Biological Implication of Chimeric RNAs in Cancer / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Chimeric RNA is a fusion transcript composed of exons from two or more different genes and generated by chromosome rearrangement or RNA splicing. Chimeric RNAs have the potential to encode novel proteins or function as non-coding RNAs. Chimeric RNAs were ubiquitously expressed across different cancers and normal tissues. To date, mechanistic and functional studies of chimeric RNAs still remain unclear. Precise definition and terminology in the research field of chimeric RNA will be discussed in this review. The formation, classification and clinical significance of chimeric RNAs in cancer progression will be summarized. Previous studies showed that products of chimeric RNAs may play important roles in regulating cell proliferation, motility, invasion and apoptosis through encoded fusion proteins or long non-coding chimeric RNAs. In cancer, chimeric RNA and its encoded specific protein or non-coding RNA can regulate tumorigenesis by changing cell phenotypes or directly affecting gene expression or regulatory pathways, which have the potential to be important diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In recent years, more and more cancer-specific chimeric RNAs have been discovered from multiple types of cancers and used as therapeutic targets due to their vital roles in disease prognosis. Therefore, this review will focus on the functions and applications of chimeric RNAs in different tumors, which can shed a light on cancer diagnosis and therapeutics from the new perspective.

Clinical features and microsurgical reconstruction of congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens with obstructive azoospermia: a tertiary care center experience / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Patients with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) manifest diverse symptoms from normospermia to azoospermia. Treatment for CUAVD patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) is complicated, and there is a lack of relevant reports. In this study, we describe the clinical features and evaluate the treatments and outcomes of CUAVD patients with OA. From December 2015 to December 2020, 33 patients were diagnosed as CUAVD with OA in Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China). Patient information, ultrasound findings, semen analysis, hormone profiles, and treatment information were collected, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated. Of 33 patients, 29 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Vasoepididymostomy (VE) or cross VE was performed in 12 patients, the patency rate was 41.7% (5/12), and natural pregnancy was achieved in one of the patients. The other 17 patients underwent testicular sperm extraction as the distal vas deferens (contralateral side) was obstructed. These findings showed that VE or cross VE remains an alternative treatment for CUAVD patients with OA, even with a relatively low rate of patency and natural pregnancy.

The Formation Mechanism and Functional Implication of Chimeric RNAs / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Traditionally, chimeric RNA is thought to be generated by chromosome rearrangement, and its products (RNAs and proteins) were once considered as unique features of cancer. However, with the advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies and the development of bioinformatics software tools, increasing numbers of chimeric RNAs are being identified from various RNA-Seq database. Recently, numerous chimeric RNAs were discovered in human normal tissues and cell lines, with physiological functions. Besides chromosome rearrangement, chimeric RNAs are formed by different molecular mechanisms, including trans-splicing, cis-splicing of adjacent genes. Chimeric RNAs, without chromosomal changes, are regulated at the transcriptional level, and they show specific physiological functions and regulation patterns. Their dysregulation may induce cell differentiation and tumorogenisis. In addition, chimeric RNAs also play roles in normal cell growth and/or migration, cell cycle and apoptosis, induce genomic aberration by influencing chromosome rearrangement, act as potential competitive endogenous RNA, and influence stem cell differentiation. The expression of chimeric RNAs in specific tissues and cell development stages has the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Histological mapping studies can improve the specificity of treatment for unique cell types, and the chimeric RNA provides a new perspective to achieve this goal. The widespread existence of chimeric RNAs suggests that they may extend the diversity of genomes in human and higher animals.

Influence of Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Myocardial Injury after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This study aimed to examine the effects of microcirculatory dysfunction and 654-1 intervention after cardiopulmonary resuscitation on myocardial injury.@*Methods@#Landrace pigs were divided into a sham operation group (S group, n= 6), ventricular fibrillation control group (VF-C group, n= 8) and 654-1 intervention group (VF-I group, n= 8). Hemodynamics was recorded at baseline, at recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h thereafter. Sidestream dark field (SDF) technology was used to evaluate and monitor the microcirculation flow index, total vessel density, perfusion vessel ratio, De-Backer score, and perfusion vessel density in animal viscera at various time points.@*Results@#After administration of 654-1 at 1.5 h post-ROSC, the hemodynamics in the VF-I group, as compared with the VF-C group, was significantly improved. The visceral microcirculation detected by SDF was also significantly improved in the VF-I group. As observed through electron microscopy, significantly less myocardial tissue injury was present in the VF-I group than the VF-C group.@*Conclusion@#Administration of 654-1 inhibited excessive inflammatory by improving the state of visceral microcirculation.

