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Objective:To evaluate the effect of esketamine on long-term cognitive dysfunction induced by propofol anesthesia in the developing rats and the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt) signaling pathway.Methods:Forty-eight clean-grade healthy Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex, aged 7 days, weighing 10-15 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: fat emulsion group (C group), propofol group (P group), esketamine + propofol group (EP group), and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 + esketamine + propofol group (LYEP group). Medium/long-chain fat emulsion injection 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in C group. Propofol was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 50 mg/kg, followed by an additional dose of 50 mg/kg after the righting reflex was restored (40-60 min later) in P group. In group EP, esketamine 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected, followed by propofol administration using the same method as previously described in P group. In LYEP group, LY294002 25 μg was injected via the lateral ventricle, 30 min later ketamine 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected, and then propofol was given using the same method as previously described in P group. Six rats in each group were randomly sacrificed at 2 h after emergence for microscopic examination of pathological changes of hippocampal neurons and for determination of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampal tissues (using Western blot). The remaining 6 rats in each group were subjected to Y-maze test to evaluate their learning and memory abilities at 30 days after birth. The p-Akt/Akt ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with C group, the p-Akt/Akt ratio in the hippocampal tissues was significantly decreased, the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated, the number of training sessions required for learning was increased, the correct response rate was decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage to neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was found in P, EP and LYEP groups. Compared with P group, the p-Akt/Akt ratio in the hippocampal tissues was significantly increased, the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was down-regulated, the number of training sessions required for learning was decreased, the correct response rate was increased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage to neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was significantly attenuated in EP and LYEP groups. Compared with EP group, the p-Akt/Akt ratio in the hippocampal tissue was significantly decreased, and the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated, the number of training sessions required for learning was increased, the correct response rate was decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological damage to neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was aggravated in LYEP group. Conclusions:Esketamine can alleviate long-term cognitive impairment caused by propofol anesthesia in the developing rats, and the mechanism may be related to activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of apoptosis in neurons.
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Objective:To evaluate the relationship between microRNA-27a (miR-27a) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods:Fifty clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 220-280 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=10 each) by the random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), myocardial I/R group (I/R group), AAV9-miR-27a overexpression + myocardial I/R group (AAV+ I/R group), miR-27a antagomir + myocardial I/R group (AG+ I/R group) and AAV9-miR-27a negative control+ myocardial I/R group (NC+ I/R group). The myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At day 14 before ischemia, AAV9-miRNA-27a adeno-associated virus 2×10 11 v. g was injected via the tail vein in AAV+ I/R group, and AAV9-miR-27a NC 2×10 11 v. g was injected via the tail vein in NC+ I/R group. miR-27a antagomir 10 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein once a day at 3 days before ischemia in AG+ I/R group. At the end of 120 min of reperfusion, serum cardiac troponin T(cTnT), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations and contents of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the percentage of myocardial infarct volume by TTC staining, the expression of miR-27a in myocardial tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of SIRT1 in myocardial tissues by Western blot. Results:Compared with Sham group, the percentage of myocardial infarct volume and serum concentrations of cTnT, CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the contents of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were decreased, MDA contents were increased, miR-27a expression was up-regulated, and SIRT1 expression was down-regulated in I/R group ( P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, the percentage of myocardial infarct volume and serum concentrations of cTnT, CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the contents of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were decreased, MDA contents were increased, miR-27a expression was up-regulated, and SIRT1 expression was down-regulated in AAV+ I/R, and the percentage of myocardial infarct volume and serum concentrations of cTnT, CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased, the contents of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were increased, MDA contents were decreased, miR-27a expression was down-regulated, and SIRT1 expression was up-regulated in AG+ I/R group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in NC+ I/R group ( P>0.05). Compared with AAV+ I/R group, the percentage of myocardial infarct volume and serum concentrations of cTnT, CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased, the contents of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were increased, MDA contents were decreased, miR-27a expression was down-regulated, and SIRT1 expression was up-regulated in AG+ I/R group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:miR-27a is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism underlying myocardial I/R injury probably through inhibition of SIRT1 expression in rats.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of intravenous infusion of lidocaine on pulmonary gas exchange function during acute lung injury in septic rats.Methods:Thirty clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 220-280 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), sepsis group (S group) and lidocaine group (L group). Model of acute lung injury in septic rats was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of LPS 10 mg/kg in S and L groups, the equal volume of normal saline was injected in group C, lidocaine was injected at a loading dose of 10 mg/kg via the tail vein at 1 min after LPS injection and then continuously infused for 3 h at a rate of 10 mg·kg -1·h -1, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C and S groups. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after LPS injection, blood samples from the abdominal aorta were collected for blood gas analysis, and the oxygenation index (OI), alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO 2) and respiratory index (RI) were calculated. Then the chest was immediately opened, and the left lung tissues were then immediately removed to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The right upper lung tissues were removed for microscopic examination of the alveolar structure and pulmonary edema with a light microscope. The right lower lung tissues were also removed to observe the vascular endothelial structure with a transmission electron microscope. Results:Compared with group C, the levels of A-aDO 2, RI, TNF-α, HO-1 and ROS were significantly increased, the PaO 2 and OI were decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in PaCO 2 in group S and group L ( P>0.05). Compared with group S, the PaO 2, OI and HO-1 were significantly increased, the levels of A-aDO 2, RI, TNF-α and ROS were decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in PaCO 2 levels in group L ( P>0.05). The pathological damages of the lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group L when compared with group S. Conclusions:Intravenous infusion of lidocaine can improve pulmonary gas exchange function during acute lung injury in septic rats.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of lidocaine on the expression of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) mRNA during lidocaine-induced attenuation of pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in septic rats.Methods:Thirty clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) by the random number table method: sham operation group (S group), sepsis group (C group) and lidocaine group (L group). Sepsis model was developed by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized animals.In group S, only surgery was performed without ligation.In group L, lidocaine 10 mg/kg was injected into the tail vein immediately after model preparation, followed by 10 mg·kg -1·h -1 infusion for 3 h. Groups S and C received the equal volume of normal saline instead.At 24 h after model preparation, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava, and lung tissues were harvested.Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and syndecan-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HMGB1 mRNA expression in lung tissues was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, wet/dry lung weight ratio was measured, and pulmonary vascular endothelial structure was observed with a transmission electron microscope. Results:Compared with group S, the serum TNF-α and syndecan-1 concentrations and wet/dry lung weight ratio were significantly increased, and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in C and L groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the serum TNF-α and syndecan-1 concentrations and wet/dry lung weight ratio were significantly decreased, and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in lung tissues was down-regulated in group L ( P<0.05). The results of transmission electron microscope showed that the pulmonary vascular endothelium was intact and continuous, and the structure was dense in group S; the pulmonary vascular endothelium was discontinuous, and the structure was significantly loose in group C; the pulmonary vascular endothelium was basically intact, and the structure was slightly loose in group L. Conclusions:Lidocaine may reduce pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in septic rats by inhibition of HMGB1 mRNA expression.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on the autophagy of hippocampal neurons in the developing rats under sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods:Thirty-six clean-grade healthy Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex, aged 7 days, weighing 12-15 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), sevoflurane group (group S), and sevoflurane plus dexmedetomidine group (group S+ D). On 7-9 days after birth, and the animals were exposed to 3% sevoflurane (oxygen concentration inhaled 29%, oxygen flow 2 L/min, 2 h/day) after intraperitoneal injection of 25 μg/kg dexmedetomidine every day in group S+ D, the animals were exposed to sevoflurane after intraperitoneal injection of the equal volume of normal saline in group S, and the animals were exposed to gas mixture after intraperitoneal injection of the equal volume of normal saline in group C. The Morris water maze test was carried out at 20 days after birth, and the place navigation test and spatial probe test were performed.After the end of Morris water maze test, the anesthetized rats were sacrificed, and the hippocampus was obtained for determination of the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3), BECN1 and P62 by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased, the expression of LC3 and BECN1 was up-regulated, and the expression of P62 was down-regulated in group S and group S+ D ( P<0.05). Compared with group S, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased, the expression of LC3 and BECN1 was down-regulated, and the expression of P62 was up-regulated in group S+ D ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine pretreatment improves sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction is related to reduction of excessive autophagy in hippocampal neurons of developing rats.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 (AMPK/p38 MAPK/Nrf2) pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats.Methods:Clean-grade healthy Sprague-Dawley male rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 220-280 g, were fed with a high fat diet, and 1% streptozotocin 50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 4 consecutive days to develop the model of diabetes mellitus.Thirty diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using the random number table method: sham operation group (sham group), myocardial I/R group (I/R group), and AMPK inhibitor compound C+ myocardial I/R group (C+ I/R group). The model of myocardial I/R injury was developed by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.Compound C 0.5 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 30 min before ischemia in C+ I/R group, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in Sham group and I/R group.At 120 min of reperfusion, the percentage of myocardial infarct size was calculated, the serum concentrations of creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myocardial tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results:Compared with Sham group, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and serum CK-MB and LDH levels were significantly increased, the levels of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were decreased, ROS level was increased, and the expression of AMPK, p-AMPK, p-p38 MAPK, Nrf2 and HO-1 was up-regulated in I/R group ( P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, the percentage of myocardial infarct size and serum CK-MB and LDH levels were significantly increased, the levels of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were decreased, ROS level was increased, and the expression of AMPK, Nrf2 and HO-1 was down-regulated in C+ I/R group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:AMPK/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism of endogenous antioxidant stress during myocardial I/R in diabetic rats.
