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1.
Acta ortop. mex ; 36(4): 216-222, jul.-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1519957

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: las fracturas del radio distal son las más comunes en extremidades superiores. Estandarizar las mediciones radiográficas para su abordaje quirúrgico es importante. Este estudio midió la reproducibilidad intra/interobservador de parámetros radiográficos asociados al éxito quirúrgico en estas fracturas. Material y métodos: diseño transversal retrospectivo con datos secundarios de expedientes clínicos. Se evaluaron radiografías de 112 fracturas en planos posteroanterior y lateral por dos traumatólogos estandarizados en toma de mediciones para calcular cinco parámetros indicativos de éxito postquirúrgico: altura radial, inclinación radial, inclinación volar, varianza cubital y escalón articular. La reproducibilidad de distancias y ángulos se evaluó con el método de Bland-Altman calculando: diferencia media entre mediciones, rango a ± 2 DE y proporción de mediciones fuera de ± 2 DE. El éxito postquirúrgico se comparó en pacientes con/sin obesidad según la media de las dos mediciones de cada evaluador. Resultados: el evaluador 1 tuvo la mayor diferencia intraobservador en altura radial (0.16 mm) y la mayor proporción fuera de ± 2 DE en varianza cubital (8.1%); el evaluador 2 tuvo la mayor diferencia en inclinación volar (1.92o) y la mayor proporción en inclinación radial (10.7%). La mayor diferencia interobservador fue en varianza cubital (1.02 mm) y la mayor proporción fuera de ± 2 DE en altura radial (5.4%). La inclinación radial tuvo la mayor diferencia (1.41o) con 4.5% de mediciones fuera de ± 2 DE. La varianza cubital y la inclinación volar tuvieron la mayor diferencia de éxito postquirúrgico entre evaluadores, sobre todo en pacientes con obesidad. Conclusión: mejorar la calidad radiográfica y estandarizar las mediciones resulta en indicadores más reproducibles.


Abstract: Introduction: distal radius fractures are the most common in upper extremities. Therefore, it is important to standardize radiographic measures for their surgical approach. This study assessed the intra/interobserver reproducibility of radiographic parameters associated with surgical success of distal radius fractures. Material and methods: retrospective cross-sectional design of secondary data extracted from clinical records. Posteroanterior and lateral X-rays of 112 distal radius fractures were assessed by two trauma specialists standardized in the measurements required to compute five parameters indicative of postoperative success: radial height, radial inclination, volar tilt, ulnar variance, and articular stepoff. The reproducibility of distances and angles was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method, calculating the mean of the difference between measurements, the range at ± 2 SD, and the proportion of measurements outside ± 2 SD. Postoperative success was also compared between patients with and without obesity according to the mean of the two measures made by each evaluator. Results: evaluator 1 had the largest intra-observer difference in radial height (0.16 mm) and the largest proportion outside ± 2 SD in ulnar variance (8.1%); evaluator 2 had the largest difference in volar tilt (1.92o) and the highest proportion in radial inclination (10.7%). The largest inter-observer difference was for ulnar variance (1.02 mm) and the largest proportion outside ± 2 SD. for radial height (5.4%). Radial tilt had the largest difference (1.41o) with 4.5% of measurements outside ± 2 SD. Ulnar variance and volar tilt had the largest difference in postoperative success between evaluators, especially in patients with obesity. Conclusion: improving the radiographic quality and standardizing the measurements results in more reproducible indicators.

2.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 50(3): 186-193, 20220000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1400885

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El método de referencia para diagnosticar el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es la polisomnografía, esta no es diagnóstica en otros trastornos respiratorios del sueño, por lo que es necesario la implementación de puntajes predictivos para diferenciar aquellos pacientes que tienen más riesgos de padecer SAHOS y necesiten de una polisomnografía. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el puntaje NoSAS y la escala de Berlín frente a la polisomnografía tipo 1 en pacientes con sospecha de SAHOS. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas. A 264 pacientes se les realizó una polisomnografía basal, la aplicación del puntaje NoSAS y la escala de Berlín; luego, se hizo el análisis de las pruebas diagnósticas y se calculó el rendimiento de cada una en relación con el índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH). Resultados: La sensibilidad del puntaje NoSAS para un IAH ≥ 20 fue 88,57% con intervalo de confianza (IC) 95% 80,4-96,74; especificidad 56,70 %; IC 95% 49,47-63,93 y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) de 93,22, IC 95% 91,70- 99,82. Para la escala de Berlín, la sensibilidad fue de 81,43%, IC 95% 71,60-91,25; especificidad de 58,76%, IC 95% 51,58-65,95 y VPN 89,76%, IC 95% 89,08-98,32. Conclusión: Se demostró que el puntaje NoSAS y la escala de Berlín tienen una buena sensibilidad para descartar a las personas con un menor riesgo de SAHOS. Un paciente clasificado de bajo riesgo probablemente está sano o tiene bajo riesgo para SAHOS moderado a severo y no requeriría de una polisomnografía inicial.


Introduction: The gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the polysomnography, and it is not a diagnostic tool for another sleep breathing disorders, so that it is necessary to implement predictive scores to differentiate those patients who have more risk of suffering OSAHS, therefore they need a polysomnography. The aim to this study was to validate the NoSAS score and Berlin scale in relation to the polysomnography type 1, in patients who have the clinical suspicion of OSAHS. Material and methods: Diagnostic tests study. 264 patients underwent polysomnography, and the NoSAS score and Berlin scale were applied to them. After that, the diagnostic tests analysis was done and the performance of each one of them was calculated in relation to the apnea- hypopnea index (AHI). Results: The sensitivity of the NoSAS score for an AHI ≥ 20 was 88.57%, confidence interval (CI) 95% (80.4-96.74), specificity 56.70 %, CI 95% (49.47-63.93), and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 93.22, CI 95% (91.70-99.82). For Berlin scale the sensitivity was 81.43%, CI 95% (71.60-91.25), specificity 58.76%, CI 95% (51.58-65.95) and NPV 89.76%, CI 95% (89.08-98.32). Conclusions: It was shown that NoSAS score and Berlin scale have a good sensitivity to rule out people who have less OSAHS risk. A patient classified as low risk, probably is healthy or at low risk for moderate to severe OSAHS and would not require an initial polysomnography.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity , Polysomnography , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Octogenarians
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-8, 2022. graf, tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468449