Involvement of Opioid Peptides in the Analgesic Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain / 神经科学通报·英文版

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS)-induced analgesia was characterized, and its underlying mechanisms were examined in a spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. The analgesic effect of SCS with moderate mechanical hypersensitivity was increased with increasing stimulation intensity between the 20% and 80% motor thresholds. Various frequencies (2, 15, 50, 100, 10000 Hz, and 2/100 Hz dense-dispersed) of SCS were similarly effective. SCS-induced analgesia was maintained without tolerance within 24 h of continuous stimulation. SCS at 2 Hz significantly increased methionine enkephalin content in the cerebrospinal fluid. The analgesic effect of 2 Hz was abolished by μ or κ opioid receptor antagonist. The effect of 100 Hz was prevented by a κ antagonist, and that of 10 kHz was blocked by any of the μ, δ, or κ receptor antagonists, suggesting that the analgesic effect of SCS at different frequencies is mediated by different endorphins and opioid receptors.

Peripheral zone PSA density: a predominant variable to improve prostate cancer detection efficiency in men with PSA higher than 4 ng ml / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

To improve the diagnostic efficiency of prostate cancer (PCa) and reduce unnecessary biopsies, we defined and analyzed the diagnostic efficiency of peripheral zone prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PZ-PSAD). Patients who underwent systematic 12-core prostate biopsies in Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China) between January 2012 and January 2018 were retrospectively identified (n = 529). Another group of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 100) were randomly preselected to obtain the PSA density of the non-PCa cohort (N-PSAD). Prostate volumes and transition zone volumes were measured using multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and were combined with PSA and N-PSAD to obtain the PZ-PSAD from a specific algorithm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the PCa detection efficiency in patients stratified by PSA level, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PZ-PSAD was higher than that of PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and transition zone PSA density (TZ-PSAD). PZ-PSAD could amend the diagnosis for more than half of the patients with inaccurate transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and mpMRI results. When TRUS and mpMRI findings were ambiguous to predict PCa (PIRADS score ≤3), PZ-PSAD could increase the positive rate of biopsy from 21.7% to 54.7%, and help 63.8% (150/235) of patients avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy. In patients whose PSA was 4.0-10.0 ng ml

Correlation of circulating tumor DNA EGFR mutation levels with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for non-invasive epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (EGFRm) detection in lung cancer patients, but existing methods have limitations in sensitivity and availability. In this study, we used the ΔCt value (mutant cycle threshold [Ct] value-internal control Ct value) generated during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to convert super-amplification-refractory mutation system (superARMS) from a qualitative method to a semi-quantitative method named reformed-superARMS (R-superARMS), and evaluated its performance in detecting EGFRm in plasma ctDNA in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.@*METHODS@#A total of 41 pairs of tissues and plasma samples were obtained from lung adenocarcinoma patients who had known EGFRm in tumor tissue and were previously untreated. EGFRm in ctDNA was identified by using superARMS. Through making use of ΔCt value generated during the detection process of superARMS, we indirectly transform this qualitative detection method into a semi-quantitative PCR detection method, named R-superARMS. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data were performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables.@*RESULTS@#The concordance rate of EGFRm in tumor tissues and matched plasma samples was 68.3% (28/41). At baseline, EGFRm-positive patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off ΔCt value of EGFRm set at 8.11. A significant difference in the median OS (mOS) between the two groups was observed (EGFRm ΔCt ≤8.11 vs. >8.11: not reached vs. 11.0 months; log-rank P = 0.024). Patients were divided into mutation clearance (MC) group and mutation incomplete clearance (MIC) group according to whether the ΔCt value of EGFRm test turned negative after 1 month of treatment. We found that there was also a significant difference in mOS (not reached vs. 10.4 months; log-rank P = 0.021) between MC group and MIC group. Although there was no significant difference in PFS between the two groups, the two curves were separated and the PFS of MC group tended to be higher than the MIC group (not reached vs. 27.5 months; log-rank P = 0.088). Furthermore, EGFRm-positive patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off of the changes in ΔCt value of EGFRm after 1 month of treatment, which was set at 4.89. A significant difference in the mOS between the two groups was observed (change value of ΔCt >4.89 vs. ≤4.89: not reached vs. 11.0 months; log-rank P = 0.014).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Detecting EGFRm in ctDNA using R-superARMS can identify patients who are more likely sensitive to targeted therapy, reflect the molecular load of patients, and predict the therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes of patients.

