Linear setting expansion of different gypsum products

Introduction:Stone casts are used in dentistry to allow the confection of indirect restorations. Thus, gypsum dimensional stability is fundamental in order to achieve a precise fit between dental structure and restorative material.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hygroscopic linear expansion of commercially available gypsum products. Material and methods: Fifteen dental stones were analyzed (4 type II, 5 type III, 4 type IV and 2 type V), with n = 5. One hundred grams of each gypsum product were mixed following the respective manufacturers' recommendations for powder/water ratio and poured into a V-shape mold, connected to an expansion-measuring device. The hygroscopic expansion was evaluated during 120 min and the collected data was converted into percentage and compared to initial dimensions of the specimen. Results: All type II and V dental stones showed expansion values compatible to the ADA and ISO recommendations. Considering type III stones, only Rutenium 3 was compatible with the recommendations. For type IV, only Durone IV showed expansion values higher than that recommended by ADA, but lower than that of ISO recommendations.Conclusion: The hygroscopic linear expansion of gypsum products should be periodically controlled in order to ensure their precision and reliability to dental practice.

Abrasive wear of two glass ionomer cements after simulated toothbrushing

Introduction and objective: Glass ionomer cement, which was first introduced in Dentistry in 1972, presents good qualities such as aesthetics, fluoride release and adhesion to dental tissues. Because of its preventive characteristics regarding to dental caries, glass ionomer cement has been used for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), as reported by Frencken and Holmgren 6, meeting the principles announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) for application to large population groups without regular access to dental care. Material and methods: In this present study, the abrasive wear strength of two glass-ionomer cements (Vidrion R® and ChemFlex®) was evaluated through toothbrushing machine. Classic® toothbrushes with soft bristles and Sorriso® dentifrice were also used for the study. Results: Student-t test showed significant difference between both groups, with tobs value = 9.4411 at p < 0.05. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the wear rate caused by toothbrush/dentifrice was higher for Vidrion R® (52.00 mg) than ChemFlex® (5.57 mg).

Desgaste abrasivo de uma resina composta, através de três diferentes métodos (disco retificado, escovação e nanodurômetro) / Abrasive wear of a composite resin, using three different methods (ground disc, toothbrushing and nanodurometer)

Neste estudo, foi avaliada a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de uma resina composta, através de três diferentes métodos: do disco retificado, por escovação e do nanodurômetro. Nos dois primeiros métodos, foram utilizados 20 espécimes da resina Filtek Z250 (10 da cor Incisal e 10 da cor C4, ambos fotopolimerizados por 30 segundos cada) e 10 de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), atuando estes últimos como padrão de referência. Para os ensaios com o nanodurômetro, foi utilizado apenas um espécime de cada cor, assim como um único de PMMA, em cujas superfícies planas foram efetuadas sete medições, o que foi considerado equivalente a sete espécimes. No método do disco retificado, cada espécime de resina composta era confeccionado diretamente numa cavidade semicircular, localizada na periferia de um disco-suporte; os espécimes de PMMA consistiam em discos constituídos exclusivamente por este material; o desgaste de cada espécime era promovido por um disco de porcelana e seu conseqüente deslocamento era detectado por um palpador; assim, a taxa de desgaste era estabelecida, expressa em milímetros cúbicos por newton por segundo (mm3/N.s). No método de escovação, cada espécime cilíndrico ficava preso numa placa metálica, a qual era fixada no interior da máquina de escovação; sua perda de massa (em miligramas) era verificada através de uma balança analítica. No método do nanodurômetro, existiu apenas um espécime ci líndrico para cada condição, em cuja face plana superior eram feitos sete sulcos (equivalentes a sete espécimes); o coeficiente de atrito permitia estabelecer a respectiva resistência ao desgaste. Para cada método utilizado, os dados foram tratados estatisticamente, através de análise de variância (ANOVA) e de teste de Tukey. Pôde-se concluir que, através do disco retificado, a taxa de desgaste (em mm3/N.s) dos materiais foi: Incisal (0,6807) > C4 (0,5012) > PMMA (0,1439); que, através da escovação, a taxa de desgaste (em mg) foi de 5,40 para...