ABSTRACT

Aedes aegypti is a culicide that has gained relevance over the years due to its ability to transmit various viruses that cause diseases in humans that all the years cause high mortality rates in the world population. The main problem is that Ae. aegypti has managed to establish and maintain a close relationship with humans and their habitat, which is why the search for alternatives to control vector populations becomes imperative. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of two Beauveria bassiana strains on Aedes aegypti. Third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti in 250 mL plastic containers were inoculated with the GHA and NB3 strains at different concentrations (1.5 × 104, 1.5× 105, 1.5 × 106 and 1.5 × 107 conidia/mL). The NB3 strain presented highest mortality values with 63% in the highest concentration i.e., 1.5 × 107, while for the GHA strain the highest mortality value was 30.7% at the same concentration. The results showed significant difference in mortality with respect to the strain and days post treatment (P = 0.0001), but not with respect to the conidial concentration (P = 0.634). The average mortality of larvae per day for the NB3 for different concentrations ranged from 20 to 25 larvae per day, while for the GHA daily mortality ranged from 5 to 12 larvae. In post-treatment mortality, the highest mortality was recorded in the third stage larvae for the NB3, while for GHA the highest percentage mortality was observed in individuals who managed to reach the adult state. The findings of the current research depicted the noteworthy role of B. bassiana for the management of an important vector of human disease.


O Aedes aegypti é um culicida que vem ganhando relevância ao longo dos anos devido à sua capacidade de transmitir diversos vírus causadores de doenças em humanos que ao longo dos anos ocasionam altas taxas de mortalidade na população mundial. O principal problema é que Ae. aegypti tem conseguido estabelecer e manter uma relação próxima com o homem e seu habitat, por isso a busca por alternativas para o controle das populações de vetores torna-se imperativa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos de duas cepas de Beauveria bassiana sobre Ae. aegypti. Larvas de terceiro instar de Ae. aegypti em recipientes plásticos de 250 mL foram inoculados com as cepas GHA e NB3 em diferentes concentrações (1.5 × 104, 1.5 × 105, 1.5 × 106 e 1.5 × 107 conídios/mL). A cepa NB3 apresentou os maiores valores de mortalidade com 63% na concentração mais alta, ou seja, 1.5 × 107, enquanto para a cepa GHA o maior valor de mortalidade foi 30.7% na mesma concentração. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa na mortalidade com relação à cepa e dias pós-tratamento (P = 0.0001), mas não com relação à concentração de conídios (P = 0.634). A mortalidade média de larvas por dia para o NB3 para diferentes concentrações variou de 20 a 25 larvas por dia, enquanto para o GHA a mortalidade diária variou de 5 a 12 larvas. Na mortalidade pós-tratamento, a maior mortalidade foi registrada nas larvas de terceiro estágio para o NB3, enquanto para o GHA o maior percentual de mortalidade foi observado em indivíduos que conseguiram atingir o estado adulto. Os resultados da pesquisa atual retratam o papel notável de B. bassiana no manejo de um importante vetor de doenças humanas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aedes , Beauveria/pathogenicity , Pest Control/methods , Arbovirus Infections/veterinary
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 822022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468636

ABSTRACT

Abstract Aedes aegypti is a culicide that has gained relevance over the years due to its ability to transmit various viruses that cause diseases in humans that all the years cause high mortality rates in the world population. The main problem is that Ae. aegypti has managed to establish and maintain a close relationship with humans and their habitat, which is why the search for alternatives to control vector populations becomes imperative. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of two Beauveria bassiana strains on Aedes aegypti. Third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti in 250 mL plastic containers were inoculated with the GHA and NB3 strains at different concentrations (1.5 × 104, 1.5× 105, 1.5 × 106 and 1.5 × 107 conidia/mL). The NB3 strain presented highest mortality values with 63% in the highest concentration i.e., 1.5 × 107, while for the GHA strain the highest mortality value was 30.7% at the same concentration. The results showed significant difference in mortality with respect to the strain and days post treatment (P = 0.0001), but not with respect to the conidial concentration (P = 0.634). The average mortality of larvae per day for the NB3 for different concentrations ranged from 20 to 25 larvae per day, while for the GHA daily mortality ranged from 5 to 12 larvae. In post-treatment mortality, the highest mortality was recorded in the third stage larvae for the NB3, while for GHA the highest percentage mortality was observed in individuals who managed to reach the adult state. The findings of the current research depicted the noteworthy role of B. bassiana for the management of an important vector of human disease.


Resumo O Aedes aegypti é um culicida que vem ganhando relevância ao longo dos anos devido à sua capacidade de transmitir diversos vírus causadores de doenças em humanos que ao longo dos anos ocasionam altas taxas de mortalidade na população mundial. O principal problema é que Ae. aegypti tem conseguido estabelecer e manter uma relação próxima com o homem e seu habitat, por isso a busca por alternativas para o controle das populações de vetores torna-se imperativa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos de duas cepas de Beauveria bassiana sobre Ae. aegypti. Larvas de terceiro instar de Ae. aegypti em recipientes plásticos de 250 mL foram inoculados com as cepas GHA e NB3 em diferentes concentrações (1.5 × 104, 1.5 × 105, 1.5 × 106 e 1.5 × 107 conídios/mL). A cepa NB3 apresentou os maiores valores de mortalidade com 63% na concentração mais alta, ou seja, 1.5 × 107, enquanto para a cepa GHA o maior valor de mortalidade foi 30.7% na mesma concentração. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa na mortalidade com relação à cepa e dias pós-tratamento (P = 0.0001), mas não com relação à concentração de conídios (P = 0.634). A mortalidade média de larvas por dia para o NB3 para diferentes concentrações variou de 20 a 25 larvas por dia, enquanto para o GHA a mortalidade diária variou de 5 a 12 larvas. Na mortalidade pós-tratamento, a maior mortalidade foi registrada nas larvas de terceiro estágio para o NB3, enquanto para o GHA o maior percentual de mortalidade foi observado em indivíduos que conseguiram atingir o estado adulto. Os resultados da pesquisa atual retratam o papel notável de B. bassiana no manejo de um importante vetor de doenças humanas.