Research progress and analysis on mechanism of polysaccharides against type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国中药杂志

Polysaccharides are macromolecular compounds formed by more than 10 monosaccharide molecules linked by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides have a wide range of sources, high safety and low toxicity, with a variety of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, immune regulation, lowering blood glucose, and lowering blood lipids. Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and low inflammation. In recent years, the treatment of T2 DM with polysaccharide has become a research hotspot. Polysaccharides can not only make up for the side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal injury caused by long-term treatment of acarbose, biguanidine and sulfonylurea, but also play an effective role in reducing glucose by regulating glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, intestinal flora, etc. In this paper, the research progress of polysaccharides in the treatment of T2 DM was reviewed. In addition, the hot spots such as the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides with structural modifications were summarized, providing theoretical guidance for the development of active polysaccharide hypoglycemic medicines and the further study of action mechanism.

Responses of Primary Afferent Fibers to Acupuncture-Like Peripheral Stimulation at Different Frequencies: Characterization by Single-Unit Recording in Rats / 神经科学通报·英文版

The pain-relieving effect of acupuncture is known to involve primary afferent nerves (PANs) via their roles in signal transmission to the CNS. Using single-unit recording in rats, we characterized the generation and transmission of electrical signals in Aβ and Aδ fibers induced by acupuncture-like stimuli. Acupuncture-like signals were elicited in PANs using three techniques: manual acupuncture (MAc), emulated acupuncture (EAc), and electro-acupuncture (EA)-like peripheral electrical stimulation (PES). The discharges evoked by MAc and EAc were mostly in a burst pattern with average intra-burst and inter-burst firing rates of 90 Hz and 2 Hz, respectively. The frequency of discharges in PANs was correlated with the frequency of PES. The highest discharge frequency was 246 Hz in Aβ fibers and 180 Hz in Aδ fibers. Therefore, EA in a dense-disperse mode (at alternating frequency between 2 Hz and 15 Hz or between 2 Hz and 100 Hz) best mimics MAc. Frequencies of EA output >250 Hz appear to be obsolete for pain relief.

Clinical features and laboratory data analysis of Aeromonas bacteremia with hematological diseases / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical and laboratory features of Aeromonas bacteremia in patients with hematological diseases, and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of Aeromonas infection. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with bloodstream infection of Aeromonas in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 was carried out. The clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, infection seasons, antimicrobial therapy and evolution were analyzed. Results: A total of 42 patients with hematological diseases had Aeromonas bloodstream infection within 5 years. Among them, 39 cases (92.9%) of bloodstream infection occurred in the stage of neutropenia. The median time of fever was 4 (1-27) d, 22 (52.4%) patients only had fever, 6 (14.3%) with gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, upper gastrointestinal bleeding) , 8 (19.0%) with pulmonary infection, 13 (31.0%) with skin and soft tissue infections. Seven patients (16.7%) died with skin and soft tissue infection. The resistance of Aeromonas to carbapenems was 68.3%-70.7%, while the resistance rate to cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides were less than 10%. Conclusions: Aeromonas bacteremia in patients with hematological diseases mainly occur in the neutropenia stage, usually with symptom like fever. The mortality is increased when accompanied by skin and soft tissue infection. Antibiotic use should be based on susceptibility results, and avoid the use of carbapenems.

