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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice.MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH 2 O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected.Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. @*RESULTS@#The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. @*CONCLUSIONS@#This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.
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This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection.We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases).The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes.In EV71-infected patients,the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007),A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95％ CI 1.0-1.7,P=0.034)and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls,but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases.In EV71-infected patients,the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA).Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases,the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences.IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs.control group,P＜0.01;encephalitis group vs.control group,P＜0.001).In encephalitis cases,IFN-γ levels were reduced (P＜0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype,however,there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226).These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection,and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.
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This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection.We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases).The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes.In EV71-infected patients,the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007),A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95％ CI 1.0-1.7,P=0.034)and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls,but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases.In EV71-infected patients,the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA).Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases,the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences.IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs.control group,P＜0.01;encephalitis group vs.control group,P＜0.001).In encephalitis cases,IFN-γ levels were reduced (P＜0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype,however,there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226).These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection,and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.
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AIM: To investigate the probably mechanism of amniotic extraction inhibiting haze formation after epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) in rabbit cornea.METHODS: Thirty rabbit corneas were performed with Epi-LASIK.All eyes were randomly divided into three groups: eyes treated with amniotic extraction (AE group),eyes treated with 1g/L dexamethasone (hormone group) and eyes treated with solvent (solvent control group).Haze grade evaluation was performed under the slit lamp after Epi-LASIK for 1,4 and 8wk.The repair of corneal epithelium was observed by using HE staining,and the expression of NF-kB protein P65 was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4,IL-10 and IL-13) were determined by ELISA.RESULTS: HE staining showed that the basal cells of corneal epithelium were more uniform and arranged regularly in AE groups after Epi-LASIK for 1wk as compared with the hormone group and the solvent control group.After 4wk,there were a few of new collagen fibers in the superficial stroma of AE group,forming a small amount of scar.After 8wk,the corneal stroma of AE group showed a small amount of new collagen fibers,arranged regularly,and rarely formed scar.At the early stage (1 and 4wk),AE treatment has an obviously effect on inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IL-1) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4,IL-10 and IL-13),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Moreover,the activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway was significantly inhibited by treatment with AE in the early postoperative period (1 and 4wk).CONCLUSION: Amniotic extraction may reduce the inflammatory response in corneal epithelial cells by inhibiting the NF-kB signaling pathway,thereby inhibiting the formation of collagen and scar and the occurrence of haze.
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Objective To discuss the risk factors of C5 never palsy incidence after cervical open-door laminoplasty. Methods This study involved 254 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, who underwent expansive open-door lam?inoplasty in our hospital between January 2009 and December 2012. Patients were divided into two groups according to the incidence of C5 palsy after operation. Group A included 20 patients with C5 palsy and group B included 234 cases without C5 palsy. The risk factors for postoperative C5 palsy were compared between two groups. The factors may affect the inci?dence of C5 palsy were analyze. Results All cases received follow-up with an average follow-up time (24.9±2.6) months. Values of cervical curvature index (CCI), lamina open angles and spinal cord shift were significantly greater in group A than those of group B (P0.05). Results of Logistic regres?sion analysis of multiple factors showed that lamina open angles, the pathogenic factors of C5 palsy included the spinal cord shift and postoperative CCI [OR(95%CI):2.035(1.684-2.359), 3.542 (2.465-9.254) and 9.126(4.425-17.273). Conclusion The angle of open door too large, CCI and spinal cord shift are risk factors for postoperative C5 palsy.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) treatment for patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of NCRT followed by surgery (NCRTS) with surgery alone (SA) for EC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched up to August 2015 for all the published studies that investigated EC patients receiving either NCRTS or SA, and the reference lists were also manually examined for the eligible studies. The risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI s) as effective size was determined to assess the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates (SRs), postoperative morbidity, and postoperative mortality. Heterogeneity was determined using the Q-test. The Begg's test and Egger's test were used for assessing any potential publication bias.