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This study analyzed the effects of male age and abstinence time on semen quality and explored the best abstinence time for Chinese males among different age groups. Semen parameters, including sperm kinetics, morphology, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI), were reviewed from 2952 men. Samples were divided into six age groups (≤25 years, 26-30 years, 31-35 years, 36-40 years, 41-45 years, and >45 years) and were divided into six groups according to different abstinence time (2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days). The differences in semen quality between the groups were compared, and the effect of age and abstinence time on semen quality was analyzed. Significant differences were observed in semen volume, progressive motility (PR), and DFI among the age groups (all P < 0.05), and no significant differences were observed in sperm morphological parameters (all P > 0.05). There were significant differences in semen volume, PR, and DFI among different abstinence time groups (all P < 0.05) and no significant differences in sperm morphological parameters (all P > 0.05). Pearson analysis showed that male age and abstinence time were both significantly correlated with sperm kinetics and DFI (both P < 0.05), while no significant correlation was found with sperm morphological parameters (all P > 0.05). The box plots and histograms of men's age, abstinence time, and semen quality show that most semen quality parameters differ significantly between the 2 days and 7 days abstinence groups and other groups at different ages. Except for the sperm morphology parameters, sperm kinetic parameters and sperm DFI are linearly related to male age and abstinence time.
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Adult , Humans , Male , DNA Fragmentation , Retrospective Studies , Semen , Semen Analysis , Sperm Count , Sperm Motility , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Objective:To meet the demand of medical system for talents, the training of medical students' competency has become a new direction of medical education. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of training quality in medical graduates through the competency scale.Methods:Taking "attitude", "skill" and "knowledge" as the evaluation dimensions, the competency development was divided into four levels of "state", "explain", "apply" and "transfer", and we proposed the competence concept of "A.S.K.-SEAT" and formulated an evaluation scale. Questionnaires and behavior event interviews (BEI) were conducted in medical graduates of Shantou University in 2018. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated and current situation of different competency items were analyzed.Results:A total of 155 questionnaires were collected with good reliability and validity, and 15 graduates participated in BEI. A total of 21 A.S.K. competency items (including five basic competency items and two discriminating competency items) and SEAT textual descriptions were finally established.Conclusion:A.S.K.-SEAT scale can provide valid references for the competency evaluation of medical graduates.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a near-infrared fluorescence imaging system based on the fluorescence properties of methylene blue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the optical properties of methylene blue, we used a custom-made specific LED light source and an interference filter, a CCD camera and other relevant components to construct the near-infrared fluorescence imaging system. We tested the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of this imaging system for detecting methylene blue under different experimental conditions and analyzed the SBR in urine samples collected from 15 Wistar rats with intravenous injection of methylene blue at the doses of 0, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.0 0 mg/kg methylene blue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SBR of this imaging system for detecting methylene blue was affected by the concentration of methylene blue and the distance from the sample (P<0.05). In the urine samples from Wistar rats, the SBR varied with the the injection dose, and the rats injected with 1.6 mg/kg methylene blue showed the highest SBR (8.71∓0.20) in the urine (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This near-infrared fluorescence imaging system is useful for fluorescence detection of methylene blue and can be used for real-time recognition of ureters during abdominal surgery.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences in dielectric properties (relative permittivity and conductivity) between the mucosal surface and serosal surface of malignant colorectal tissues, adjacent tissues at 1 cm and 3 cm from the tumor focus and normal colorectal tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The dielectric properties of the mucosal and serosal surface of malignant colorectal tissues, adjacent tissues (1 cm and 3 cm) and normal colorectal tissues from 39 patients with colorectal cancer were measured with an open-ended coaxial probe within the frequency range of 50 MHz-3 GHz, and the corresponding dielectric properties were analyzed respectively; statistical tests of the data were used to analyze the dielectric properties at 6 specific frequency points.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The dielectric properties were significantly higher in the malignant mucosa surface than in the adjacent tissues and normal colorectal tissues at the 6 specific frequency points (P<0.01). The dielectric properties decreased progressively in adjacent tissues at 1 cm and 3 cm and normal mucosa surface. The mucosal and serosal surface of malignant tissues showed significant differences in dielectric properties at 64 MHz, 128 MHz, 298 MHz, 433 MHz, and 915 MHz (P<0.01) but not at 2450 MHz (P>0.01), but such differences were not observed in normal tissues (P>0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dielectric properties of the mucosal surface of the mucosal decrease in the order of malignant colorectal tissue, adjacent tissues at 1 cm and 3 cm from the tumor foci and normal colorectal tissues. The dielectric properties are higher in the mucosal surface than in the serosal surface in the malignant tissue, but comparable in normal colorectal tissues.</p>
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Objective@#To investigate the ideal 3D imaging technique (MIP/VIP/ VRT)after MSCT scan for children costal cartilage.@*Methods@#46 patients with microtia, aged 6-9 years, received 64-slice MSCT and 3D imaging of costal cartilage was performed with MIP, VIP and VRT techniques, respectively. Two doctors were invited to assess the imaging quality of three techniques.@*Results@#The imaging quality by VIP and VRT was better than that by MIP. There was no significant difference between VIP and VRT.@*Conclusions@#VIP and VRT are ideal 3D imaging techniques after MSCT scan for children costal cartilage, especially the VIP, which has the advantage of not affected by organ and abdomen wall.VIP can be used as first-line technique, whereas VRT as complementory choice.