Efficacy of restrictive bare stent in the treatment of acute Standford type A aortic dissection / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To observe the efficacy of restrictive bare stent released on the distal end of the trunk of Standford type A aortic dissection. Methods     The clinical data of 22 patients with Standford type A aortic dissection requiring aortic arch replacement and trunk surgery and selected for restrictive bare stent placement from November 2016 to February 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 19 males and 3 females, aged 34-68 (49.72±8.05) years. The bare stent was released in the descending thoracic aorta, and the stented elephant trunk was placed in the bare stent. The aortic computerized tomography angiography was reviewed before discharge and the stent position and complications were observed. Results    One patient failed to be implanted with bare stents due to a greater resistance and prolapse during implantation. Bare stents were successfully implanted in the remaining 21 patients. One patient died of large-area cerebral infarction after surgery and one patient suffered paraplegia. Twenty patients who survived and successfully implanted bare stents were followed up at regular intervals for 4-21 (13.00±6.14) months. No stroke or death occurred during the follow-up. The computerized tomography angiography showed good stent morphology and position, and no displacement or type Ⅲ endoleak. No stent graft-induced new entry was found. Conclusion    As an adjunct to stented elephant trunk, the use of restrictive bare stents can reduce the possibility of recurrence of a distal stent fracture, significantly expand the narrowest segment and true lumen caliber near the endoluminal graft. Aortic remodeling works well.

Characteristic fingerprint and multi-components quantitative determination for Fuke Qianjin Capsules by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

To establish an HPLC characteristic fingerprint method of Fuke Qianjin Capsules,and determine the contents of its main components. The analysis was carried out on a Kromasil 100-5-C18 analytical column(4. 6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm) with gradient elution by acetonitrile(A)-0. 1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B),a flow rate at 1. 0 m L·min-1 and the detection wavelength of 254 nm.The column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μL. The determination method of genistin,jatrorrhizine,andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide index components were studied methodologically. The common mode of the characteristic fingerprint of Fuke Qianjin Capsules was set up with 8 common peaks,which were identified as genistin,jatrorrhizine,palmatine,berberine,andrographolide,14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide,Z-ligustilide,and Z-3-butylidenephthalide,respectively,in comparison with the references. The similarities of 20 batches of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples were above 0. 95. All of the above-mentioned 4 analytes could be well separated under the optimized chromatographic conditions. RSD of precision and repeatability experiment were both less than 1. 5%,and the sample solution was stable during 72 h. All of the compounds had a good linearity and linear range. The contents of genistin,jatrorrhizine,andrographolide,and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide in 20 batches of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples were 28. 66-56. 04,94. 77-197. 92,1 705. 33-4 148. 93 and 462. 16-1 225. 96 μg in each capsule,respectively. The developed HPLC characteristic fingerprint and quantitative analysis methods were reliable,accurate and sensitive,and could be used effectively evaluate the quality of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples.

Comparison of diagnostic efficacy between transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsy: A propensity score-matched study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy (TRBx) and transperineal prostate biopsy (TPBx) in patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). We enrolled 2962 men who underwent transrectal (n = 1216) or transperineal (n = 1746) systematic 12-core prostate biopsy. Clinical data including age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate volume (PV) were recorded. To minimize confounding, we performed propensity score-matching analysis. We measured and compared PCa detection rates between TRBx and TPBx, which were stratified by clinical characteristics and Gleason scores. The effects of clinical characteristics on PCa detection rate were assessed by logistic regression. For all patients, TPBx detected a higher proportion of clinically significant PCa (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses illustrated that PV had a smaller impact on PCa detection rate of TPBx compared with TRBx. Propensity score-matching analysis showed that the detection rates in TRBx were higher than those in TPBx for patients aged >- 80 years (80.4% vs 56.5%, P = 0.004) and with PSA level 20.1-100.0 ng ml-1 (80.8% vs 69.1%, P = 0.040). In conclusion, TPBx was associated with a higher detection rate of clinically significant PCa than TRBx was; however, because of the high detection rate at certain ages and PSA levels, biopsy approaches should be optimized according to patents' clinical characteristics.