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 1120 identified studies, 16 eligible studies were included in this analysis (involving 2549 patients). Overall, the pooled results suggested that NCRTS was associated with significantly improved 1-year (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), 3-year (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14-1.39), and 5-year (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18-1.56) SRs. However, the results also indicated that NCRTS had no or little effect on postoperative morbidity (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82-1.05) and postoperative mortality (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.56-2.44).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with SA, NCRTS can increase 1-, 3-, and 5-year SRs in patients with EC.</p>
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Humans , Chemoradiotherapy , Methods , Esophageal Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Mortality , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Methods , Survival RateABSTRACT
Objective To observe effect of Rho kinase inhibitor combined with hyperbaric oxygen on the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury in patients with thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A total of 80 cases of thoracolumbar fractures combined with spinal cord injury patients as the research object, the packet by the standards of admission of single and double serial number, odd numbers were divided into control group, even number were divided into treatment group (40 cases in each group); two groups underwent surgical treatment, control group was given single usage fasudil treatment, treatment group was given hyperbaric oxygen therapy for auxiliary therapy on the basis of control group, Continuous treatment for two months.Compared neurological function scoring, grading, blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) , epithelial growth factor (EGF) , lipid peroxide (LPO) and adverse reactions pre-and post-treatment between two groups of patients.Results After treatment,total effective rate of treatment group (92.50%), ASIA sensory, movement scores were significantly higher than control group (75.00%)(P<0.05);Content of SOD and EGF of treatment group were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05);the adverse reaction rate (12.50%) was significantly lower than that of control group (32.50%)(P<0.05).Conclusion Rho kinase inhibitor combined with hyperbaric oxygen can significantly improve the degree of injury, neurological function and blood SOD, EGF, LPO content in patients with lumbar vertebral fractures combined with spinal cord injury, and the adverse reactions are few, has definite clinical effect.
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Anemarrhena asphodeloides processed by salt and raw product was compared including both chemical composition and laxative function in order to find the possible active substance to cure constipation. Processed and raw Anemarrhenae laxative effect on experimental constipation models was observed as well as chemical composition using UPLC-MS technology and the total sugar content was determined by phenol sulfuric acid method. Processed Anemarrhenae water extract improved excrement more than raw which has significant difference compared with the blank group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the total ion flow spectrum showed no significant difference in most substance, but the total sugar content was significantly higher than raw product. Anemarrhenae ancient be recognized benefitting for draining body water in traditional Chinese medicine which has been lost in modern books because it is manifested as excellent laxative effect not diuretic effect. Saccharides carbohydrate may have closely relationship with this magically effect.
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Animals , Humans , Male , Anemarrhena , Chemistry , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Constipation , Drug Therapy , Defecation , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Laxatives , Chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To assess the clinical and radiologic outcomes between laminoplasty with forominotomy(LF) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF) in treating cervical radiculomyelopathy(CRM). Methods Datas of 68 patients (ACDF=33, LF=35) from January 2008 to January 2010 was collected retrospectively, the follow-up is at least 2 years. The Japa-nese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and associated recovery rate were evaluated. For radiographic evaluation, the lordotic an-gle and range of motion (ROM) at C2-C7 were investigated. The Neck Disabilitv Index Scale(NDI) was used to evaluate the degree of patient’pain at the last follow-up. Results Patients’demographics were similar between the two groups. The differences be-tween ACDF and LF in operative time (187min VS 154min),the blood loss (127 ml VS 235 ml) and the sensation of lower extremity (64.0%VS 66.0%) are significant(t=4.170, P=0.000;Z=-6.888, P=0.000;Z=-7.512, P=0.000). 1 case with failed fusion of bone graft 3 months post-operation. 3 cases of adjacent segment degenerative changes occurred at the 2nd year follow-up in ACDF group. But no such complications occurred in the EOLF group. In addition, ACDF group showed lower NDI score than LF group in extracting and amusing (Z=-3.947, P=0.000;t=-7. 523, P=0.000). Cervical lordosis of ACDF increased from 13.7° to 16.2°, while that of LF group decreased from 14.6° to 13.3°(Z=-3.374,P=0.001);Both of the two groups (ACDF/LF) exhibited decreased cervi-cal ROM (14.8° VS 16.5°, t=-2.167, P=0.034). Conclusion The two surgical procedures have similar clinical effects in treating multi-segmental CRM. However, the LF group demonstrated shorter operative time, fewer short-term complications, so it proved to be effective and safe surgical procedure.
