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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(4): 522-526, abr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014255

ABSTRACT

Alport syndrome is an inherited progressive form of glomerular disease that is often associated with sensorineural hearing loss and ocular abnormalities. We report two men with Alport syndrome. Both had chronic kidney disease and consulted for long-term loss of visual acuity. One had auditory abnormalities. On the ophthalmological examination, both had anterior lenticonus and one had dot or fleck retinopathy. Those findings are described in up to 50% and 70% of men with X-linked Alport syndrome, respectively. Both patients had a family history of Alport syndrome or suggestive signs and symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Eye Diseases/pathology , Nephritis, Hereditary/pathology , Retina/pathology , Tonometry, Ocular , Visual Acuity , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/physiopathology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Nephritis, Hereditary/diagnosis , Nephritis, Hereditary/physiopathology
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(8): 890-893, ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043150

ABSTRACT

Background: Primary care units of ophtalmology (UAPO) were incorporated in 2003 into the healthcare system of the Ministry of Health, in response to the high demand for hospital care. Three of these primary care units were incorporated to provide a network care with the ophthalmology service of a tertiary care hospital. Aim: To report the public health impact of networking. Material and Methods: A descriptive-prospective study was carried out analyzing all the healthcare attentions carried out between June and August 2016. An epidemiological characterization of the sample was made. We recorded: clinical diagnoses, decisions, resolution of the clinical problem at the primary care or referral to the hospital. Results: A total of 2,096 ophthalmologic attentions were carried out in the three UAPOs during the study period. The main diseases attended were disorders of refraction, cataracts, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The resolution index was 84% of attentions. Only 16% of attentions required referral and consisted mainly of cataracts (covered by a special health care system), diabetic retinopathy, capsulotomies, iridotomies, uveitis, pterygium and lacrimal duct obstruction. Conclusions: This model of care allowed an efficient management of the high demand for hospital referral. This is expressed in the high-resolution index and low derivation, resulting in a decrease in waiting lists at the tertiary level. This system should be implemented by other tertiary centers of our country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Referral and Consultation/organization & administration , Tertiary Care Centers/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Ophthalmology , Public Health , Prospective Studies , Health Services Needs and Demand
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1401829

ABSTRACT

Existen múltiples estudios acerca del funcionamiento familiar en la población chilena y sobre sus prácticas alimenticias, relacionándose ambas con morbilidades psicológicas o psiquiátricas. A pesar de esto, no logramos encontrar estudios que relacionen específicamente los hábitos alimenticios con el comportamiento a la hora de comer y el funcionamiento familiar en Chile. Definir los hábitos alimentarios no resulta sencillo, ya que existe una diversidad de conceptos, sin embargo, la mayoría converge en que se tratan de manifestaciones recurrentes de comportamiento individuales y colectivas respecto al qué, cuándo, dónde, cómo, con qué, para qué se come y quién consume los alimentos (1). El presente estudio es un estudio descriptivo tipo corte transversal, cuyo objetivo es explorar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y el hábito de comer en familia en padres y madres que acuden al policlínico de pediatría. El estudio se aplicó en 5 centros de salud de diferentes comunas de la región Metropolitana: Centro de Salud de San Bernardo (San Bernardo), Policlínico el Salto (Recoleta), Patronato Nacional de la Infancia (Estación central), CESFAM Juan Pablo II (La Reina) y CESFAM Aníbal Ariztía (Las Condes). Todos corresponden a campos clínicos universitarios de la Universidad de Los Andes en el área de pediatría. Todos centros caracterizados por recibir pacientes en su mayoría chilenos, de un nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo (2). Se consideraron como criterios de inclusión el ser padres y/o madres de pacientes que se atendían en los consultorios antes mencionados, mayores de 18 años y que firmaran el consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante la auto-aplicación de dos cuestionarios, uno de ellos, de fabricación propia, describe la práctica alimenticia de la familia, el otro, correspondiente al cuestionario APGAR familiar, validado en Chile, fue usado para medir el funcionamiento familiar según la percepción de los padres y/o madres. De un total de 53 encuestas realizadas, 90.6% presentó un APGAR de familia funcional, un 7.5% un APGAR con disfunción familiar moderada y un 1.88% con un APGAR de disfunción familiar severa. El análisis estadístico muestra que este nivel de funcionamiento se explica en un 53% por tres de las variables estudiadas; Comunicación y ambiente a la hora de comer, y si los padres viven juntos o no. Será necesario confirmar estos hallazgos en futuras investigaciones que cuenten con poblaciones de estudio más extensas y variadas en su morfología familiar, para extrapolar estos datos a nivel regional. Palabras clave: APGAR, funcionamiento familiar, comer en familia, hábito alimenticio, trastornos alimenticios