Perianal swabs surveillance cultures of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) can be hints for CRE bloodstream infection in patients with hematological diseases / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the hints role of surveillance cultures of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) by perianal swabs in patients with hematological diseases, and seek risk factors of CRE bloodstream infection. Methods: The resistance of CRE from 2 914 patients with hematological diseases who cultured perianal swabs, CRE bloodstream infection and risk factors were analyzed during January 2016 to December 2017. Results: In this study, perianal swabs from 2 914 patients with hematological diseases were cultured, 74 patients were CRE positive, and bloodstream infection with CRE was found in 13 of these patients. A total of 87 CRE strains were isolated (The same patient only keep the first one for the same location), including 31 Klebsiella pheuminiae, 43 Escherichia coli, 8 Enterobacter cloacae and 6 other Enterobacteriaceae. The resistance rates to piperacillin / tazobactam, imipenem, meropenam, amikacin, levofloxacin, tigecycline were 91.9%, 74.4%, 98.8%, 17.6%, 74.4% and 8.0%, respectively. Resistance to carbapenem, aminoglycoside, quinolones and tegacycline were highly consistent between two sites from 13 patients, whose both perianal swabs and blood were positive in CRE cultures. Febrile neutropenic time, digestive tract symptoms and perianal infection were independent risk factors for bloodstream infection in patients with perianal swabs positive results, the odds ratios (OR) were 1.10 (P=0.029), 1.13 (P=0.005) and 1.23 (P=0.016), respectively. Conclusion: Perianal swabs surveillance cultures of CRE can be hints for CRE bloodstream infection in patients with hematological diseases, and also can provide suggestions for antibiotics. Long time of febrile neutropenic, digestive tract symptoms and perianal infection can be the early warning for CRE bloodstream infections.

miR-128 affects biological behavior of breast cancer cells through the targeting of RECK / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the biological behavior of breast cancer cells induced by miR-128 targeting RECK and its possible mechanism.Methods The expression of miR-128 in cell lines and transfection efficiency of lentiviral were detected by Western blot.Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of miR-128 on the apoptosis of breast cancer cells.The dual luciferase assay was used to detect the in-teraction of miR-128 and RECK in breast cancer cells.Flow cytometry was used to detect the reversal effect of RECK on miR-128 in the cell cycle and colony formation of breast cancer cells.Results The expression of miR-128 in MCF-7 cells was 3.05 times that of NC cells,and the lentiviral transfection efficiency was obvious.miR-128 inhibits the growth of MCF-7 cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell cycle progression.RECK was the direct target of miR-128,and miR-128 directly regulated the expression of RECK.RECK ectopic recovery,miR-128 on breast cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition had also been partially restored.Conclusion miR-128 plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer.It can interact with RECK to regulate the biological behavior of breast cancer cells,which suggests that miR-128 and RECK may be the potential therapeutic targets of breast cancer.

Clostridium perfringens bacteremia with malignant hematopathy:a case report and review of literatures / 中国感染控制杂志

Infection is an important cause of higher mortality in patients with hematological diseases than healthy people, and fever is often the only indication of the disease.Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens)is a grampositive anaerobic bacillus of the Clostridiumgenus, it belongs to the normal flora of the intestinal tract and is not pathogenic in normal condition.However, when intestinal flora is imbalanced due to low hypoimmunity of human body or influenced by such factors as diet, medicine, environment and other factors, it can enter the blood and cause bacteremia.At present, it has never been reported that bacteremia was caused by C.perfringens in patients with malignant hematological diseases accompanied by neutropenia, this article reported the diagnosis and treatment of C. perfringens bloodstream in one patient with malignant hematopathy, so as to provide basis for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

The study on cytokines of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia / 天津医药

Objective To study the cytokine levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods Clinical data of 90 patients with MPP (MPP group), who were admitted to Tianjin Children's Hospital from January to December 2017, were collected in this study. The 90 cases were divided into group A1 (<7 days), group A2 (7-14 d) and group A3 (15-30 d) according to the course of disease on admission, with 30 cases in each group. Children who were without MPP and needed bronchoscopy examination or treatment at the same time were used as the control group (B group). The expression levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Results The serum and BALF levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly in A group compared with those in B group (P<0.05). The highest levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2) were found in Group A1. The highest levels of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-6) were found in Group A2. Conclusion The levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2 are increased significantly in the disease course of < 7 days. In the disease course of 7 to 14 days, the IL-4 and IL-6 are elevated significantly. Our data suggest that these cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of MPP.

