ABSTRACT
In addition to the biological and economic consequences, the pandemic caused by COVID-19 has generated changes in the way we see ourselves and relate to others and to society. Some factors such as social isolation, feelings of estrangement in situations of social interaction, feelings of unpredictability and vulnerability in the face of increasing awareness of our finiteness and the lack of control over events have generated impacts on mental health. Based on the mentioned context, this study aimed to discuss the possible contributions of Positive Psychology as a strategy for maintaining mental health. Studies point to the importance of mapping individual capacities and strengths so that positive strategies for overcoming critical events are outlined. In the workspace, relationships of help and organizational support, which demonstrate compassion, honesty, respect and trust with alignment of organizational purposes to individual ones, are strategies for the preservation of mental health in times of pandemic.
Além das consequências biológicas e econômicas, a pandemia causada pela COVID-19 tem gerado modificações na maneira como nos vemos e nos relacionamos com os outros e com a sociedade. Alguns fatores como o isolamento social, as sensações de estranhamento em situações de convívio social, os sentimentos de imprevisibilidade e vulnerabilidade frente à ampliação da consciência da finitude e da falta de controle tem gerado impactos na saúde mental. A partir do contexto mencionado objetiva-se discutir sobre as possíveis contribuições da Psicologia Positiva como estratégia de manutenção da saúde mental. Pesquisas apontam para a importância de mapear capacidades e forças individuais para que sejam traçadas estratégias positivas de superação em eventos críticos. No espaço de trabalho, as relações de ajuda e suporte organizacional, que demonstrem compaixão, honestidade, respeito e confiança com alinhamento dos propósitos organizacionais aos individuais, são estratégias para a preservação da saúde mental das pessoas, em tempos de pandemia.
Además de las consecuencias biológicas y económicas, la pandemia causada por COVID-19 ha generado cambios en la forma en que nos vemos y nos relacionamos con los demás y con la sociedade. Algunos factores como el aislamiento social, sentimientos de extrañamiento en situaciones de interacción social, sentimientos de imprevisibilidad, vulnerabilidad y fragilidad ante la creciente conciencia de nuestra finitud y la falta de control han generado impactos en la salud mental. A partir del contexto mencionado, el objetivo discutir las posibles contribuciones de la Psicología Positiva como estrategia para mantener la salud mental. La investigación apunta a la importancia de mapear las capacidades y fortalezas individuales para que se delineen estrategias positivas para superar eventos críticos. En el espacio de trabajo, las relaciones de ayuda y apoyo organizacional, que demuestran compasión, honestidad, respeto confianza con alineación de los propósitos organizacionales a los individuales, son estrategias para la preservación de la salud mental de las personas, en tiempos de pandemia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Health , Psychology, Positive , Physical Distancing , COVID-19/psychology , Work/psychology , Workplace , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Abstract The aim was to test the null-hypothesis that there is no difference in the cumulative survival rate of retained composite resin (CR) sealants and a high-viscosity glass-ionomer Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) sealant in first permanent molars calculated according to the traditional and the modified retention assessment criteria over a period of 3 years. This cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial consisted of 123 schoolchildren, 6–7-years-old. At baseline, high-caries risk pits and fissures of fully erupted first permanent molars were treated with CR and ART sealants. Evaluations were performed after 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 years. Retention was scored for free-smooth surface and for each of three sections into which the occlusal surface had been divided. The modified criterion differed from the traditional in that it determined an occlusal sealant to be a failure when at least one section contained no visible sealant material. Data were analysed according to the PHREG model with frailty correction, Wald-test, ANOVA and t-test, using the Jackknife procedure. The cumulative survival rates for retained CR and ART sealants in free-smooth and occlusal surfaces for both criteria were not statistically significantly different over the 3 years. A higher percentage of retained CR sealants on occlusal surfaces was observed at longer evaluations. Cumulative survival rates were statistically significantly lower for the modified criterion in comparison to the traditional. The modified retention assessment criterion should be used in future sealant-retention studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Pit and Fissure Sealants/therapeutic use , Composite Resins/therapeutic use , Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment/methods , Glass Ionomer Cements/therapeutic use , Surface Properties , Time Factors , Viscosity , Survival Analysis , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Dental Prosthesis Retention , Risk Assessment , Dental Restoration Failure , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dentin/drug effects , MolarABSTRACT
To analyze the association of maternal breastfeeding time with the introduction of non-nutritive sucking habits in children attending the Baby Clinic at the Araçatuba College of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita. Interviews were conducted with the parents/legal guardians of 228 children, with the aim of obtaining information about the period of natural breastfeeding, the presence of non-nutritive sucking habits and the duration of the habit. A descriptive analysis of the results was performed. It was found that 42.5% of mothers nursed their children up to 6 months, and exclusive maternal breastfeeding was observed in just 13% of the sample. Amongst the children who were naturally breastfed for a period of more than 6 months, only 32.8% had non-nutritive sucking habits while 67.2% did not. There was an association between the length of natural breastfeeding and acquiring non-nutritive sucking habits. The habit of sucking on a pacifier was extremely prevalent in babies that only received maternal breastfeeding in the first six months of life. All of the children that were breastfed for only six months made use of a feeding bottle to complement their diet, showing that feeding bottles are still frequently used.
