Application of proanthocyanidin in the treatment and repair of deep caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#Proanthocyanidin (PA), as a kind of natural plant polyphenol, have a variety of biological functions, such as promoting remineralization, inducing collagen cross-linking, inhibiting protease activity and inhibiting bacteria. Therefore, PA could be broadly used in the clinical application of treatment and repair of deep caries in the future; for example, PA could promote dentin remineralization, improve resin-dentin bonding durability and improve the dentin acid erosion effect. This application potential of PA arises from several features, firstly, PA can not only promote dentin remineralization on its own or with other remineralizers but also exhibits antibacterial effects, which can inhibit acid production while reducing the formation of cariogenic pathogens and their biofilms. Based on the above features, PA can reduce the incidence of caries disease; thus, PA improves deep caries and long-term effects after treatment. In addition, PA added to adhesives or etch agents can improve the etching and bonding effect of dentin by inducing collagen cross-linking and inhibiting protease activity, thus achieving the ultimate goal of improving the bonding performance of deep caries. This paper summarizes recent progress of research on PA for the treatment and repair of deep caries, including the promotion of dentin remineralization and antibacterial activity as well as the improvement in dentin bonding and acid etching effect, to provide a more comprehensive reference for treating and restoring deep caries in clinical practice.

E-cigarette use among middle school students in Hainan Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate of e-cigarette use among middle school students in Hainan Province, so as to provide insights into tobacco control among adolescents.@*Methods@#Students were randomly sampled using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method from three junior high schools, two high schools and one vocational high school in Hainan Province from July to October, 2021. Participants' basic features, use of e-cigarettes, e-cigarette advertising exposure were collected using the Questionnaire on Tobacco and Alcohol Prevalence among Chinese Adolescents in 2021 prepared by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Following data weighting, students' use of e-cigarettes and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements were descriptively analyzed, and factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 8 561 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 538 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.73%. The respondents included 4 470 boys (52.35%) and 4 068 girls (47.65%), and there 4 367 junior high school students (51.15%), 3 482 high school students (40.78%), and 689 vocational high school students (8.07%). The rate of e-cigarette use was 25.01% and the rate of current e-cigarette use was 4.68%. There were 2 728 respondents with exposure to e-cigarette advertising during the past 30 days, and the number of weighted individuals were 210 932 (32.60%). The route of e-cigarette advertising exposure mainly included point-of-sale (21.59%), stores (13.61%), and shopping websites (9.01%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified region (OR=0.610, 95%CI: 0.482-0.772), males (OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.062-1.669), high school students (OR=0.376, 95%CI: 0.259-0.545), companion smoking (OR=6.645, 95%CI: 4.935-8.948) and advertising exposure (OR=3.229, 95%CI: 2.581-4.040) as factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes. @*Conclusions@#The use of e-cigarettes among middle school students is higher in Hainan Province than the national level, and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements may facilitate use of e-cigarettes. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of e-cigarettes, strictly restrict e-cigarettes advertisements and promotions.

Investigation on occupational hazards of non-coal mines in Hunan Province in 2021 / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective - To understand the status of occupational hazards in non coal mine mountains in Hunan Province. Methods - - A cross sectional survey was conducted on 432 non coal mining enterprises in Hunan Province in 2021. The field ， occupational health survey occupational disease hazard factors detection and occupational health monitoring data analysis were Results - carried out. Limited liability companies and private enterprises were the main economic types of non coal mining ， ， mountains in Hunan Province accounting for 55.3% and 32.4% respectively. The size of enterprises was mainly small and ， ； - micro enterprises accounting for 59.3% and 35.2% respectively 78.0% of the enterprises were in non metallic mining. The - ， over standard rates of silica dust and noise in workplaces were 17.1% and 29.4% respectively. The exposure rate of ， （P ） occupational hazard factor was 47.3%. The smaller the enterprise scale the higher the exposure rate <0.01 . The number of ， ， people exposed to silica dust and noise was the largest with the exposure rate of 29.4% and 31.0% respectively. The rates of ， occupational health training for persons in charge of enterprises occupational health management personnel and workers were ， ， ， 73.8% 73.4% and 85.0% respectively. The smaller the enterprise scale the lower the occupational health training rates of ， ， enterprise leaders occupational health management personnel and workers and the lower the implementation rates of （ P ） - - enterprise occupational health examination all <0.05 . The fully installed rate and effective rate of occupational disease ； prevention facilities were 6.9% and 1.6% respectively and the fully deployed rate and effective wearing rate of personal ， protective equipment were 11.1% and 6.2% respectively. The detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected ， Conclusion occupational diseases in workers exposed to silica dust and noise were 2.0% and 2.9% respectively. The - ， occupational risks such as silica dust and noise are serious in non coal mine mountains of Hunan Province and the foundation of occupational health management is weak in small and micro enterprises.