5.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e237789, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1249272

ABSTRACT

Aedes aegypti is a culicide that has gained relevance over the years due to its ability to transmit various viruses that cause diseases in humans that all the years cause high mortality rates in the world population. The main problem is that Ae. aegypti has managed to establish and maintain a close relationship with humans and their habitat, which is why the search for alternatives to control vector populations becomes imperative. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of two Beauveria bassiana strains on Aedes aegypti. Third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti in 250 mL plastic containers were inoculated with the GHA and NB3 strains at different concentrations (1.5 × 104 , 1.5× 105 , 1.5 × 106 and 1.5 × 107 conidia/mL). The NB3 strain presented highest mortality values with 63% in the highest concentration i.e., 1.5 × 107 , while for the GHA strain the highest mortality value was 30.7% at the same concentration. The results showed significant difference in mortality with respect to the strain and days post treatment (P = 0.0001), but not with respect to the conidial concentration (P = 0.634). The average mortality of larvae per day for the NB3 for different concentrations ranged from 20 to 25 larvae per day, while for the GHA daily mortality ranged from 5 to 12 larvae. In post-treatment mortality, the highest mortality was recorded in the third stage larvae for the NB3, while for GHA the highest percentage mortality was observed in individuals who managed to reach the adult state. The findings of the current research depicted the noteworthy role of B. bassiana for the management of an important vector of human disease.


O Aedes aegypti é um culicida que vem ganhando relevância ao longo dos anos devido à sua capacidade de transmitir diversos vírus causadores de doenças em humanos que ao longo dos anos ocasionam altas taxas de mortalidade na população mundial. O principal problema é que Ae. aegypti tem conseguido estabelecer e manter uma relação próxima com o homem e seu habitat, por isso a busca por alternativas para o controle das populações de vetores torna-se imperativa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos de duas cepas de Beauveria bassiana sobre Ae. aegypti. Larvas de terceiro instar de Ae. aegypti em recipientes plásticos de 250 mL foram inoculados com as cepas GHA e NB3 em diferentes concentrações (1.5 × 104, 1.5 × 105, 1.5 × 106 e 1.5 × 107 conídios/mL). A cepa NB3 apresentou os maiores valores de mortalidade com 63% na concentração mais alta, ou seja, 1.5 × 107, enquanto para a cepa GHA o maior valor de mortalidade foi 30.7% na mesma concentração. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa na mortalidade com relação à cepa e dias pós-tratamento (P = 0.0001), mas não com relação à concentração de conídios (P = 0.634). A mortalidade média de larvas por dia para o NB3 para diferentes concentrações variou de 20 a 25 larvas por dia, enquanto para o GHA a mortalidade diária variou de 5 a 12 larvas. Na mortalidade pós-tratamento, a maior mortalidade foi registrada nas larvas de terceiro estágio para o NB3, enquanto para o GHA o maior percentual de mortalidade foi observado em indivíduos que conseguiram atingir o estado adulto. Os resultados da pesquisa atual retratam o papel notável de B. bassiana no manejo de um importante vetor de doenças humanas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Aedes , Beauveria , Disease Vectors , Mosquito Vectors , Larva
6.
Rev. enferm. neurol ; 20(3): 158-166, sep.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1372900

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los pacientes críticos, bajo sedación y apoyo ventilatorio invasivo presentan dolor, la barrera más grande para su detección es la incapacidad de comunicarse; sin embargo, el hecho de que el paciente no pueda referir su dolor, no significa que no lo padezca. Objetivo: describir las respuestas conductuales al dolor durante el cambio postural en pacientes sedados oro intubados. Material y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional, longitudinal. Muestra n= 50 pacientes, se utilizó la escala BPS (Behavioral Pain Scale) como instrumento de valoración del dolor, se midió en tres momentos: 1 minuto antes, durante y 10 minutos después del cambio postural. Resultados: el cambio postural del paciente con sedación y ventilación mecánica provocó dolor en 56% de los pacientes; antes de realizar el cambio postural se identificó una media del dolor de 4.6, durante el cambio postural aumento a 6.5 y posterior al cambio disminuyo a una media de 4, siendo un factor protector. Conclusiones: la movilización del paciente sedado oro intubado requiere de la participación del equipo multidisciplinar, para el manejo de la ventilación mecánica, el cuidado de sondas y catéteres, cuidados de la piel, prevención de caídas y aplicación correcta de la técnica de movilización, la cual demanda experiencia clínica del personal que participa en la valoración y manejo de las respuestas conductuales al dolor.


Introduction: critical patients, under sedation and invasive ventilatory support present pain, the greatest barrier to its detection is the inability to communicate, however, the fact that the patient cannot report their pain does not mean that they do not suffer from it. Objective: to describe the behavioral responses to pain during postural change in sedated or intubated patients. Material and Methods: quantitative, descriptive, observational, longitudinal study. Sample n = 50 patients, the BPS scale (Behavioral Pain Scale) was used as an instrument for assessing pain, it was measured at three moments: 1 minute before, during and 10 minutes after the postural change. Results: the postural change of the patient with sedation and mechanical ventilation caused unacceptable pain in 56% of the patients; Before making the postural change, a mean pain of 4.6 was identified, during the postural change it increased to 6.5 and after the change it decreased to a mean of 4, being a protective factor. Conclusions: the mobilization of the sedated or intubated patient requires the participation of the multidisciplinary team, for the management of mechanical ventilation, care of tubes and catheters, skin care, prevention of falls and correct application of the mobilization technique, which It demands clinical experience from the personnel involved in the assessment and management of behavioral responses to pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pain Measurement , Moving and Lifting Patients , Ventilators, Mechanical
7.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 45(2): e457, abr.-jun. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093648