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This paper aims to investigate if the dental restoration of nickel-chromium based alloy (Ni-Cr) leads to the enhanced excretions of Ni and Cr in urine. Seven hundred and ninety-five patients in a dental hospital had single or multiple Ni-Cr alloy restoration recently and 198 controls were recruited to collect information on dental restoration by questionnaire and clinical examination. Urinary concentrations of Ni and Cr from each subject were measure by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Compared to the control group, the urinary level of Ni was significantly higher in the patient group of <1 month of the restoration duration, among which higher Ni excretions were found in those with either a higher number of teeth replaced by dental alloys or a higher index of metal crown not covered with the porcelain. Urinary levels of Cr were significantly higher in the three patient groups of <1, 1 to <3 and 3 to <6 months, especially in those with a higher metal crown exposure index. Linear curve estimations showed better relationships between urinary Ni and Cr in patients within 6-month groups. Our data suggested significant increased excretions of urinary Ni and Cr after dental restoration. Potential short- and long-term effects of Ni-Cr alloy restoration need to be investigated.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chromium , Urine , Chromium Alloys , Chemistry , Creatinine , Urine , Crowns , Dental Porcelain , Chemistry , Metal Ceramic Alloys , Chemistry , Nickel , Urine , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Surface Properties , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 (CR1) in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from 59 patients with chronic urticaria (including 14 cases of dermatographism and 45 chronic idiopathic urticaria) and 29 healthy human controls.Flow cytometry was carried out to quantify the expression level of CR1,and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the serum level of immunoglobulin E (IgE),complement C3,C4 and 50％ complement hemolytic activity (CH50).Differences in these parameters were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test,and correlation between these paramenters by Pearson correlation analysis.Results The expression level (expressed as mean fluorescence intensity per 10 000 erythrocytes) of CR1 was significantly higher in patients with dermatographism and chronic idiopathic urticaria than in the healthy controls (35.06 ± 2.06 and 29.17 ± 1.53 vs.20.46 ± 2.57,t =4.20 and 3.33,both P ＜ 0.05),while no statistical difference was observed between the patients with dermatographism and chronic idiopathic urticaria (P ＞ 0.05).Increased total serum IgE levels were observed in patients with dermatographism and chronic idiopathic urticaria compared with the healthy controls ((769.89 ± 123.0) μg/L and (340.09 ± 29.74) μg/L vs.(107.63 ± 88.79) μg/L,t =5.58,5.85,both P ＜ 0.05),and in patients with dermatographism compared with those with chronic idiopathic urticaria (t =3.49,P ＜ 0.05).For patients with chronic urticaria,there was a statistical difference in the expression level of CR1 between individuals (n=22) with total serum IgE levels ranging from 0 to 240 μg/L and those (n =17) higher than 500 μg/L (24.45 ± 10.83 vs.33.09 ± 11.86,t =3.33,P＜ 0.05).The total serum IgE levels were positively correlated with the level of CR1 (r =0.27,P ＜ 0.05),but uncorrelated with that of complement C3 (r =0.16,P ＞ 0.05) or C4 (r =-0.08,P＞ 0.05).The level of complement C3 was positively correlated with that of C4 (r =0.54,P ＜ 0.01).One-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in the serum levels of complement C3,C4,or CH50 between the patients with dermatographism,patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and healthy controls (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion CR1 is abnormally expressed in patients with chronic urticaria.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether the dental restoration of nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) based alloys will lead to extra excretions of urinary Ni and Cr.