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the main progenitor cells of osteoblasts , and are regarded as the seed cells for bone repair and regeneration because of their osteogenic differentiation potential .Promoting the osteogenic differentiation and bone formation is feasible to treat osteoporosis .LncRNAs regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels , influence fundamental biological processes including cell differentiation and organ development , and are closely associated with many diseases including osteoporosis .This paper reviews the research of lncRNA in regulating osteogenic differentiation to provide a new tar -get for bone formation and treatment of osteoporosis .
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Purpose To evaluate the expression of Arginine-1 (Arg-1) and Glypican-3 (GPC-3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-hepatocellular carcinoma,as well as to summarize the related researches.Methods 156 cases of HCC,5 cases of cholangiocarcinoma,20 cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma and 18 cases of other types of tumors were studied.Immunohistochemical study for Arg-1 and GPC-3 was performed on the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor tissues.Results The positive expression rates of Arg-1 in HCC and non-hepatocellular carcinoma were 93.6％ (146/156) and 0 (0/43),respectively,meanwhile the expression rate decreased with decreasing of differentiation (r =-0.264,P =0.001).GPC-3 expression was observed in 141 of 156 cases of HCC (90.4％) and 6 of 43 cases of non-hepatocellular carcinoma (14％),and the expression rate increased with decreasing of differentiation (r =0.179,P =0.026).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Arg-1 and GPC-3 in distinguishing HCC from non-hepatocellular carcinoma were 93.6％,100％,100％,81.1％ and 90.4％,86％,96.0％,71.2％,respectively.Conclusion Arg-1 is a sensitive and specific marker of hepatocytes.The application of Arg-1 and GPC-3 is of great significance in diagnosis of HCC and liver metastatic adenocarcinoma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To achieve differential diagnosis of normal and malignant gastric tissues based on discrepancies in their dielectric properties using support vector machine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The dielectric properties of normal and malignant gastric tissues at the frequency ranging from 42.58 to 500 MHz were measured by coaxial probe method, and the Cole?Cole model was used to fit the measured data. Receiver?operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discrimination capability with respect to permittivity, conductivity, and Cole?Cole fitting parameters. Support vector machine was used for discriminating normal and malignant gastric tissues, and the discrimination accuracy was calculated using k?fold cross?</p><p><b></b>VALIDATION</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The area under the ROC curve was above 0.8 for permittivity at the 5 frequencies at the lower end of the measured frequency range. The combination of the support vector machine with the permittivity at all these 5 frequencies combined achieved the highest discrimination accuracy of 84.38% with a MATLAB runtime of 3.40 s.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The support vector machine?assisted diagnosis is feasible for human malignant gastric tissues based on the dielectric properties.</p>
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Classic problem-based learning ( PBL ) was applied in a medical microbiology course.The results of questionnaire survey showed most of the students were satisfied with the whole learning program.They thought the case was appropriate,and the discussing could increase their understanding of the knowledge.Based on the problems faced during the application and the students' feedback,the duty of the tutors,summary of the learning topic,arrangement of the course,application of different teaching methods,and selection of the tutors were discussed in detail.