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El síndrome de Meigs consiste en la asociación de tumor benigno de ovario tipo fibroma con ascitis e hidrotórax, que se resuelven tras la extirpación del tumor. El síndrome de pseudo-Meigs secundario al leiomioma uterino es una entidad rara. Presentación de caso: Mujer de 68 años que presentó una historia de un mes con sensación de opresión torácica y disnea. La radiografía de tórax reveló derrame pleural derecho. En la tomografía axial computarizada de abdomen y región pelviana se aprecia ascitis y un gran mioma uterino subseroso. Se sometió a una histerectomía abdominal total con salpingo-ooforectomía bilateral. Conclusiones: La ascitis y el derrame pleural desaparecieron rápidamente en el postoperatorio. Tras 20 meses de seguimiento, no hay recidiva de la enfermedad(AU)


Introduction: Meigs syndrome consists of the association of a benign tumor of the ovary "fibroma type" with ascites and hydrothorax, which resolve after the tumor is removed. The pseudo-Meigs syndrome secondary to uterine leiomyoma is a rare entity. Case report: A 68-year-old woman refered having a month with a sensation of chest tightness and dyspnea. Chest X-ray revealed right pleural effusion. Computed axial tomography of the abdomen and pelvic region shows ascites and a large subserous uterine myoma. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Conclusions: Ascites and pleural effusion disappeared rapidly in the postoperative period. After 20 months of follow-up, there is no recurrence(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Uterine Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Leiomyoma/diagnostic imaging , Meigs Syndrome/diagnosis , Meigs Syndrome/epidemiology
8.
Rev. argent. dermatol ; 98(1): 46-54, mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-843113

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en los últimos años el uso del cobre se ha propuesto como una alternativa para la disminución de IAAS. Objetivos: evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de un gel para manos, con nanomoléculas de cobre en cepas de: Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enteroccus faecalis, Escherichia coli y Pseudomona aeruginosa. Materiales y Método: estudio experimental in vitro. Se sembraron cepas de referencia (ATCC) en medios de cultivos y se colocaron cuatro discos de gasas estériles con gel de cobre, clorhexidina, alcohol gel y de agua destilada. Se midieron los halos a las 24, 48 hs y 7 días. Se utilizó la prueba de Anova y test HSD Tukey para análisis estadístico. Resultados: para C. albicans y C. parapsilosis el gel de cobre presentó un halo de inhibición a las 24, 48 hs y 7 días, siendo mayor al de clorhexidina (p< 0,001) en el caso de la C. albicans. Para S. aureus, E. coli y P. aeruginosa presentó un halo menor (p< 0,001) que el de clorhexidina a las 24 hs, sin embargo, no hubo inhibición a las 48 hs ni a los 7 días. En E. faecalis no hubo halo de inhibición a ningún tiempo. Conclusiones: el gel de cobre presentó actividad in vitro tanto para C. albicans como para C. parapsilosis, hasta los 7 días. Presentó actividad sobre S. aureus, E. coli y P. aeruginosa hasta las 24 hs. No presentó actividad antimicrobiana sobre E. faecalis.


Introduction: in the last few years the use of copper has been proposed as an alternative for reducing HAIs. Objective: to assess in vitro antimicrobial activity of a gel with copper nanomolecules on strains of Candida albicans , C. parapsilosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enteroccus faecalis , Escherichia coli and Pseudomona aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: in vitro experimental study. Reference strains (ATCC) were seeded in growth medium and then four disks of sterile gauze impregnated with gel copper, chlorhexidine, gel alcohol and distilled water were placed in the culture. Halos were measured at 24, 48 hours and 7 days. Anova test and Tukey HSD test were used to statistical analysis. Results: for C. albicans and C. parapsilosis copper gel provided an inhibition at 24, 48 hours and 7 days, being higher than chlorhexidine (p <0.001) in the case of C. albicans. For S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa copper gel showed a lower halo (p <0.001) than chlorhexidine at 16 and 24 hours, however there was no inhibition at 48 hrs or 7 days. In E. faecalis no inhibition halo was found at any time. Conclusions: the copper gel showed in vitro activity for C. albicans and C. parapsilosis up to 7 days. Presented activity on S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa up to 24 hrs. It did not show antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis.

9.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 85(3): 312-318, jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-719138

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Pediculosis es una ectoparasitosis que ha recibido poca atención en el norte de Chile, a pesar de que es recurrente en la población infantil escolar. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de Pediculus humanus capitis, en la población escolar básica de la Provincia de Arica. Pacientes y Método: Se estudió un grupo de 665 alumnos de enseñanza básica del sistema municipalizado, de la Provincia de Arica, durante agosto a noviembre de 2010. Se seleccionaron 467 niños que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Previo consentimiento informado de los alumnos y apoderados, el diagnóstico se llevó a cabo a través de la revisión a ojo descubierto de la cabeza de los escolares participantes, en dependencias de cada establecimiento, registrando la presencia de Pediculus humanus capitis, grado de infestación y estadio del ectoparásito. Resultados: De la población analizada, el 40,3 por ciento (188/467) presentó Pediculosis, afectando a las seis escuelas estudiadas. Las mujeres presentaron Pediculosis en un 55,2 por ciento (138/250) y los hombres un 23 por ciento (50/217). Conclusión: La población escolar de la Provincia de Arica está significativamente afectada por Pediculosis y su prevalencia es similar a otras regiones del país.