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Urinary Ni and Cr were repeatedly measured in 33 patients before and 2 months after the dental restoration of Ni-Cr alloys. The associations between alloy restoration and urinary Ni or Cr were analyzed by paired t test and general linear model of repeated measures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A slightly higher urinary Ni was found in patients after 2 month of the alloy restoration, but the difference was not statistically significant (before: 46.4 microg x mol(-1) crea; after: 67.6 microg x mol(-1) crea; P=0.063). This difference was only in female subjects (before: 44.8 microg x mol(-1) crea; after: 73.7 microg x mol(-1) crea; P=0.068). A significant higher urinary Cr was found in patients after 2 month of the alloy restoration (before: 57.0 microg x mol(-1) crea; after: 99.4 microg x mol(-1) crea; P=0.024). This significant difference was only in female subjects (before: 59.8 microg x mol(-1) crea; after: 124.4 microg x mol(-1) crea; P=0.023). General linear models of repeated measurements showed that urinary excretions of Ni and Cr were associated with the number of restoration and the area of metal basis uncovered with porcelain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dental restoration of Ni-Cr alloy might lead to the enhanced excretions of urinary Ni and Cr.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Chromium , Chromium Alloys , Dental Porcelain , Follow-Up Studies , Nickel , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the immunological function parameters in patients undergoing dental restoration of nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven hundred and ninety-five Ni-Cr alloy consumers as exposure group, together with 198 controls, were surveyed by the questionnaire and the biological examination of immunological function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After splitting all subjects into three groups of equal sample size by urinary Ni or urinary Cr, serum interleukin-1beta(IL-1β) was found to be significantly higher in the group of urinary Ni > 115.73 µg/mol creatinine comparing to the group of urinary Ni < 37.28 µg/mol creatinine (P < 0.05). No changes of immunological parameters in surm [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6] were found in other groups of urinary Ni or Cr. Both one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analysis did not find any association between serum changes of immunological parameters and the parameters of alloy restoration (period, number and the level of metal crown uncovered with porcelain).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study did not show positive associations between dental restoration of Ni-Cr alloy and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Chromium , Urine , Chromium Alloys , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Interleukin-1beta , Blood , Interleukin-6 , Blood , Nickel , Urine , Random Allocation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , BloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Some scholars have found that cervical vertebral body bone trabecula was reduced,became thin,even perforated in old patients with osteoporosis.Whether this change will induce cervical vertebral body deformation,and what relationship to the onset of cervical syndromeOBJECTIVE:To study the relation of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and osteoporosis by measuring and comparing.METHODS:A totaI of 40 subjects with normal lumbar vertebra density and without cervical spondylosis were enrolled as control group,averagely 32 5 years.A total of 30 patients with cervical spondylosis served as cervical spondylosis group,averagely 43.6 years.Totally 46 patients with cervical spondylosis and osteoporosis served as combined with osteoporosis group,averagely 58.6 years.116 subjects underwent radiograph Height and sagittal diameter of the vertebral body ratio of height to sagittal diameter of the vertebral body.and ratio of sagittal diameter of cervical canal/vertebra body were measured.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group.vertebral height was decreased.and sagittal diameter became longer(P＜0.05),and the ratio of sagittal diameter of cervical canal/vertebra body became smaller(P＜0.05)in the combined with osteoporosis group.Vertebral body deformation was characterized by decreased vertebral height and prolonged sagittal diameter became flat.Results suggested that osteoporosis induced cervical vertebral deformation,correlation between osteoporosis and cervical spondylosis,which may be a factor for cervical spondylosis development.