Physical activity, sedentary behavior and associations with built environment for children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Physical inactivity and prolonged sedentary time are currently important health issues for children and adolescents. More evidences are required in the field of physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and review the relevant research progress regarding health implications of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior,and possible role of built environment. With the ultimate goal of health promotion for children and adolescents, the priority strategy might focus on increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior through modifying the built environment.

Research progress on oral characterization of Corona Virus Disease 2019 / 口腔疾病防治

@#Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19) has become a public health emergency that has attracted global attention because of its large-scale outbreak resulting in numerous human infections and deaths. COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV. Due to a large number of infections and fast transmission speed, it's significant to diagnose the infected people quickly and detect the asymptomatic infected people as soon as possible. At present, the preliminary screening is judged by the clinical manifestations of the patients, mainly involving the respiratory system, but recent studies have found that the patients infected with COVID-19 have unique oral manifestations, such as taste disturbance, xerostomia, halitosis, inflammation of salivary glands, necrotizing periodontal disease and some of them are earlier than typical symptoms such as dry cough, fever, etc. Paying attention to the oral manifestations of patients can further improve the COVID-19 screening procedure. At present, symptomatic treatment is mainly used for these oral symptoms.

Biomimetic restoration and regeneration of dentin and cementum / 口腔疾病防治

@#Dental hard tissues lack the ability to self-heal. In dentin and cementum, hydroxyapatite (HA) can exist outside and/or inside collagen fibers. It is difficult to repair or regenerate HA with a highly ordered orientation in the presence of collagen fibers. At present, the biomimetic mineralization of dentin and cementum, mainly carried out by imitating its biological formation process and its physiological structure, can be divided into those originating from the fiber mineralization mechanism and those with HA as the main component. The materials used include natural materials such as demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) and calcined bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA), and synthetic materials such as polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) and synthetic HA. In the future, natural materials and synthetic materials should be combined for the restoration and regeneration of dentin and cementum by means of biomimetic mineralization of calcium phosphate released by remineralization solution-HA.

Identification of potential genetic markers in prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients by bioinformatic analysis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To analyze the differentially expressed genes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from paracarcinoma through biological information analysis to preliminarily identify OSCC-associated genes. @*Methods@#GSE23558, GSE37991 and GSE30784 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which is the mRNA expression profile dataset. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING online tool, and Cytoscape was used to filter the critical genes. Furthermore, key genes involved in the survival of patients with OSCC were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The expression of hub genes was validated based on GEPIA（http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/）. @*Results @#A total of 212 DEGs were screened, and further analysis revealed 16 core genes, among which the core genes associated with prognosis included aurora kinase A (AURKA), aurora kinase B (AURKB), apoptosis inhibiting factor 5 (BIRC5), cell division cycle 6 (CDC6), E2F transcription factor 7 (E2F7), ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1). These key genes were highly expressed in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and the survival time of patients was short; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion @# AURKA, AURKB, BIRC5, CDC6, E2F7 and UHRF1 may be useful as potential biomarkers for OSCC prognosis prediction.

Outcomes of chronic total occlusions in coronary arteries according to three therapeutic strategies: a meta-analysis with 6985 patients from 8 published observational studies

Abstract Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and medical treatment (MT) in patients with chronic total occlusions (CTOs). Methods: We identified eligible observational studies published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, PubMed, Excerpta Medica database, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and "Clinical trials" registration from 1999 to October 2018. Main outcome measures were all-cause mortality, cardiac death, major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), and myocardial infarction (MI). Results: There were eight observational studies including 6985 patients. Patients' mean age was 64.4 years. Mean follow-up time was 4.3 years. Comparing with MT (2958 patients), PCI (3157 patients) presented decreased all-cause mortality (odd ratio [OR]: 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36-0.60; P<0.001), cardiac death (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.31-0.52; P<0.001), MACE (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43-0.71; P<0.001), and MI (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26-0.62; P<0.001). Comparing with MT, CABG (613 patients) presented lower all-cause mortality (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.36-0.69; P<0.001) and MACE (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.96; P=0.04), but not lower MI (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.03-1.54; P=0.13) and cardiac death (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.51-1.35). Comparing with CABG, PCI did not present decreased risk for those outcomes. Conclusions: PCI or CABG was associated with better clinical outcome in patients with CTO than MT. PCI is not better than CABG in decreasing mortality, MI, cardiac death, and MACE in coronary CTO patients.