Pediculosis is an ectoparasitosis infestation that has not received much attention in northern Chile despite it is a common reoccurring condition among school-age children. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation in elementary schools of Arica. Patients and Method: A group of 665 elementary school students from the Province of Arica were screened between August and November 2010; 467 children who met the inclusion criteria were selected. After parents and students signed an informed consent, the diagnosis was carried out through examination of the head with naked eye in each participating school, recording the presence of Pediculus humanus capitis, infestation level and parasite stage. Results: 40.3 percent (188) of the children presented Pediculosis; the six schools studied were affected. Pediculosis infestation in girls reached 55.2 percent (138/250) and 23 percent (50/217) in boys. Conclusion: The school population of Arica is significantly affected by Pediculosis and its prevalence is similar to other regions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Age Factors , Cultural Factors , Chile/epidemiology , Data Collection , Geography , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Distribution
10.
Acta odontol. venez ; 52(1)2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-777811

ABSTRACT

La hiperdoncia es una condición caracterizada por la presencia de un número de dientes superior al normal en el arco dentario. Su etiología es incierta, aunque factores genéticos y ambientales así como varias teorías han sido propuestas para explicarlo. Describir las características clínicas y radiográficas presentes en un paciente no sindrómico con múltiples supernumerarios, heredados de manera autosómica recesiva. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 27 años de edad que acudió a consulta para evaluación odontológica. Al examen físico y extrabucal no reveló deformidades, retardo mental ni presencia de ningún síndrome. Al examen intrabucal se evidenció la presencia de irritantes locales y maloclusión dentaria, ocasionada por el aumento del número dientes en los arcos dentarios. Radiográficamente se observaron múltiples imágenes radiopacas compatibles con 9 unidades dentarias incluidas y 2 erupcionadas. Los exámenes de laboratorio no revelaron alteraciones ni relación con algún síndrome. Se solicitaron radiografías panorámicas a los padres, hermanos e hija del paciente, para descartar la presencia de dientes supernumerarios, encontrándose 9 dientes supernumerarios incluidos en un hermano varón, determinándose la trasmisión del rasgo de manera autosómica recesiva. El hallazgo de la trasmisión de manera autosómica recesiva de múltiples supernumerarios en un paciente no sindrómico encontrado en este caso, no es común, lo cual indica que el examen clínico y estudio de cada paciente debe ser llevado a cabo de manera exhaustiva, para determinar este tipo de trastorno o cualquier otro sin evidencias o manifestaciones clínicas.


Hyperdontia is a condition characterized by the presence of a higher number of teeth than normal in the dental arch. Even though genetic and environmental factors as well as a series of theories have been proposed to explain hyperdontia, its etiology is uncertain. To describe clinical and radiographical characteristics found in a non-syndromic patient with multiple supernumerary teeth by autosomal recessive inheritance. A 27-year-old male referred for dental assessment. Physical and extraoral examinations did not reveal deformities, mental retardation or the presence of syndromes. Intraoral examination evidenced the presence of local irritants and dental malocclusion produced by the increased number of teeth in both dental arches. Radiographs revealed multiple radiopaque images compatible with 9 unerupted and 2 erupted teeth. Laboratory tests did not show alterations or a connection to any syndromes. Panoramic radiographs were requested from parents, siblings and daughter of the patient to rule out the presence of supernumerary teeth. Nine supernumerary unerupted teeth were found in one brother, which determined the transmission of characteristics by autosomal recessive inheritance. The incidental finding of the autosomal recessive transmission of multiple supernumerary teeth in a non-syndromic patient observed in this case is not a common result, indicating that clinical examinations and the study of each patient must be carried out thoroughly in order to determine this or any other type of disorders without evidence or clinical manifestations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Dental Arch/abnormalities , Dental Arch/physiology , Dental Arch , Fused Teeth/etiology , Fused Teeth/physiopathology , Malocclusion/genetics , Dental Physiological Phenomena , Diagnosis, Oral , Odontogenesis
11.
J Vector Borne Dis ; 2012 Mar; 49(1): 8-14
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-142809

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: The saliva of the Phlebotominae is highly immunogenic to the vertebrate host and is a determining factor in the Leishmania infection. The aim of this work was to study the saliva of Lutzomyia ovallesi as a possible risk marker for the transmission of Leishmania. Methods: Two populations of L. ovallesi from different geographical areas and subjected to different environmental conditions were compared by geometric morphometry of the wings, by protein profile analysis of salivary glands and by assessing the presence of anti-saliva protein in human sera confronted with laboratory L. ovallesi saliva. Results: The results showed differences in the isometric size and structure of the wings but no allometric effects. Protein profiles of salivary glands of both the L. ovallesi populations studied were found to be similar, based on 11 protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 16 to 99 kDa. Anti-saliva antibodies were present in human sera, but human sera infected and uninfected with leishmaniasis could not be differentiated. Interpretation & conclusion: We conclude that the saliva of laboratory-reared L. ovallesi is representative of that of the wild population. It is suggested to study the presence of anti-saliva antibodies in other species of sandflies and mosquitoes.

12.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(5): 431-434, oct. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603082

ABSTRACT

Intraocular invasion by Toxocara canis is one of the most commonly recognized etiologies of uveitis and blindness in children. In order to estimate the prevalence of ocular lesions caused by toxocariasis in a pediatric referral hospital, we conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical charts of all children seropositive to Toxocara canis, who also had an eye exam between the years 2005 and 2009 at the Calvo Mackenna Children's Hospital in Santiago, Chile. We identified 175 children [mean age 6 years (range 0.66-15)] seropositive to Toxocara canis, who had dilated eye exam. Only one child [(0.57 percent); 95 percent CI, -0.55 - 1.69] had ophthalmoscopic findings compatible with Toxocara canis infection. The patient also suffered from decreased vision of the affected eye. The information gained from this study may be of useful for the implementation of algorithms for the ophthalmological examination of children seropositive to Toxocara canis in public hospitals in Chile.