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Objective To determine the prevalence and genotype of hepatitis E virus (HEV)among commercial swine population in Eastern and Southern China. Methods Six hundred specimens of swine bile collected from 5 slaughterhouses in Eastern and Southern China from 2007 to 2009 were tested for HEV RNA using nested RT-PCR. PCR products were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results Forty-seven out of the 600 samples (7.83%) were positive for HEV RNA. Based on the 150 nt fragment within HEV ORF2, data from phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 47 HEV isolates were identified to be genotype Ⅳ, sharing 75.0%-83.4%, 75.0%-84.6%, 71.9%-80.7% and 88.1%-91.5% nucleotide identities with prototype Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ HEV strains respectively while majority of the isolates clustered within their respective isolation sites. Conclusion HEV was widespread in commercial swine population in Eastern and Southern China that raised a serious concern about the safety regarding the consumption of pork products.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the genotype and phylogenetic characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains isolated from the human and swine in Anqing City.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty seven sera from sporadic hepatitis E patients and 400 commercial swine bile samples were collected in Anqing City. According to the collection time, the bile samples were equally divided into 4 groups which were named group A, B, C and D respectively. Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing technology were performed to obtain the DNA sequences of HEV RNA Open Reading Frame 2 (ORF2) (150 nt) for all the serum and bile samples. The sample sequences and prototype sequences from the GenBank were aligned and their nucleotide sequence identities were calculated. A phylogenetic tree constructed according to the Bayesian inference method was used to analyze the genotype and phylogenetic relationship between the human and swine HEV strains isolated in Anqing City.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female sex ratio of the patients was 2.86:1 and the average age was 56.78 years old. Sixteen out of 27 serum (59.26%) samples were HEV RNA positive. Human HEV strains isolated in Anqing City shared 74.75% - 82.99%, 75.26% - 83.64%, 72.77% - 80.57% and 88.03%-91.63% nucleotide sequence identities with prototype I, II, III and IV HEV strains respectively. HEV RNA was detected in 22 out of 400 bile samples (5.5%). The swine HEV detection rates for group A, B, C and D were 7.00%, 3.00%, 9.00% and 3.00% respectively, showing no significant difference among these groups (χ(2) = 5.20, P = 0.16). Swine HEV strains isolated in Anqing City shared 75.24% - 83.42%, 75.93% - 84.19%, 72.86% - 80.64% and 88.15% - 91.79% nucleotide sequence identities with prototype I, II, III and IV HEV strains respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the HEV strains isolated from both the human and swine belonged to genotype IV and scattered in evolutionary branches without significant species aggregation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It's suggested that genotype IV HEV was the dominant genotype among the human and swine in Anqing City and probably transmitted between them in this area.</p>
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Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Base Sequence , China , Epidemiology , Genotype , Hepatitis E , Epidemiology , Virology , Hepatitis E virus , Classification , Genetics , Phylogeny , Swine , Virology , Swine Diseases , Epidemiology , VirologyABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Significant progress has taken place over the past 50 years in the control of schistosomiasis japonica in China. However, the available data suggested that schistosomiasis has re-emerged shortly after the World Bank Loan Project which was conducted from 1992 to 2001. The national control program with a revised strategy to control schistosomiasis by using integrated measures has been implemented since 2005. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the national program on schistosomiasis control from 2005 to 2008.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was carried out to analyze the epidemic patterns of acute infections with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), based on the number of acute cases annually collected from the web-based national communicable diseases reporting system from 2005 to 2008.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 564, 207, 83 and 57 acute cases infected with S. japonicum were reported nationwide in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, with an average annual reduction rate of 46.35% during last four years. Six outbreaks of acute infection with S. japonicum were reported in 2005 but none in the period of 2006 to 2008. All acute cases that were reported mainly came from the lake regions and became infected during the higher risk periods from the 27th to 43rd weeks of the year. Most of these cases are students (44.87%), farmers (31.51%) and fishermen (7.79%) who got the infection by water contact mainly through swimming (41.49%) and production activities (40.25%). With time, the proportion of imported cases among all acute cases increased due to more frequent movement of people that has occurred with a more mobile population.