ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Nano-silver is a new antibacterial material developed based on nano-technology. It is characterized as stable physical and chemical properties, and good electrical, optical, and catalytic performance, but its antibacterial response to Staphylococcus aureus is controversial. OBJECTIVE:To explore the preparation methods of nano-silver coating on pure titanium surface and to explore its antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS:(1) Preparation of nano-silver coating on the surface of pure titanium: Hydroxyapatite and silver powder as research objects were fully mixed at a ratio of 20:1. The mixture was ball-milled to ensure the formation of nanosized particles. The mixture of hydroxyapatite and silver powder was put into a stirrer for continuous stirring to ensure the uniform distribution. The mixture was then placed in an ethanol solution followed by insertion of a titanium plate (anode) and a stainless steel plate (cathode). The precipitated powder was obtained on the titanium surface at a voltage of 20 V, and the pure titanium surface with nano-silver coating was prepared after heat treatment in a tube resistance furnace. (2) Observation of antibacterial properties: A minimal inhibitory concentration test was used to determine the antibacterial concentration of the nano-silver coating on the pure titanium surface when shaken with Staphylococcus aureus. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the structure of Staphylococcus aureus on the pure titanium surface with nano-silver coatings of different mass concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Nano-silver/hydroxyapatite composite coating and hydroxyapatite coating were relatively uniform. The nano-silver/hydroxyapatite composite coating was white in color but slightly yellowish. The hydroxyapatite coating was white in color. The coating surface was rough and bonded firmly. No peeling of the coating was observed under gross observation. The antibacterial ability of the nano-silver group at 37℃ static culture and at 37℃ shaking culture was significantly higher than that of the hydroxy-apatite group (P<0.05). The absorbance value of Staphylococcus aureus at 600 nm in the nano-silver group was lower than that of hydroxyapatite group at 7, 10, 30 hours after intervention (P<0.05). The layer cells on the nano-silver coating become lighter in color compared with those on the hydroxyapatite coating and there were cells that ruptured and died. The number of Staphylococcus aureus on the nano-silver coating was reduced, and a large number of vacuoles were found. These findings indicate that the 20:1 mixture of hydroxyapatite and silver at micron level can be used to prepare nano-silver coating through ball milling, water bath, ultrasound and heat treatment. The prepared coating can exert excellent antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus.
ABSTRACT
CRISPR Cas9 is highly advanced genome editing technology extensively used for the modifications of genetic components in various sectors of living organisms. This technology has been adapted from the prokaryotic immune system, where it plays a vital role in protecting bacteria and archaea from virus attacks. This robust technology has currently been proven efficient in selective and precise editing, the genome of different living organisms for different purposes ranging from therapeutic, diagnostic to programmable gene regulation. This technology has been continuously upgraded, enhancing its performance thus reducing unfavorable outcomes. Customizing this technology is not a piece of cake. Hundreds of thousands of experiments have been conducted all around the world to optimize this highly intellectual technology to make it an error prone programmable technology to serve each and every living kind. In this review, we have summarized the modifications that have been made in different components of CRISPR cas9 system, engineering of CRISPR Cas9 for specific purposes, different external factors that has to be considered to obtain the best possible outcome minimizing the hazards
ABSTRACT
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents a syndrome of liver disease encompassing steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis in the absence of alcohol abuse. NAFLD is now emerging as a common medical problem due to its high incidence and the difficulty of treatment. To date, the pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been well elucidated, and few effective therapeutic approaches for NAFLD are available. Therefore, to develop high-quality animal models of NAFLD is important to enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis. This review summarizes animal models used in recent years in NAFLD study and introduces their making method and characteristics.
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to determine the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, called Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill on chronic hypoxia-induced myocardial injury. To establish a rat chronic hypoxia model to be used in the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of the Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control, model, and treatment groups (n = 10 per group). The animals were housed in a plexiglass container. The control animals were under normal oxygen concentration and the model and treatment groups were exposed to air and nitrogen for 5 weeks. The rats in the treatment group were orally administered the Qishen Yiqi Dropping pill (35 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for 5 weeks. After the treatment, the cardiac function and morphology were analyzed, and the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were determined using Western blotting. Our results indicated that the cardiac function was impaired, cell apoptosis was enhanced, and HIF-1α expression was up-regulated in the model group, compared to the control group. These changes were ameliorated by the treatment with the Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill. In conclusion, Qishen Yiqi Dropping pill can ameliorate myocardial injury induced by chronic hypoxia, improve cardiac function, and decrease myocardial cell apoptosis, which may provide a basis for its clinical use for the treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Apoptosis , Cardiomyopathies , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Pathology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Heart , Hypoxia , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Metabolism , Myocardium , Metabolism , Pathology , Oxygen , Metabolism , Phytotherapy , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
This study is to report the determination of the effect of sodium nitrite induced oxygen species (ROS) on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatoma cells in mice bearing H22 and investigation of its role in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in this process. Mice hepatocarcinoma cell line H22 was inoculated subcutaneously into right axillary of sixty male Kunming mice and then randomly divided into four groups: control group; low-dose sodium nitrite group (10 mg x kg(-1)), medium-dose sodium nitrite group (20 mg x kg(-1)) and high-dose sodium nitrite group (30 mg x kg(-1)). Sodium nitrite group was given (ig) sodium nitrite with 10-30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 21 days. Compared with control group, there was no obvious difference between the two groups in the volume or weight of xenografts, but in sodium nitrite treatment group, the activity of SOD and CAT decreased and contents of MDA or nitrite increased in tumor tissue of mice bearing H22; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatoma cells was induced, the EMT-phenotype tumors displayed a greater degree of local aggressiveness, with dissection through adjacent fascia and skeletal muscle. The increased expression of HIF-la and vimentin and declination of E-cadherin were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. These data indicate sodium nitrite treatment could improve the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of xenografts in mice bearing H22, which might relate to the fact that ROS mediated signal pathway increased the expression of HIF-1alpha.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Cadherins , Metabolism , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Metabolism , Pathology , Catalase , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Metabolism , Liver Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Malondialdehyde , Metabolism , Neoplasm Transplantation , Random Allocation , Reactive Oxygen Species , Metabolism , Signal Transduction , Sodium Nitrite , Pharmacology , Superoxide Dismutase , Metabolism , Tumor Burden , Vimentin , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of operation on breast duct fishtula. Methods 41 patients with breast duct fitula were subjected to fistulectomy or mastectomy. Results All patients had no re ccurrence after operation from 0.5 to 17 years. The clinical analysis showed that the causes of breast duct fistula were bacterial infection, retracted nipple, tissuration in the middle of nipple and breast duct dialation. Conclusions Fistulectomy or mastectomy is the most effective treatment of breast duct fistula.
ABSTRACT
15 cases of diaphragmatic traumatic hernia were reported. The majority of patients were young people. The location of lesion was on the left in 14 cases and one on the right. There were 8 close and 7 open cases. The size of the rupture on the diaphragm was from 3 to 15cm. The importance of earlier diagnosis and treatment were also discussed.