La invasión intraocular por el nematodo Toxocara canis constituye una de las causas más frecuentes de uveitis en los niños, pudiendo conducir a la ceguera. Para conocer la prevalencia de lesiones oculares en niños con serología positiva para este parásito en un hospital pediátrico de referencia, realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de las fichas clínicas de los pacientes referidos para examen oftalmológico en el Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna entre los años 2005 y 2009. Encontramos 175 niños con serología positiva y examen oftalmológico, cuya edad promedio al momento del examen fue de 6 años (rango 0,66-15). En sólo un niño [(0,57 por ciento); 95 por ciento IC, -0,55-1,69] se encontraron lesiones oculares atribuibles a T. canis. El paciente presentaba además disminución de visión. La información obtenida en este estudio podría ser de utilidad en el diseño de un algoritmo para el examen oftalmológico de niños seropositivos a T. canis en el ambiente hospitalario en Chile.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Eye Infections, Parasitic/epidemiology , Toxocara canis , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
13.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(3): 248-254, jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597595

ABSTRACT

Antiretroviral therapy has marked a change in the course of HIV infection, posing new challenges to improve quality of life in pediatric patients. Objective: The goal of this paper was to identify psychosocial aspects of HIV-infected children and adolescents, and to evaluate their neuropsychological development and psychiatric co-morbidity. Patients and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted, evaluating the neurocognitive performance of patients attending at the Pediatric Department of Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí of La Habana, Cuba, between February and July of 2008. For that purpose, interviews to the patients and their relatives were done with the application of appropriate tests for each age. Results: Twenty-three patients ages 3-17 years (57 percent female) were studied. Sixteen (69.5 percent) were infected through vertical transmission, and 7 (30.5 percent) through other routes. School children infected through vertical transmission showed the most symptoms. Hyperactivity, anxiety, and learning disorders were the most frequently observed symptoms as well as hyperkinetic disorders, temporary tic disorders and mental retardation. Conclusion: This study shows the neuropsychological characterization of HIV-positive children and adolescents, considering the route of acquisition of the infection and the stage of the disease. It also describes psychiatric comorbidity of HIV-infected children.


El tratamiento anti-retroviral marcó un cambio en la evolución de la infección por VIH, planteándose nuevos retos que mejoren la calidad de vida en las edades pediátricas. Objetivos: Identificar aspectos psicosociales en niño y adolescente que adquirieron la infección por VIH, evaluar el desarrollo neuropsicológico y describir la co-morbilidad psiquiátrica presente en el grupo estudiado. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, donde se evaluó el desempeño neurocognitivo de pacientes atendidos en la clínica pediátrica del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí de La Habana, Cuba, entre los meses de febrero y julio de 2008, para lo cual se realizaron entrevistas a familiares, examen directo del participante y la aplicación de instrumentos específicos para cada edad. Resultados: Se evaluaron 23 niños y adolescentes entre los 3 y 17 años, predominó el sexo femenino con 13 (56,5 por ciento) y las edades entre los 6-11 años con 10 (43,5 por ciento) niños, más del 50 por ciento de los cuales se encontraban en los primeros años de escolarización, 16 (69,5 por ciento) infectados por trasmisión vertical y 7 (30,5 por ciento) por otras vías. Los escolares infectados por vía vertical fueron los que mayor sintomatología aportaron, la hiperactividad (57,1 por ciento), la ansiedad (42,8 por ciento) y las dificultades en el aprendizaje (14,2 por ciento), fueron los síntomas más frecuentes. El diagnóstico de trastorno hipercinético (13,0 por ciento) fue el más importante en la etapa escolar, mientras que el trastorno de adaptación depresivo lo fue en la adolescencia (8,6 por ciento). Conclusión: El estudio permitió la caracterización neuropsicológica de los niños y adolescentes estudiados, teniendo en cuenta las vías de adquisición de la infección, el momento evolutivo de la enfermedad y describir la co-morbilidad psiquiátrica asociada.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , HIV Infections/psychology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Comorbidity , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Cuba/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Quality of Life
14.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 27(4): 320-326, ago. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567547

ABSTRACT

La epidemia del VIH/SIDA sigue aumentando significativamente a pesar de las estrategias desarrolladas, incluyendo el desarrollo de la terapia anti-retroviral (TARV) altamente activa. Una de las poblaciones vulnerables a esta infección es los hijos de madres con infección por VIH, que no sólo están expuestos a la infección sino también a quedar huérfanos. En Cuba, desde el año 1986 se implementó un programa de prevención y control que tiene entre sus objetivos disminuir la transmisión vertical (TV) del VIH. En este estudio se analizaron los 314 niños nacidos de madres infectadas por VIH/SIDA desde el 1º de enero de 1986 al 31 de diciembre de 2007 en las diferentes maternidades del país, con el objetivo de determinar, mediante un estudio de corte transversal, la relación entre el cumplimiento de las medidas implantadas por el programa de prevención y la TV de la enfermedad. De los 314 niños nacidos, 248 tenían los estudios concluidos estando 32 niños infectados, 216 no infectados por el VIH y 66 niños se encontraban aún en estudio. La mortalidad por causas relacionadas al SIDA fue del 31,2 por ciento, y 60 por ciento de ellos fallecieron antes de arribar al primer año de vida. La tasa de TV se redujo considerablemente (de 50,0 a 14,6 por ciento) a partir de la instauración del parto por cesárea como medida profiláctica dentro del programa de control y 99 mujeres tuvieron 2,2 por ciento de TV cuando se cumplieron las últimas medidas del programa. La eficacia de la combinación del parto por cesárea y la administración de TARV fue de 95,2 por ciento. Se concluyó que el programa de prevención y control del VIH/SIDA con su componente materno infantil y las distintas medidas que se le han ido adicionando ha sido efectivo en la reducción de la TV comportándose conforme a lo descrito internacionalmente.


