Clinical and Epidemiological Profiles of Patients Admitted to a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Abstract Background: Congenital and acquired heart diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. In critical congenital heart defects, when treatment is not adequate, clinical manifestations may lead to death in the neonatal period. Objective: To establish the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients admitted to the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (UTI) in a tertiary hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2013 to December 2014, based on analysis of patients' medical records. The study sample was composed of 307 children and adolescents with congenial and acquired heart diseases. The score Risk Adjustement for Congenital Heart Surgery 1 (RACHS-1) was used for categorization of the various surgical procedures. Descriptive statistics were calculated using the Satistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Categorical variables were compared using the Pearson's chi-square test, considering a level of significance of 5%. Results: There was a predominance of patients aged between 28 days and one year (44%). Congenital heart diseases (91.9%) prevailed over acquired heart diseases (8.1%). Extracorporeal circulation was used in 138 patients who underwent surgical procedures, lasting from 12 to 261 minutes. Most patients (88.9%) were discharged from the ICU and 11.1% died. Using the score RACHS-1, corrective cardiac surgery was performed in 75.8% and paliative surgery in 24.2% of the patients. Conclusions: Patients aged between 28 days to one year, with cyanotic congenital heart disease, undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation duration longer than 120 minutes are at a higher risk of death.

Incidência de síndromes genéticas associadas às cardiopatias congênitas / Incidence of genetic syndromes associated with congenital heart diseases

Introdução: as anomalias cardíacas podem se apresentar isoladamente ou fazer parte de síndromes cromossômicas ou gênicas. As principais causas dos defeitos cardíacos congênitos estão relacionadas com a interação entre os agentes ambientais e os fatores genéticos. Objetivo: conhecer a incidência das síndromes genéticas associadas às cardiopatias congênitas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo seccional descritivo, com base em prontuários de pacientes portadores de cardiopatias congênitas, no período 2013 a 2014. Resultados: foram avaliados 307 prontuários, dos quais 52,4% eram de pacientes do sexo masculino e 47,6% de pacientes do sexo feminino, com idades entre zero e 15 anos. As síndromes genéticas associadas às cardiopatias foram evidenciadas em 50 pacientes, com a seguinte distribuição: Síndrome de Down, 13%; Síndrome de Kartagener, 1,3%; Síndrome de Edwards, 1%; Síndrome de Noonan, 0,7%; e Síndrome Di George (0,3%). Conclusão: a síndrome de Down prevaleceu sobre as demais síndromes associadas às cardiopatias congênitas.

Introduction : Cardiac abnormalities may either present itself singly, or as part of chromosomal or genetic syndromes. The main causes of congenital heart defects are related to the interaction between environmental agents and genetic factors. Objective: To know the incidence of genetic syndromes associated with congenital heart diseases. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on medical records of patients with congenital heart defects, between 2013 and 2014. Results: 307 medical records were evaluated. 52.4% were male patients and 47.6% femal patients aged between zero and fifteen years old. The genetic syndromes associated with heart diseases were evidenced in fifty patients, according to the following distribution: Down syndrome, 13%; Kartagener syndrome, 1.3%; Edwards syndrome, 1%; Noonan syndrome, 0.7%; And Di George Syndrome (0.3%). Conclusion: Down syndrome prevailed over the other syndromes associated with congenital heart diseases.