Abstract: There are multiple studies on family functioning in the Chilean population and on their dietary practices, both have been related to psychological or psychiatric morbidities. Despite this, we could not find studies that specifically relate eating habits to eating behaviors and family functioning in Chile. Defining eating habits is not easy, since there is a diversity of concepts, however, most converge in that they are recurrent manifestations of individual and collective behavior with respect to what, when, where, how, with what, and for what purpose we eat and who consumes the food (1). The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study, whose objective is to explore the relationship between family functioning and the habit of eating as a family in parents who attend the pediatric polyclinic. The study was performed in 5 health centers in different communes of the Metropolitan Region: San Bernardo Health Center (San Bernardo), El Salto Polyclinic (Recoleta), National Children's Trust (Central Station), CESFAM Juan Pablo II (La Reina) and CESFAM Aníbal Ariztía (Las Condes). All correspond to pediatric university clinical campuses of the Universidad de Los Andes. All centers are characterized as receiving mostly Chilean patients, of a medium-low socioeconomic level (2). Inclusion criteria were: fathers and/or mothers of patients who attended the clinics, who were older than 18 years and who signed the informed consent. The data were obtained through the self-administration of two questionnaires, one of them of our own manufacture, describes the family's nutritional practice, the other, corresponding to the family APGAR questionnaire, validated in Chile, was used to measure family functioning according to the perception of fathers and/or mothers. Of a total of 53 surveys conducted, 90.6% presented an APGAR of functional family, 7.5% an APGAR with moderate family dysfunction and 1.88% with an APGAR of severe family dysfunction. The statistical analysis shows that this level of functioning is explained in 53% by three of the studied variables: communication and atmosphere at mealtime, and whether the parents live together or not. It will be necessary to confirm these findings in future investigations that have more extensive and varied study populations in their family morphology to extrapolate these data at a regional level.Key words: APGAR, family functionality, family meal, feeding behavior, eating disorders

4.
Rev. chil. anest ; 46(2): 86-90, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908248

ABSTRACT

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare neuromuscular hereditary disorder, triggered in susceptible individuals by exposure to inhalational agents or succinylcholine and manifested as a hypermetabolic state. We report the case of a 22 years old male patient anesthetized with Desflurane in whom MH was suspected because of unexplained increased levels of End-Tidal carbon dioxide. Dantrolene was administered with good response. Respiratory acidosis and hyperkalemia were also detected but could be easily controlled. The postoperative period was uneventful with the exception of a superficial venous thrombosis at the dantrolene’s injection site. The patient was discharged eight days after the episode without sequela. Successful management of a malignant hyperthemia episode must include: early suspicion, asking for help and early treatment with dantrolene.


La Hipertermia Maligna es un trastorno neuromuscular hereditario infrecuente, manifestado por un estado hipermetabólico desencadenado en individuos susceptibles por la exposición a anestésicos halogenados o Succinilcolina. Se reporta el caso de un hombre de 22 años anestesiado con Desflurano, en quien el diagnóstico de Hipertermia Maligna se sospechó por la presencia de elevación inexplicada del CO2 espirado, que respondió a la suspensión del Desflurano y administración de Dantroleno. Se observó además hiperkalemia y acidosis respiratoria, que fueron fácilmente compensadas. La evolución postoperatoria fue satisfactoria, a excepción de una trombosis venosa superficial en el sitio de inyección del Dantroleno. El paciente fue dado de alta al 8avo día postoperatorio, sin secuelas. Las claves del manejo exitoso de un episodio de hipertermia maligna están en: Sospecha precoz, solicitar ayuda e inició rápido del tratamiento con Dantroleno.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Young Adult , Anesthetics, General/adverse effects , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Isoflurane/adverse effects , Isoflurane/analogs & derivatives , Malignant Hyperthermia/etiology
5.
San Salvador; s.n; 2014. 36 p. Tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, BISSAL | ID: biblio-1222920

