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【Objective】 To analyze the correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (DPB) and motor developmental delay in infants, so as to provide theoretical basis for early motor development screening and intervention in DPB infants. 【Methods】 A total of 7 826 children aged 6 - 12 months who visited Mianyang Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were inlcuded in this study. DPB infants were selected as the study subjects, and the prevalence rate was analyzed. 2 761 DPB infants were divided into mild, moderate, and severe DPB groups, and 1 900 normal children were included as the control group. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (PDMS-2) was used to evaluate the levels of gross and fine motor development in children in each case group and control group. Univariate analysis and LSD-t test were used to analyze the differences in gross motor quotient (GMQ) and fine motor quotient (FMQ) of children in each group. χ2 test was used to analyze the rate of motor developmental delay in children in each group. 【Results】 The prevalence rate of DPB was 35.47%. There were statistically significant differences in GMQ and FMQ among the mild DPB group, moderate DPB group, severe DPB group, and control group (F=171.271, 194.877, P<0.05). Further statistical comparison showed that there was no statistically significant difference in GMQ and FMQ between mild DPB group and control group (P>0.05). The GMQ and FMQ of the moderate and severe DPB groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of developmental delay in gross and fine motor development between each case group and the control group (χ2=7.478, 5.777, P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of DPB in Mianyang area is relatively high, and DPB do not increase the probability of motor development delay. However, infants with moderate to severe DPB have significantly lower levels of motor development compared to healthy infants. It is recommended to screen infants with DPB as soon as possible, and conduct motor development screening and exercise promotion for infants with moderate to severe DPB.
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BACKGROUND: Loosening of the sterile prosthesis in joint replacement is a simple radiological phenomenon, but a complex immune process. The abrasive particles produced by the implant usually lead to osteolysis, which is known as particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis in order to provide reference for early identification and treatment, thereby improving the patients' prognosis. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed database for the articles addressing particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis using the English keywords of "wear particles, particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis".RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Osteolysis can induce bone resorption, but the relevant clinical, animal and in vitro studies have shown that particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis involves various biological reactions, not only osteoclasts, and the bioactivity highly depends on the property and quantity. (2) Although total hip arthroplasty has achieved rapid progression, particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening are still the main factors for the life of prosthesis. (3) Biomarkers can be used as simple and objective diagnostic and prognostic criteria for osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty. (4) Further research is needed to identify new biomarkers in periprosthetic osteolysis to develop new treatments to reverse or inhibit the particle-associated biological response.
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BACKGROUND: The clinical treatment of bone defects is facing many problems. In order to solve the problem, the development of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering has been an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical application and development prospect of biological scaffold materials and mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering. METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were retrieved for the articles regarding bone tissue engineering published from January 2000 to December 2016. The key words were "bone tissue engineering; biological scaffold; mesenchymal stem cells" in English and Chinese, respectively. Articles addressing biological scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells were included, except for repetitive research and Meta-analysis articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Current biological scaffolds mainly include synthetic scaffold materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic acid)) and natural scaffold materials (collagen, chitosan, gelatin, silk fibroin). Each material has its own merits and demerits. Mesenchymal stem cells have a strong self-replicating and multi-directional differentiation ability, which are considered to be relatively ideal seed cells. Based on the characteristics of the components of biological scaffolds and the proliferation and multi-directional differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells, it is of great importance for bone defect repair to design and construct ideal biological scaffold materials with better repair function. Construction of a mesenchymal stem cell/3D scaffold complex is still in its infancy. However, the clinical application of biological scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering is expected to be achieved with the development of nanomaterials, international regenerative medicine and biomimetic science.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Non-cement femoral stems are recognized in clinical use, but there are still some problems. The aim of this research was to make non-cement femoral stems to be press-fit with the medullary cavity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four healthy adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the right hip joint, an artificial femoral bone replacement surgery was conducted. For the experimental group, the replacement surgery of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated femoral stems was done, while autogeneous morselized bone was implanted into the medullary cavity. For the control group, morselized bone was not implanted. At postoperative 1, 3, 6 months, a test for interfacial shear characteristics was conducted in the MTS810 Tester. The comparison between the two groups' bone-prostheses in shear strength for their interface from shearing destruction was made. A histological observation to check prosthesis-bone interface contact ratios and bone growth was carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the experimental group, shear strength was 0.317 MPa in 1 month, 1.447 MPa in 3 months, and 1.621 MPa in 6 months. For the control group, shear strength was 0.195 MPa in 1 month, 1.023 MPa in 3 months, and 1.483 MPa in 6 months. The difference was statistically significant. Stereomicroscope-based observation showed that the number of trabecular bones in the experimental group was larger than that of the control group, and bone growth of the former group was better than that of the latter group. Inverted microscopic observation showed that the binding degree between the prosthesis and trabecular bone of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Comparatively, the experimental group's trabecular bone had more stromal cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The morselized bones can effectively improve the biological bonding strength and bone-contact ratios in the short term for the HA-coated femoral stem and accelerate the bonding process. The use of morselized autogenous bones played a good role in bone in-growth of the femoral bone stem surface.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Biomechanical Phenomena , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Chemistry , Durapatite , Chemistry , Femur , Pathology , General Surgery , Osseointegration , Random Allocation , Shear StrengthABSTRACT
Objective To study the expressions of some apoptosis related to genes in lung tissues and their relationship to the pathogenesis in rats to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Methods A total of 60 rats were employed and equally divided into 5 groups, i.e. control, HPH, hemin, Tin Protoporphyrin (Snpp) and low concentration CO groups. Of them, the rats from middle 3 groups were treated with hypoxia under normal pressure for 7 h in every day, 3 weeks except Sunday. Hemin and Tin Protoporphyrin (Snpp) were given half an hour before hypoxia while low concentration CO after 2 h of hypoxia. The expression of bcl-2, bax, Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) were detected with immunohistochemical staining, in situ cell death detection, DNA fragment detection, and in situ hybridization. Results In low concentration CO and hemin group, typical DNA ladder bands and apoptotic cells were found in lung tissues, and the expressions of Fas, FasL, bax, and bcl-2 mRNA were increased in the epithelial cells of alveoli, vascular and bronchial walls. And the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was decreased than in hypoxic group. Conclusion CO can regulate the expression of bcl-2, bax, Fas and FasL, these apoptotic genes may involve in the regulation of cell apoptosis of lung tissues under HPH and play important roles in the genesis and development of chronic obstructive lung disorders.
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Objective To study the expressions of some apoptosis related to genes in lung tissues and their relationship to the pathogenesis in rats to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Methods A total of 60 rats were employed and equally divided into 5 groups, i.e. control, HPH, hemin, Tin Protoporphyrin (Snpp) and low concentration CO groups. Of them, the rats from middle 3 groups were treated with hypoxia under normal pressure for 7 h in every day, 3 weeks except Sunday. Hemin and Tin Protoporphyrin (Snpp) were given half an hour before hypoxia while low concentration CO after 2 h of hypoxia. The expression of bcl-2, bax, Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) were detected with immunohistochemical staining, in situ cell death detection, DNA fragment detection, and in situ hybridization. Results In low concentration CO and hemin group, typical DNA ladder bands and apoptotic cells were found in lung tissues, and the expressions of Fas, FasL, bax, and bcl-2 mRNA were increased in the epithelial cells of alveoli, vascular and bronchial walls. And the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was decreased than in hypoxic group. Conclusion CO can regulate the expression of bcl-2, bax, Fas and FasL, these apoptotic genes may involve in the regulation of cell apoptosis of lung tissues under HPH and play important roles in the genesis and development of chronic obstructive lung disorders.