocupan un lugar relevante entre las patologías quirúrgicas de la cabeza y el cuello. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar la experiencia del tratamiento quirúrgico de tumores parotídeos benignos del lóbulo superficial, mediante anestesia local, en pacientes de la Republica de Haití atendidos como parte de la colaboración médica cubana en ese país. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en pacientes con nódulos parotídeos, atendidos en la República de Haití entre los años 2005 y 2006. Según su naturaleza, los nódulos fueron agrupados en inflamatorios, neoplásicos y otros. Para el tratamiento quirúrgico se utilizó la anestesia local con lidocaína al 1 por ciento, combinando el método infiltrativo y el bloqueo de campo. Se consultaron 149 pacientes con nódulos parotídeos, el mayor porcentaje de los cuales correspondió a procesos inflamatorios (68,0 por ciento) y en 29 pacientes (19,0 por ciento) se comprobó la presencia de nódulos neoplásicos. Las complicaciones fueron seroma (3 casos; 33,3 por ciento), hematoma (2 casos; 22,2 por ciento), y 4 pacientes no presentaron complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES. El abordaje quirúrgico con anestesia local probó ser una alternativa válida cuando el cirujano no cuenta con los recursos que convencionalmente se movilizan para el tratamiento quirúrgico de estos casos(AU)

INTRODUCTION. The diseases of the salivary glands occupy an important place among the surgical pathologies of the neck and the head. The aim of this paper was to present the experience of the surgical treatment of benign parotid tumors of the superficial lobule by local anesthesia in Haitian patients attended as part of the Cuban medical collaboration in this country. METHODS. A prospective study was carried out in patients with parotid nodules attended in the Republic of Haiti from 2005 to 2006. According to their nature, the nodules were grouped into inflammatory, neoplastic and others. Local anesthesia with lidocaine 1 percent was used for the surgical treatment, combining the infiltrative method and the field block. 149 patients with parotid nodules were seen. The highest percentage corresponded to inflammatory processes (68.0 percent). The presence of neoplastic nodules was confirmed in 29 patients (19.0 percent). The complications were seroma (3 cases; 33.3 percent) and hematoma (2 cases; 22.2 percent). Four patients did not present complications. CONCLUSIONS. The surgical approach with local anesthesia proved to be a valid alternative when the surgeon does not have the resources that are usually used for the surgical treatment of these cases(AU)

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores malignos del párpado inferior / Results of the surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the lower eyelid

INTRODUCCIÓN. Es objetivo de este trabajo describir el tratamiento quirúrgico de las lesiones malignas localizadas en el párpado inferior, de extensión mayor del 25 por ciento y propagación a los cantos mediales y externo. MÉTODOS. Un equipo multidisciplinario del Hospital «Celia Sánchez Manduley¼ (Manzanillo) realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2006. Se seleccionaron para el estudio 19 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, que fueron valorados previamente por el equipo multidisciplinario, y que dieron su consentimiento informado de participar en la investigación. Se describieron variables como edad, sexo, técnica quirúrgica empleada, localización, resultado anatomopatológico, complicaciones y resultado final. A los pacientes se les daría seguimiento durante un mínimo de 5 años. RESULTADOS. Se encontró un ligero predominio del sexo masculino y de edades por encima de los 50 años. La resección del tumor en cuña, seguida de la reconstrucción por técnica de colgajo de mejilla de Mustardé, fue la técnica de elección. El 79 por ciento de los tumores resultó ser del tipo carcinoma basocelular. La necrosis parcial del colgajo y el hematoma fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes. Los pacientes se han mantenido en consulta de seguimiento, sin recidiva ni persistencia tumoral. CONCLUSIONES. El tratamiento quirúrgico por técnica de Mustardé combinada con otras técnicas y realizado por un equipo multidisciplinario es ideal para la cirugía del cáncer del párpado inferior(AU)

INTRODUCTION. The objective of this paper is to describe the surgical treatment of the malignant lesions localized in the lower eyelid with an extension over 25 percent and propagation to the medial and external edges. METHODS. A multidisciplinary team of «Celia Sánchez Manduley¼ Hospital (Manzanillo) conducted a descriptive and prospective study from January 2001 to December 2006. 19 patients that fulfilled the inclusion criterion were selected for the study. They were previously assessed and they gave their informed consent to take part in the study. Variables such as age, sex, surgical technique used, localization, anatomopathological result, complications and final result were described. Patients will be followed up for at least 5 years. RESULTS. A mild predominance of males and of ages over 50 was found. The wedge resection of the tumor followed by Mustardé's cheek flap reconstruction technique was the elective technique. 79 percent of the tumors proved to be basocellular carcinoma. Partial necropsy of the flap and hematoma were the most frequent complications. The patients have been followed up without relapse or tumoral resistance. CONCLUSIONS. The surgical treatment by Mustardé's technique combined with other techniques carried out by a multidisciplinary team is ideal for the surgery of lower eyelid cancer(AU)