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre los conocimientos y prácticas de prevención de caries dental de padres y encargados y la prevalencia de pérdida de la primera molar permanente en menores de 7 a 17 años, en tres Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar de la región Central y Paracentral en los meses de agosto a noviembre, 2013. Materiales y métodos: La muestra conformada fue de 183 padres o encargados y 183 menores; la información se obtuvo mediante una cédula de entrevista y una guía de observación. Las variables independientes fueron: 1) conocimientos sobre prevención de caries dental de padres y encargados, 2) prácticas de prevención de caries dental de padres y encargados y 3) frecuencia de ingesta de alimentos cariogénicos de menores de 7 a 17 años; la variable dependiente fue: 1) pérdida de la primera molar permanente en menores de 7 a 17 años. Con el estadístico Chi-Cuadrado se determinó la significancia entre las variables asociadas, y posteriormente se calculó el riesgo relativo. Resultados: 26.8% de encargados reveló conocimiento adecuado sobre prevención de caries dental, 41% de los encargados orientaron eficientemente en técnicas de higiene bucal. 83% de menores evidenció historia de caries en las primeras molares permanentes, 70.5% de los menores presentaron niveles de placa superiores al 50%; 4.1% de molares estaban perdidas, la prevalencia de pérdida de primeras molares permanentes fue mayor en el grupo de 13 a 17 años así como en el sexo femenino. Estadísticamente se determinó que "los conocimientos inadecuados sobre prevención de caries dental es un factor predisponente en la pérdida de la primera molar permanente‖ (p= 0.002), ­deficiente orientación sobre ejecución de prácticas en higiene bucal incide en la pérdida de la primera molar permanente‖ (p= 0.001) y que ­la alta frecuencia de ingesta de azúcar de los niños y adolescentes repercute en la pérdida de la primera molar permanente‖ (p= 0.001). Conclusiones: Conocimiento inadecuados y prácticas deficientes sobre prevención de caries dental de los padres o encargados inciden en la pérdida de la primera molar permanente con riesgos relativos de 1.4 y 1.6 respectivamente. También altas frecuencias de ingestas de azúcar repercute en la pérdida de la primera molar permanente.


Objective: To establish the relationship between parents or representative's tooth decay prevention and practices knowledge and 6-year-old molar loss prevalence in children from 7 to 17 years old in three Family Health Community Centers of Central and Paracentral areas during the months from august to november, 2013. Materials and methods: They were 183 parents or representatives and 183 children and teenagers who were comprised in this research. It was used an interview format document and an observation format document. Independent variables were: 1) parents or representative's tooth decay prevention knowledge, 2) parents or representative's tooth decay prevention and practices and 3) children's tooth decay producer food frequency consumption; dependent variable was: 1) minors' 6-year-old molar loss. Chi-squared test was applied to establish the level of significance between linked variables. After that, Risk Ratio was calculated. Results: 26.8% of parents revealed adequate tooth decay prevention knowledge, 41% oriented efficiently on oral hygiene techniques. 83% of minors revealed tooth decay history in 6-year-old molar. 70.5% of minors showed plaque levels above 50%. 4.1% of 6-year-old molar were missing. 6-year-old molar lost prevalence was higher on 13 to 17 years old group and also on girls group. Statistically it was determined that ­lack of parents or representatives' tooth decay knowledge plays an underlying role on 6-year-old molar loss in minors‖ (p=0.002), ­defective orientation on oral hygiene techniques influences 6-yearold molar loss‖ (p=0.001) and ­high sugar consumption falls upon 6-year-old molar loss‖ (p=0.001). Conclusions: inadequate knowledge and defective practices about tooth decay prevention of parents play upon 6-year-old molar loss with a risk of 1.4 and 1.6 respectively. Also, high sugar consumption influences 6-year-old molar loss.


Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Preventive Dentistry , El Salvador , Molar
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