Abrasive wear of a composite resin, using three different methods (ground disc, toothbrushing and nanodurometer). The aim at this study was to evaluate the resistance to abrasive wear of a composite resin, using three different methods: ground disc, toothbrushing and nanodurometer. At the first two methods were employed 20 specimens of Filtek Z250 composite resin (10 of Incisal and 10 of C4, both the colors cured for 30 seconds each one) and 10 of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), the latter acting as a reference standard. For the tests with the nanodurometer it was used only one specimen of each color, as well as just one of PMMA, in whose flat surfaces seven measurements were made, what was considered equivalent to seven specimens. At the ground disc method, each composite resin specimen was directly made on a semicircular cavity located on the periphery of a supporting disc; PMMA specimens consisted of discs made up exclusively with this material; the wear of each specimen was promoted by a ceramic disc and its consequent displacement was detected by a sensor; thus, the wear rate was established, expressed in cubic millimeters per newton per second (mm3/N.s). At the toothbrushing method, each cylindrical specimen was trapped in a metal plate, which was fixed inside the machine brushing; its weight loss (in milligrams) was verified by an analytical balance. At the nanodurometer method, there was only one cylindrical specimen for each condition, in whose flat upper face seven grooves were made (what was equivalent to seven specimens); the coefficient of friction was used to establish its wear resistance. For each method, data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. It could be concluded that, by ground disc method, materials wear rate (in mm3/N.s) was Incisal (0.6807) > C4 (0.5012) > PMMA (0.1439); by brushing method, materials wear rate (in mg) was 5.40 for Incisal, 9.35 for C4 and 5.88 for PMMA, without significant difference...

Resistência à tração de coroas de NiCr cimentadas sobre munhões de liga de titânio, com 4 diferentes tipos de cimentos / Tensile strength of NiCr crowns cemented upon usinated titanium alloy abutments with 4 different types of cements

Neste trabalho de resistência à tração foi avaliada a eficiência de 4 agentes cimentantes (fosfato de zinco S. S. White, ionômero de vidro Ketac Cem Easymix, resina composta/ionômero de vidro RelyX Luting 2 e resina acrílica especial Panavia 21 TC) usados para fixar coroas totais de NiCr a munhões tronco-cônicos, usinados em liga de Ti-6Al-4V. Foram utilizados 40 munhões, distribuídos em grupos de 10, para cada material. Os ensaios mecânicos foram realizados em uma máquina universal MTS 810, na velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. A respectiva Análise de Variância (ANOVA) apontou existir diferença significante entre os grupos e o teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) também mostrou diferenças significantes entre eles, exceto nas comparações fosfato versus RelyX e fosfato versus Ketac Cem. O melhor desempenho foi apresentado pela resina Panavia 21 (1.127,996 N); a resina composta/ionômero de vidro RelyX (478,197 N) mostrou comportamento similar apenas ao do fosfato (430,662 N), o qual apresentou desempenho semelhante ao ionômero de vidro Ketac Cem (227,705 N).

In this work of tensile strength was evaluated the efficacy of 4 cements (S. S. White zinc phoshate, Ketac Cem Easymix glass ionomer, RelyX Luting 2 composite resin/glass ionomer and Panavia 21 TC special acrylic resin) used to fix NiCr crowns to usinated titanium alloy abutments. Were used 40 abutments distributed in groups of 10 elements, to each material. The mechanical essays were developed at a MTS 810 universal machine, adjusted to a 0.5 mm/m velocity. The ANOVA applied to data pointed out the existence of significant differences between groups; the subsequent Tukeyïs test (p<0.05) also detected significant differences, except at comparisons of phosphate versus RelyX and phosphate versus Ketac Cem. The better performance was presented by Panavia 21 (1,127.996 N); RelyX (478.197 N) showed itself similar only to phosphate (430.662 N), wich had a performance similar to that of Ketac Cem (227.705 N).