Characterization of the intestinal graft in a swine hypotensive after brain death model

Abstract Purpose: To establish a hypotensive brain death pig model and observe the effects of hypotension on small bowel donors. Methods: The hypotensive brain death model was produced using the modified intracranial water sac inflation method in ten domestic crossbred pigs. Effects of hypotensive brain death on small bowel tissue morphology were evaluated through changes in intestinal tissue pathology, tight junction protein of the intestinal mucosa and plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (i-FABP) levels. The pathophysiological mechanism was examined based on changes in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow and systemic hemodynamics. Results: After model establishment, SMA blood flow, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly decreased, while heart rate increased rapidly and fluctuated significantly. Small bowel tissue morphology and levels of tight junction protein of the intestinal mucosa showed that after model establishment, small bowel tissue injury was gradually aggravated over time (P<0.05). Plasma i-FABP levels significantly increased after brain death (P<0.05). Conclusions: A hypotensive brain death pig model was successfully established using an improved intracranial water sac inflation method. This method offers a possibility of describing the injury mechanisms more clearly during and after brain death.

Artesunate promotes Th1 differentiation from CD4+ T cells to enhance cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer via miR-142

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of artesunate on Th1 differentiation and its anti-tumor effect on ovarian cancer. A Murine ovarian cancer model was established by ID8 cells transplantation. The expression of miR-142 and Sirt1 proteins in peripheral CD4+ T cells were quantified with qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Peripheral CD4+ T cells were induced for Th1 differentiation. The percentages of apoptosis of Th1/CD4+ T cells and ovarian cancer cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The IFN-γ level was examined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Artesunate promoted miR-142 expression in peripheral CD4+ T cells and Th1 differentiation from CD4+ T cells. Artesunate promoted cell apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by inducing Th1 differentiation. By up-regulating miR-142, artesunate suppressed Sirt1 level and promoted Th1 differentiation. Artesunate enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of Th1 cells on ovarian cancer via the miR-142/Sirt1 pathway. Artesunate promoted Th1 differentiation from CD4+ T cells by down-regulating Sirt1 through miR-142, thereby enhancing cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer.

Trend analysis of serum uric acid levels in health check-up subjects of Tianjin municipality 2007-2015 / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To assess the changing trend of serum uric acid (SUA) levles in health check-up subjects of Tianjin municipality 2007-2015.Method Data were collected from 266 043 subjects receiving annual health check-up from 2007 to 2015 in Tianjin municipality.Changing trends of SUA levels and incidence of hyperuricemia were analyzed during the 9 year period.Results From 2007 to 2015 SUA levels in males were increased from (347 ± 73) μmol/L to (373-± 78) μmol/L,while in females were increased from(253 ± 59) μmol/L to (267-± 61) μmol/L.The trend test showed that both for men and woinen the incidence of hypemricemia was increased in each year (men:x2 =270.30,women:x2 =15.10,both P =0.00).The incidence of hyperuricemia by each year was increased more markedly in men than that in women (x2 level:194.80-1 877.00,all P =0.00).The incidence of hyperuricemia in young adults (20-39) was higher than that in middle-ages (40-59),and the latter was higher than that in elderly (＞ 60).For the 7-year (2009-2015) incidence of hyperuricemia in young and middle-aged men,the trend test showed statistical siganificance (x2 level:14.11-233.90,all P =0.00).By contrast,the incidence hyperuricemia in women was increased with aging,and for the 9-year incidence of hyperuricemia in young women,the trend test showed statistical siganificance (x2 level:115.30-480.20,all P =0.00).Conclusion The incidence rates of hyperuricemia are high in Tianjin health check-up subjects,especiallly in young males and old females.There is a time trend of increasing incidence of hyperuricemia in the young and middle-aged subjects.The results indicate that the prevention and control of hyperuricemia in Tianjin are of clinical and social significance.

Characterization of Acute Renal Allograft Rejection by Human Serum Proteomic Analysis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To identify acute renal allograft rejection biomarkers in human serum, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatog-raphy (RP-HPLC) followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were used. Serum samples from renal allograft patients and normal volunteers were divided into three groups: acute rejec-tion (AR), stable renal function (SRF) and normal volunteer (N). Serum samples were firstly processed using Multiple Affinity Removal Column to selectively remove the highest abundance proteins. Differ-entially expressed proteins were analyzed using 2-D DIGE. These differential protein spots were ex-cised, digested by trypsin, and identified by RP-HPLC-ESI/MS. Twenty-two differentially expressed proteins were identified in serum from AR group. These proteins included complement C9 precursor,apolipoprotein A-Ⅳ precursor, vitamin D-binding protein precursor, beta-2-glycoprotein 1 precursor,etc. Vitamin D-binding protein, one of these proteins, was confirmed by ELISA in the independent set of serum samples. In conclusion, the differentially expressed proteins as serum biomarker candidates may provide the basis of acute rejection noninvasive diagnosis. Confirmed vitamin D-binding protein may be one of serum biomarkers of acute rejection. Furthermore, it may provide great insights into un-derstanding the mechanisms and potential treatment strategy of acute rejection.