Analisar a associação do tempo de aleitamento materno na instalação de hábitos de sucção não nutritiva em crianças atendidas na Bebê Clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os pais/responsáveis de 228 crianças, com o objetivo de obter informações sobre o período da amamentação natural, presença de hábito de sucção não nutritiva e duração do hábito. A análise dos resultados foi realizada de maneira descritiva. Verificou-se que 42,5% das mães amamentaram seus filhos até os 6 meses, sendo que o aleitamento materno exclusivo foi observado em apenas 13% da amostra. Dentre as crianças que receberam amamentação natural por período superior a 6 meses, apenas 32,8% tiveram hábito de sucção não nutritiva e 67,2% não apresentaram esse hábito. Houve associação entre o tempo de aleitamento natural e a aquisição de hábitos de sucção não nutritiva. Observou-se alta prevalência de hábito de sucção de chupeta nos bebês que tiveram o aleitamento materno apenas nos seis primeiros meses de vida. Todas as crianças que tiveram aleitamento materno até os seis meses de idade fizeram o uso de mamadeira como complementação alimentar, mostrando que ainda há grande frequência do uso de mamadeira.
ABSTRACT
With the objectives of dengue prevention, health promotion, and action-based research, two experiments were conducted in pilot areas of Buenos Aires and Vicente López, Argentina. In each area, community, government, and non-governmental references were identified. The study included an entomological survey (with ovitraps), environmental survey (with field observations, interviews, and workshops), and social survey (using questionnaires, interviews, and meetings). Spaces for dialogue and collaboration were developed with the community, thereby spawning participatory activities and empowerment. Environmental reordering and reduction of mosquito breeding sites were promoted by: incorporation of environmental issues and vector-borne disease prevention into the school curricula; neighborhood workshops; training of environmental agents to transmit information and train peers; and planning community environmental projects. The households were visited, seeking to integrate the residents into their own community environmental diagnosis. There were significant differences between the pilot areas in knowledge and social practices, but not according to socioeconomic status. The schools and health promotion settings proved to be the main community reference for promoting healthy environmental practices.
Con objetivos de prevención de dengue, promoción de la salud e investigación-acción se desarrollaron dos experiencias en zonas piloto de Buenos Aires y Vicente López. En cada zona se identificaron referentes comunitarios, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. Se realizó un diagnóstico entomológico (mediante ovitrampas), ambiental (con observaciones en terreno, encuestas y talleres), y social (utilizando cuestionarios, entrevistas y reuniones). Se construyeron espacios de diálogo y trabajo conjunto con la comunidad, generando acciones participativas y empoderamiento. Se fomentó el ordenamiento ambiental y la reducción de criaderos de mosquitos a través de incorporación de temas ambientales y prevención de enfermedades vectoriales a los currícula escolares; talleres vecinales de difusión; capacitación de promotoras ambientales para transmitir información y para capacitar a pares; planificación de proyectos ambientales de la comunidad. Se entró en los domicilio, buscando integrar a sus habitantes en el diagnóstico ambiental propio y comunitario. Se registraron diferencias significativas entre conocimientos y prácticas sociales, para ambas zonas piloto, pero no por nivel socioeconómico. Las escuelas y los entornos de promoción de salud resultaron ser los principales referentes comunitarios para fomentar prácticas ambientales saludables.
Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Aedes/growth & development , Dengue/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion/methods , Insect Vectors/growth & development , Mosquito Control/methods , Argentina , Community Participation , Dengue/transmission , Health Education , Local Government , Risk , School Health ServicesABSTRACT
The object of the present work was to identify the larval habitats of Culex eduardoi and to determine the microenvironmental conditions related to their presence in different artificial freshwater environments (temporary, semi-permanent, irrigation ditches, and drainage ditches) in tillable areas of Chubut Province, Argentina. This report represents the first record of Cx. eduardoi from this Province and extends its range to latitude 45°S. Immature stages of Cx. eduardoi were found in 8 out of 109 (7.3 percent) freshwater habitats and were significantly more prevalent in semi-permanent water bodies. Positive sites had significantly larger surface areas and more vegetation cover than negative sites.