The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to increase in spite of the strategies developed, including the use of HAART. One of the vulnerable populations is the child of HIV+ mothers. In Cuba, a prevention and control program of HIV infection was implemented in 1986 and one of the key aims was to reduce perinatal infection. In this study, the medical records of all 314 children born to HIV/AIDS positive mothers between January 1986 to December 2007 are described. Our aim was to determine the relationship between Program compliance and prevention of vertical transmission (VT). A total of 248/314 infants completed a full virological evaluation at the time of this report 32 (12.9 percent) were HIV-infected. In these 32 children, mortality due to AIDS related events was 31.2 percent, of which 60 percent died before their first year of life. VT rate decreased from 50,0 percent to 14,6 percent after implementation of prophylactic caesarean section and to 2.2 percent in 99 women complying with the new adopted program including HAART antiviral therapy in pregnant woman, caesarean section, and AZT to the newborn. The effectiveness of combining a caesarean section and HAART was 95.2 percent. The prevention program for HIV/AIDS vertical transmission implemented in Cuba has been effective in reducing VT, similar to other worldwide reports.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cuba/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , National Health Programs , Young Adult
15.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 65(2): 51-57, 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-609876

ABSTRACT

El trauma ocular es una causa importante de pérdida de visión monocular y una de sus complicaciones es el estrabismo y la alteración de la binocularidad. Se presenta una serie de 29 pacientes operados de estrabismo postraumático por nuestro grupo entre los años 2003 y 2008. Los mecanismos más frecuentes fueron el trauma penetrante y contuso. Se realizó cirugía por motivos cosméticos en 20 pacientes (69 por ciento), siendo otras indicaciones diplopia y posición viciosa de cabeza. El tipo, frecuencia y promedio de ángulo de desviación preoperatorio fueron respectivamente: XT, n=14 (48 por ciento), -29; XHT, n=7 (24 por ciento), -29, I/D=20; ET, n=4 (14 por ciento), +21; HT, n=3 (11 por ciento), 11; XHo, n=1 (3 por ciento), -6, I/D=20. El alineamiento postoperatorio dentro de +/-10 de ortotropia se logró en 23 (79 por ciento) pacientes con un promedio de 1,3 cirugías (1-3). El procedimiento quirúrgico más frecuentemente fue el retroceso y resección muscular monocular en 16 pacientes (55 por ciento) y no se presentaron complicaciones graves.


Ocular trauma is one of the main causes of monocular vision loss; strabismus and loss of binocular vision are known complications. A retrospective series of 29 patients with strabismus secondary to eye trauma operated by our group between 2003 and 2008 is presented. Penetrating and blunt trauma were the most frequent involved mechanisms. Strabismus surgery was performed for cosmetic in 20 patients (69 percent), and less frequently for anomalous head posture and diplopia. The type, frequency and average preoperative angle of deviation were respectively: XT, n=14 (48 por ciento), -29; XHT, n=7 (24 percent), -29, I/D=20; ET, n=4 (14 percent), +21; HT, n=3 (11 percent), 11; XHo, n=1 (3 percent), -6, I/D=20. Postoperative alignment within +/-10 of orthotropia was obtained in 23 patients (79 percent) with an average of 1,3 surgical procedures (1-3). The main surgical procedure performed was unilateral recess and resect in 16 patients (55 percent) and severe complications were not observed in this series.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Strabismus/surgery , Strabismus/etiology , Eye Injuries/complications , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity
16.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1342143

ABSTRACT

El dengue es una enfermedad epidémica muy común en regiones tropicales y sub tropicales. La eliminación de criaderos y el control vectorial se encuentran entre las medidas en la lucha contra la enfermedad. Se han desarrollado diversas estrategias para mantener bajo índice poblacional del mosquito. Diversas investigaciones se han enfocado a la búsqueda de nuevos productos naturales, con actividad insecticida y larvicida, que puedan controlar la población de mosquitos, sin presentar riesgos al humano y animales domésticos. Realizamos una serie de bioensayos con extractos acuosos de plantas paraguayas, Annona muricata (chirimoya); Bulnesia sarmentoi (palo santo); Melia azederach (paraíso); Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. Angustifolium (tembetary hú) y Bixa orellana (urukú), para comprobar en cada planta, su actividad y eficacia como larvicida, contralarvas del mosquito Aedes agypti. Dichas larvas, fueron colectadas de diversas zonas de Asunción y el Gran Asunción, durante la epidemia de fiebre amarilla del año 2007. Las semillas de la Annona mucricata (chirimoya), presentaron una buena actividad larvicida, ya que a la mínima concentración del 5%, han tenido un efecto mortal para las larvas, comparable al observado en los controles positivos (que contenían temefos 1%). En cambio, M. aezsederach (paraíso) y Z. chiloperone (tembetary hú) no mostraron actividad larvicida a esa dosis, ni aún a otras superiores. Por otro lado B. sarmientoi (palo santo) y B. orellana (urukú), presentaron cierto efecto larvicida, eliminando al 18% de larvas a las 72 horas post-exposición. Se observó una marcada diferencia de actividad, entre el extracto de semillas chirimoya con los demás extractos probados


Dengue is an common epidemic disease in tropical and subtropical regions. The elimination of breeding sites and vector control are among the most widely used measures in the fight against the disease. Many strategies have been developed to keep low rates of mosquito populations. Several research studies have been focused on finding natural products with insecticide and larvicide activity that could effectively control these mosquito populations without risks for the human populations and domestic animals. In this work, we have performed a series of bioassays with aqueous extracts of Paraguayan plants: Annona muricata (cherimoya), Bulnesia sarmentoi (palo santo), Melia azederach (paradise), Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. Angustifolium (tembetary hú) and Bixa orellana (uruku) in order to check the effectiveness and activity as larvicide of each plant gainst Aedes aegypti larvae. The larvae were collected in various areas of Asuncion and Great Asuncion during the yellow fever outbreak of 2007. The seeds of A. mucricata (cherimoya or custard apple) showed good larvicidal activity, i.e. at the minimum concentration of 5%, showed lethality against larvae comparable to that observed in positive controls (containing 1% temephos). On the other hand, M. azederach (paradise) and Z. chiloperone (tembetary hú) did not show any larvicidal activity at the same dose and even at higher doses. B. sarmientoi (palo santo) and Bixa orellana (uruku) showed some larvicidal effect killing larva (18%) at 72 hours post-exposure. There was a marked difference in activity between the cherimoya seeds extract and the other extracts tested


Subject(s)
Biological Assay , Aedes , Dengue , Plant Extracts
17.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(3): 257-266, mayo 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-525317

ABSTRACT

El endotelio es el principal regulador de la homeostasis vascular, modula el balance vasoconstricción/vasodilatación, inhibe la proliferación/migración de células musculares de la pared vascular (VSMC), y también modula la hemostasia. La disfunción endotelial es un evento que precede los cambios morfológicos característicos de la aterogénesis y contribuye al desarrollo de complicaciones de la placa ateroesclerótica. Además, la evidencia disponible indica que el desarrollo de disfunción endotelial participa en el daño cardiovascular en condiciones que abarcan desde procesos fisiológicos como el envejecimiento, hasta procesos fisiopatológicos diversos como hipertensión arterial, insuficiencia cardíaca, insuficiencia renal, diabetes mellitus, coagulación intravascular, preeclampsia, enfermedades inflamatorias y la apnea del sueño(1, 2). El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar brevemente la función endotelial, definir disfunción endotelial en un contexto amplio y presentar los mecanismos generales que conducen a disfunción endotelial en relación a las enfermedades cardiovasculares más prevalentes.