Cimentação de coroas com fosfato de zinco sobre munhões de liga de titânio, irradiados ou não por laser / Cimentation of crowns with fosfat of zinc on abutments of titanium alloy, radiated or not for laser

Por meio de tração, coroas totais de NiCr foram removidas de munhões pré-fabricados, compostos por uma liga de Ti6Al-4V. Num total de 20 munhões, 10 foram usados com sua superfície original e 10 com sua superfície modificada por laser, ambos cimentados com fosfato do zinco. O teste mecânico foi executado em uma máquina universal MTS 810 ajustada a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. A análise estatística foi feita pelo teste de Levene, o qual mostrou homogeneidade de variâncias entre os grupos (F = 2,21; p < 0,1). O subsequente teste "t" de Student mostrou haver diferenças significantes entre os grupos. A modificação da superfície dos munhões através do laser causou um aumento na resistência à tração das coroas cimentadas com fosfato de zinco, de 430,66 para 1.514,87 N.

By means of tensile strength, NiCr total crowns were removed from machine-made conical abutments composed by an Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In a total of 20 abutments, 10 were used with it surface presenting high smoothness and 10 abutments had its surfaces modified by laser both cemented with zinc phosphate. The mechanical test was performed at a MTS 810 universal machine adjusted to a speed of 0.5 mm/m. The statistical analysis was done by Levene's test, which showed homogeneity of variances among groups (F =2.21; p < 0.1). "Student t test" showed that significant differences were found between groups. The modification of the abutment surface through laser caused an increase in pull-out resistance of crowns cemented with zinc phosphate from 430.66 N to 1.514,87 N.

Effect of cervical relining of acrylic resin copings on the accuracy of stone dies obtained using a polyether impression material

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the respective dies after polyether elastomeric procedure in the presence or absence of cervical contact of the acrylic resin shell with the cervical region, establishing a comparison to dies obtained with stock trays. This study consisted of three groups with 10 specimens each: 1) acrylic copings without cervical contact, (cn); 2) acrylic copings with cervical contact (cc); 3) perforated stock tray, (st). The accuracy of the resulting dies was verified with the aid of a master crown, precisely fit to the master steel die. ANOVA test found statistically significant differences among groups (p<0.001). Tukey's test found that the smallest discrepancy occurred in group cn, followed by cc, while the st group presented the highest difference (cc x cn: p=0.007; st x cn: p<0.001; st x cc: p<0.001).

Desgaste dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro Vidrion R e ChemFlex™, promovido pelos dentifrícios infantis Tandy a Baby Barney™ em máquina de escovação / Wear of Vidrion R and ChemFlex™ glass ionomer cements, promoted by children's dentifrices Tandy and Baby Barney in a tooth-brushing machine

O cimento de ionômero de vidro, material freqüentemente utilizado na Odontologia devido à sua propriedade anticariogênica, tem aplicação especial na Saúde Pública, no denominado Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo, promovido por meio de uma máquina de escovação, de dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro, o Vidrion R e o ChemFlex™, dos quais o primeiro é nacional e tem menor custo. Os cremes dentifrícios utilizados foram o Baby Barney™ e o Tandy, ambos indicados para crianças por seu fabricante brasileiro. As escovas dentais, consideradas infantis, eram do modelo Classic, com cerdas macias, do mesmo fabricante dos dentifrícios. A análise de variância e o subseqüente teste deTukey aplicados aos valores obtidos permitiram constatar a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significantes, (1) com o ChemFlex™ tendo sofrido desgaste semelhante quando escovado com qualquer dos dois dentifrícios, enquanto o Vidrion R apresentou desgaste maior quando escovado com Tandy, e (2) com o dentifrício Baby Barney™ tendo desgastado de forma semelhante ambos os ionômeros analisados, enquanto o Tandy desgastou mais o Vidrion R.