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The national control program on schistosomiasis aliened with the revised control strategy has been effectively brought into effect. However, there is still a significant risk of infection among students, farmers and fishermen living in the lake regions. Therefore, it is important to strengthen control measures among risk populations in the high risk areas of transmission, or the lake regions.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Acute Disease , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Schistosoma japonicum , Virulence , Schistosomiasis , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand phylogenetic characteristics of sporadic hepatitis E virus (HEV) in eastern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred and thirteen sera were collected from sporadic hepatitis E cases in 14 second- or first-class hospitals in Eastern China from 2005 to 2008 and detected with a nested RT-PCR assay. Partial nucleotide sequences of the HEV isolates were determined for phylogenetic analysis with prototype sequences in the GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female sex ratio of the patients was 1.75:1 with 61.5% of them aged 40 - 69 years old. HEV RNA was detected in 140 out of 413(34%)serum samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 140 HEV isolates belonged to genotype IV, sharing 77.9% - 88.3%, 80.8% - 90.6%, 73.4% - 85.2% and 91.0% - 95.4% nucleotide sequence identities with prototype I, II, III and IV HEV isolates respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was evident that genotype IV HEV served as the main causative agent of sporadic HEV infection in Eastern China. However the viral origin and evolution needs further clarification.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Base Sequence , China , Epidemiology , Genotype , Hepatitis E , Epidemiology , Virology , Hepatitis E virus , Classification , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIIC) on the postoperative metastatic rate and survival rate of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In HIIC group, patients received HIIC (mitomycin C 30 mg and cisplatin 100 mg were added into 2000 ml distilled water, heated to 42 approximately 45 degrees C, perfused to abdominal cavity for 30 min and then sucked) and intravenous chemotherapy after operation (5- FU 10 approximately 15 mg/kg, mitomycin C 0.1 approximately 0.15 mg/kg, adriamycin 0.5 approximately 1 mg/kg i.v drip, once a week for 2 approximately 3 weeks). In control group, patients received intravenous chemotherapy only. The postoperative metastatic rate and survival rate (1- , 3- and 5- year) of patients were compared between 92 cases of AGC undergone HIIC and 120 cases of AGC without HIIC (control group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The peritoneal recurrence rates after operations occurred within two years were 14.1% and 37.5% in HIIC group and control group respectively (P < 0.01). The 1- , 3- , and 5- year survival rates in HIIC group were 98.9%, 68.5%, and 52.2% and in control group 95.0%, 56.7% and 37.5% respectively. The 3- , and 5- year survival rates were significantly different between the two the groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HIIC can kill isolated intraperitoneal cancer cells, reduce peritoneal recurrence rate after operations, raise significantly survival rate of patient, and improve the prognosis of AGC.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion , Cisplatin , Hyperthermia, Induced , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Intraoperative Period , Mitomycin , Oxonic Acid , Stomach Neoplasms , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics diagnosis and treatment of patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis early after operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 7 patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis early after operation from 1990 to 2004.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients had main clinical manifestations of severe abdominal pain and vomiting, but abdominal signs were slight. The systemic toxic symptoms occurred in 2 cases at late course. The examination of abdominal X- ray showed intestinal obstruction of all patients. Four patients received abdominal CT- scanning, of whom 3 patients were diagnosed as mesenteric venous thrombosis. Seven patients received exploratory operation. The necrotic intestinal segments were resected. Two patients had short intestinal syndromes after operation, one of them died of serious malnutrition. Four patients who had recurrence of portal, mesenteric and iliac venous thrombosis needed a long-term therapy of warfarin and aspirin after discharge.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is easy to make a mistake in diagnosis because of the lacking of characteristic clinical manifestations. Exploratory operation immediately plus anticoagulant therapy is strongly recommended.</p>