Textual research on origin and genuine of Lilii Bulbus / 中国中药杂志

Lilii Bulbus, which comes from many medicinal plants，is a frequently-used traditional Chinese medicine，the records in previous herbal literatures of it's origin and quality were inconstant. To trace back it's sources, we conducted a systematical study on it's origin and quality by textual research and investigation in this paper,The result showed that the origins of Lilii Bulbus are mainly source from white-flowers, red-yellow-flowers and red-flowers of Lilium， L. brownii var. viridulum, which were believed authentic or good quality in all previous herbal literatures,and L. pumilum and L. concolor which belong to white-flowers,and L. lancifolium which belong to red-yellow-flowers were believed low-quality and unfit for medicinal uses, or they were listed below and often have different effect with L. brownii var. viridulum. Among them, only L. concolor does not belong to Lilii Bulbus according to Chinese Pharmacopeia (2015 edition), The mainstream varieties of Lilii Bulbus became L. lancifolium now according to our practical investigation, which were very different from previous herbal literatures. Although chemical and pharmacological studies provided a reference for L. lancifolium，we should respect the actual records of the previous herbal literatures，the research of material foundation of efficacy should be more sufficient，and provide science evidence for clinical application of different species of Lilii Bulbus.

Effect of oxidative stress on the activity of human osteoblastic MG63 cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the morphology and proliferation viability in oxidative stress induced damage in human MG63 cells. @*Methods@# The MG63 cells were treated with superoxide anion (O2.') produced by different concentrations of xanthine/xanthine oxidase enzymatic reactions to establish the model of oxidative stress in MG63 cells, using the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol to observe the reverse effect of oxypurinol on xanthine/xanthine oxidase induced damage in human MG63 cells. Using the flow cytometry, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase induced cellular oxidative stress damage was evaluated by the oxidation⁃sensitive fluorescent probe, the 2’7' dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Cellular viability and morphology was evaluated by the MTT assay and the phase contrast microscope.@*Results @#Xanthine/xanthine oxidase induced intracellular ROS production in a dose and time dependent manner (P < 0.05). The cellular viability was reduced and cellular morphology was damaged, too (P < 0.05). Xanthine/xanthine oxidase induced the damage of the cellular morphology. At the same processing time, the higher the xanthine/xanthine oxidase concentration, the higher intracellular ROS fluorescence intensity value, and the lower OD value, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The intracellular mean ROS fluorescence intensity in xanthine/xanthine oxidase + oxypurinol combined treatment group was significantly lower compared with the same concentration of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (P < 0.05). At the same concentration of xanthine/xanthine oxidase, with the extension of treatment time, the intracellular mean ROS fluorescence intensity gradually increased, the OD value decreased, compared with the control group, the intracellular mean ROS fluorescence intensity of 120 min increased to 345% of the control, was the highest among the xanthine/xanthine oxidase groups. The OD value of 24 h was the 22.9% of the control group, was the lowest among the xanthine/xanthine oxidase groups, cell proliferation activity decreased more obvious. @*Conclusions@#Xanthine/xanthine oxidase could induce oxidative stress damaged the cellular morphology and reduced the cellular viability in MG63 cell lines. The oxypurinol (the inhibitor of xanthine oxidas) could reverse the oxidative stress injury induced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase in human osteoblastic cells.

Investigation of 5-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in Beijing Yanqing hospital / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate 5-year survival after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)in Beijing Yanqing district. Methods A total of 691 STEMI patients admitted to Beijing Yanqing hospital from August 2002 to December 2010 were followed up for as long as 5 years. The end point was all cause death. Five-year survival curve was computed for patients who had received primary percutaneous coronary intervention(pPCI)and patients who had not received pPCI. Predictors of death within 5 years were identified by multivariable cox regression analysis. Results In 691 patient,442 patients(64.0％)had not received pPCI,and 249 patients(36.0％)had received pPCI. The 5-year survival rates were 73.8％ and 93.6％in patients who had not received pPCI and patients who had received pPCI separately. The predictors of death within 5 years in patients who had not received pPCI were female,age,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Killip's class ≥ 2 in hospital,myocardial infarction of anterior wall and not receiving elective PCI,while the predictors in patients who had received pPCI were age and gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusions The 5-year survival rate in patients who had received pPCI was obviously higher than in patients who had not received pPCI. The predictors of death within 5 years were different in the two groups.