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PBL(Problem-Based Learning, PBL) is a problem-oriented and effective supplementary teaching method. PBL is giving a great help to improve self-learning, communication and cooperation, thinking and problems solving abilities for the students. In the process of PBL teaching, attention should be paid to two important items. One item is the role transfer for the teacher. Teacher is only a guider in PBL teaching, teacher should avoid excessive interfere of the process for keeping the passion and enthusiasm of the students. Meanwhile, students should always be realized that they are the main part in PBL teaching, they should not depend on their teacher too much. Another important item is how to find and solve the frequently encountered problems, in order to avoid students wandering from the subject, and lead them toward the main goal to get effective teaching and learning.
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APOBEC(apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic-polypeptide) family members were reported as innate immune molecules with anti-viral activity for many viruses, such as HIV and HBV.In order to understand the function of APOBEC, the APOBEC-3F and-3G were cloned, expressed, and the sub-cellular localization of them was detected.The genes of APBEC-3F and-3G were cloned from PHA-stimulated PMBC and expressed in the MDCK cell by transfection.The sub-cellular localization of APOBEC-3F and-3G were detected by immunofluorescence.APOBEC-3F and-3G were cloned by RT-PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing.The immunofluorescence indicated APOBEC-3F and-3G were located in the cytosal.APOBEC-3F and-3G could inhibit HBV replication effectively in HepG2.2.15 cell.APOBEC-3F and-3G could not be trans-located into nuclear by nuclear location signal(NLS) or bi-NLS(B-NLS).These results will help the future research on the function of APOBEC.
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Objective Under different standard uptake value(SUV),to assess gross tumor volume (GTV) definition for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (~(18)FDG PET) both under definite threshold (42 percent threshold) and various relative threshold (threshold SUV/maximum SUV) derived from the linear regressive function,threshold SUV=0.307?(mean target SUV)+0.588,with computer tomography (CT).Methods Of 20 patients with non-small cell lung cancer,the CT GTV (GTV_(?)).PET GTV with 42 percents threshold (GTV_(42%)) and PET GTV with relative threshold (GTV_(?)) were obtained and compared.Results The mean GTV_(42%),,mean GTV_(?) and mean GTV_(CT) was (13 812.5?13 841.4),(24 325.3?22 454.7) and (28 350.9?26 079.8)mm~3,respectively,with the difference in mean GTV among these three methods significant (F =10,P＜0.01).The GTV_(42%) was smaller than the GTV_(?) and the GTV_(CT)(P＜0.01),with i(?)significant difference between GTV_(?) and GTV_(CT)(P=0.125).Conclusion The relative threshold is more suitable to define the gross tumor volume than the definite threshold.
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Some research on intelligent non-invasive temporary pacemakers is introduced in this paper. An industrial computer, some IC chips and other elements are used to construct its hardware, and its software is in C++ language. The experimental device has some intelligent functions of recognizing some arrhythmia. The system has a pacemaker module and an ECG monitor module. Its software includes a main program, a RS-232C communication program, a printer VxD, a pacing control VxD and ECG signal pretreatment and recognizing program and so on. The pacing-generating circuit is employed to make the precision control of pacing current. The communication between industrial-computer system and ECG module is completed through the DLL. The real time processing of ECG signals is based on filter method for a higher recognizing ratio. The system calculates several parameters to recognize certain arrhythmia and uses MIT/BIH database to validate the reliability of ECG recognition.