The endothelium is the main regulator for vascular homeostasis. The functions of the endothelium include regulation of the balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation, inhibition of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from the vascular wall and modulation of hemostasis. Endothelial dysfunction precedes the morphological changes characteristic of atherogenesis and contributes to the development atherosclerotic plaques. Also, current evidence indicates that the development of endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular damage in several physiological conditions such as arterial hypertension, heart and renal failure, diabetes mellitus, intravascular coagulation, preeclampsia, inflammatory disease and sleep apnea (1,2). The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of endothelial dysfunction, broadly define endothelial dysfunction, and to present general mechanisms that are correlated with endothelial dysfunction in most prevalent cardiovascular diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Reactive Oxygen Species , Hypertension/physiopathology , Oxidative Stress , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Vasodilation/physiology
18.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 1(2): 14-20, 2009. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1017757

ABSTRACT

La pandemia de influenza por el virus H1N1 afectó a la población del Paraguay a partir de la primera semana de julio de 2009. La misma se acompañó de un brote inusitado de neumonía de la comunidad. Describe las características demográficas y clínicas de un brote de neumonía de la comunidad durante la pandemia. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo, que incluyó a sujetos adultos portadores de clínicos de enfermedad tipo influenza acompañada de neumonía aguda de la comunidad, internados en el Departamento de Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2009. .Este brote determinó gran morbilidad pero baja mortalidad...


Subject(s)
Adult , Pneumonia/complications , Lung Diseases , Lung Diseases/complications , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/epidemiology , Lung Diseases/therapy , Paraguay/epidemiology
19.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 79(6): 614-622, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-522219

ABSTRACT

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical charts of 41 children (59 eyes) diagnosed with retinoblastoma and treated by a multidisciplinary team at Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna in Santiago-Chile, between 1999 and 2007. The information included gender, laterality, diagnosis age, presenting signs, tumor spread, treatment modality and survival rate. Results: A total of 23 cases (56 percent) were unilateral and 18 cases (44 percent) were bilateral. The mean age at diagnosis was 21.6 months (range 2 - 84) and 27 children (65.9 percent) were male. The most common presenting signs were leucokoria (51.2 percent), strabismus (24.4 percent) and proptosis (4.9 percent). Enucleation was performed in 48 eyes (81.3 percent), being the only required treatment in 17 children (41.5 percent). The remaining 24 patients received systemic and/or local therapy with chemotherapy, focal therapy and external beam radiation. 5 children died during the follow - up study period, due to extraocular extension to the orbit, central nervous system and bone marrow. Conclusion: In spite of high enucleation rate as initial therapy for retinoblastoma, the survival rate with this current treatment protocol is similar to those from developed countries.


Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo de las fichas clínicas de 41 niños (59 ojos) con diagnóstico de retinoblastoma tratados por un equipo multidisciplinario en el Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile, entre los a±os 1999-2007. Se recolectó información respecto al género, edad al diagnóstico, signos de presentación, lateralidad, diseminación del tumor, tipos de tratamiento y sobrevida. Veintitrés casos (56 por ciento) fueron unilaterales y 18 (44 por ciento) bilaterales. La edad promedio al momento del diagnóstico fue de 21,6 meses (rango 2-84) y 27 niños (65,9 por ciento) fueron hombres. Los signos de presentación más frecuentes fueron leucocoria (51,2 por ciento), estrabismo (24,4 por ciento) y proptosis (4,9 por ciento). Se realizó enucleación en 48 ojos afectados (81,3 por ciento), siendo el único tratamiento necesario en 17 niños (41,5 por ciento). Los 24 pacientes restantes recibieron tratamientos complementarios locales y/o sistémicos en la modalidad de quimioterapia, terapia focal y radioterapia externa. Durante el período de seguimiento del estudio fallecieron 5 niños, todos ellos con extensión extraocular de la enfermedad hacia la órbita, sistema nervioso central o médula ósea. Conclusiones: No obstante el alto porcentaje de pacientes con retinoblastoma que requieren enucleación como terapia inicial, la tasa de sobrevida con el protocolo actual de tratamiento es comparable a la de países desarrollados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Retinal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Retinal Neoplasms/therapy , Retinoblastoma/epidemiology , Retinoblastoma/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Chile/epidemiology , Eye Enucleation , Follow-Up Studies , Retinal Neoplasms/classification , Retinal Neoplasms/mortality , Retinal Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Retinoblastoma/classification , Retinoblastoma/mortality , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Survival Rate
20.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(1): 41-48, feb. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-473650

ABSTRACT

Vertical transmission of HIV infection constitutes one of the most sensitive pillars of the current pandemic of this disease. This article carries out a report of the nine Cuban children who acquired this way the infection and died between 1986 and 2006. Prophylactic management of the cases and the clinical and anatomic pathological manifestations of those in whom autopsy was performed are described. The average gestational age was of 37.6 weeks, four of the pregnancies were captured late. Six children were born by caesarean section and in all transmission were presumably intrauterine. The average birth weight was 2786 grams. Four mother-sibling binomial received prophylaxis with AZT. The autopsy was carried out only in 4 children.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Pregnancy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , Cuba , Fatal Outcome , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/pathology , Retrospective Studies
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