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Humans , Algorithms , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Artificial Intelligence , Echocardiography , Equipment Design , Pacemaker, Artificial , Classification , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Software DesignABSTRACT
Objective: To detect anti tubular basement membrane antibodies in sera from patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and investigate its clinical significance. Methods: The sera were studied from 46 patients with renal biopsy proven TIN. The normal human renal cortex was obtained from patients with nephroectomy, far from carcinoma. Tubules were isolated by a differential sieving technique. The fragments of renal epithelia were removed from tubular basement membrane enriched materials by sonication and centrifugation. Tubular basement membrane antigens were solubilized with 6 mol/L guanidine HCl. The soluble proteins were used as antigens in Western blot analysis to detect autoantibodies in sera from patients with TIN. The clinical characteristics of positive and negative patients were statistically analyzed. Results: Eleven patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis had anti tubular basement membrane antibodies by Western blot analysis, and seven protein bands could be blotted by the TIN sera. The positive prevalence of anti 55?10 3 antibody (63.8%) was higher than that of other antibodies. Eight of 27 (29.6%) patients with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and four of 19 (21.1%) patients with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis had anti tubular basement membrane antibodies. ESR,serum IgG and IgM in patients with acute TIN with positive anti tubular basement membrane antibodies were higher than those of the negative group There was no significant difference in the other clinical variables such as gender,age,hemoglobin,complement C 3,serum IgA,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance in patients with acute TIN between the positive and negative groups .There was no significant difference in clinical variables mentioned above in patients with chronic TIN between the positive and negative groups. Conclusion: Circulating anti tubular basement membrane antibodies could be detected in sera from some patients with TIN, and autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of TIN.
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This paper presents a high voltage generator for the defibrillator.Its principle and design method are introduced.The high voltage generator is the core part of the defibrillator which is necessary toany hospital.There is nodomestic-patented defibrillator by now and published paper specialized in the principle and design method of the high voltage generator for the defibrillator.
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Objective To study the detectable rate of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in Chinese patients with clinical suspected small vessel vasculitis,and the target antigens.Methods All 5 604 sera sent to the authors′ laboratory for ANCA screening were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF),anti myeloperoxidase (MPO),and anti proteinase 3 (PR3) ELISA.Then the positive sera with IIF ANCA but negetive with MPO and PR3 ANCA were further tested by antigen sepecific ELISA using other five highly purified known ANCA antigens as solidphase ligands.The known antigens included human leukocyte elastase (HLE),lactoferrin (LF),cathepsin G (CG),bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) and azurocidin (AZU).Results Of the 5 604 sera,298(5 3%) were IIF ANCA positive,and 390/5 604(7%) were ANA positive.Patients′ANCA presented mainly in summer or winter.Of the IIF ANCA positive patients,213 were anti MPO positive,32 were anti PR3 positive and 5 were positive for both.Of the 48 sera positive by IIF,yet negative by MPO and PR3 ANCA,13 sera(27%) recognized other target antigens,7 sera recognized BPI,5 recognized HLE,one recognized CG and one recognized AZU,and none of the sera recognized LF.One serum recognized both BPI and HLE.There was no difference in gender(M∶F=1∶1 12) in ANCA positive patient with a mean age of 53 1 years.However,the M/F ratio was 1 17∶1 for patients over 60 years,and was 1∶4 for patients less than 20 years.Conclusion ANCA related diseases are not rare in China and the major antigens are MPO and PR3.When IIF technique is used to detect ANCA,ANA should be carefully distinguished.Some sera also recognized other known ANCA antigens,but for a few sera the target ANCA antigens are still unkown.
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Objective\ To evaluate the possibility of predicting renal function from creatinine clearance calculated by lean body weight(LBWCcr).Methods\ 81 patients of renal disease were selected.The ratio between 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion(24hUcr)and lean body weight(LBW)was evaluated in 51 patients.The other 30 patients was determined DTPA-GFR,LBWCcr and 4hCcr.DTPA-GFR was used as criteria.LBWCcr and 4hCcr were compared with it in order to validate the feasibility of LBWCcr and 4hCcr.Results\ There was no statistical significance among the three methods,P=0 56 The correlation coefficient between LBWCcr and 4hCcr with DTPA-GFR was 0 89 and 0 86,respectively.The analysis of linearity regression showed that the trend of LBWCcr was better than 4hCcrmin in predicting renal function.In fatty group and renal failure group the results were similar.Conclusion\ LBWCcr can estimate the renal function accurately,simply and rapidly.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility whether clearance of iohexol can be a reliable, sensitive and safe method for the determination of GFR. Methods The GFR of 19 patients with different renal functions were examined using clearance of 99m Tc-DTPA and clearance of iohexol. Then the correlation of them was analyzed. Serum and urinary iohexol was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Results, These two methods were significantly correlated (r = 0. 98). Conclusion Clearance of iohexol is a safe, comfident, no-radioactivity method for the clinical practice of GFR determination.