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Objective:To study the correlation between OPRM1 A118G gene polymorphism (rs1799971) and the dosage of opioid analgesics in patients after lumbar decompression.Methods:From July 2017 to September 2018, 147 patients undergoing selective posterior lumbar decompression under general anesthesia in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were treated with sufentanil intravenous controlled analgesia(PCIA). The gene polymorphism was detected by PCR.The VAS, Ramasy sedation score, total dosage of sufentanil and adverse reactions of sufentanil in 48 h after operation were observed.Results:The genotype frequencies of AA, GA and GG were 30.6%, 55.5% and 13.9%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(χ 2=6.324, P=0.423), and G and A allele frequencies were 41.7%, 58.3%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(χ 2=5.559, P=0.184). There were no statistically significant differences in SpO 2, Ramasay sedation score and VAS score among the groups after operation(all P>0.05). The total dosage of sufentanil in OPRM1 mutant GG[(151.0±23.4)μg] and GA[(132.0±19.1)μg] was higher than that in AA[(123.0±16.2)μg] within 48 h of PCIA, the differences were statistically significant( t=5.206, 2.817, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The OPRM1 A118G gene polymorphism(rs1799971) is correlated with the dosage of opioid analgesics after lumbar decompression.
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Objective To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/nucle-ar factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(PI3K/Akt/Nrf2)signaling pathway in resveratrol preconditioning-in-duced cardioprotection in diabetic rats.Methods Clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 240-280 g,were used in the study.The diabetes model was established by intraper-itoneal injection of streptozotocin 30 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days.Forty diabetic rats were se-lected and divided into 4 groups(n＝10 each)according to the random number table method: sham opera-tion group(S group),myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)group(I/R group),resveratrol plus myo-cardial I/R group(Res+I/R group),and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 plus resveratrol plus myocardial I/R group(LY+Res+I/R group).The myocardial I/R injury model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120-min reperfusion in anesthetized rats.Resveratrol 20 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 7 consecutive days at one week before surgery in Res+I/R and LY+Res+I/R groups.LY294002 1.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before operation in LY+Res+I/R group.After 120 min of reperfusion,blood samples were taken for determination of serum creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)concentrations(by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay),and myocardial tissues at the ischemic area were obtained for determination of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels(by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay)and expression of Akt,phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β),phosphorylated GSK3β(p-GSK3β)and Nrf2(by Western blot).Results Compared with group S,serum CK-MB and LDH concentrations were significantly increased,the SOD and GSH levels were decreased,the MDA level was increased,and the expression of p-Akt and p-GSK3β was down-regu-lated in I/R group(P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,serum CK-MB and LDH concentrations were sig-nificantly decreased,the SOD and GSH levels were increased,the MDA level was decreased,and the ex-pression of p-Akt,p-GSK3β and Nrf2 was up-regulated in Res+I/R group(P＜0.05).Compared with Res+I/R group,serum CK-MB and LDH concentrations were significantly increased,the SOD and GSH levels were decreased,the MDA level was increased,and the expression of p-Akt,p-GSK3β and Nrf2 was down-regulated in LY+Res+I/R group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of resveratrol precondi-tioning-induced cardioprotection is related to activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting oxi-dative stress responses in diabetic rats.
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Objective@#To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (PI3K/Akt/Nrf2) signaling pathway in resveratrol preconditioning-induced cardioprotection in diabetic rats.@*Methods@#Clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 240-280 g, were used in the study.The diabetes model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 30 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days.Forty diabetic rats were selected and divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) according to the random number table method: sham operation group (S group), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group (I/R group), resveratrol plus myocardial I/R group (Res+ I/R group), and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 plus resveratrol plus myocardial I/R group (LY+ Res+ I/R group). The myocardial I/R injury model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120-min reperfusion in anesthetized rats.Resveratrol 20 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 7 consecutive days at one week before surgery in Res+ I/R and LY+ Res+ I/R groups.LY294002 1.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before operation in LY+ Res+ I/R group.After 120 min of reperfusion, blood samples were taken for determination of serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and myocardial tissues at the ischemic area were obtained for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)levels (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), phosphorylated GSK3β (p-GSK3β) and Nrf2 (by Western blot).@*Results@#Compared with group S, serum CK-MB and LDH concentrations were significantly increased, the SOD and GSH levels were decreased, the MDA level was increased, and the expression of p-Akt and p-GSK3β was down-regulated in I/R group (P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, serum CK-MB and LDH concentrations were significantly decreased, the SOD and GSH levels were increased, the MDA level was decreased, and the expression of p-Akt, p-GSK3β and Nrf2 was up-regulated in Res+ I/R group (P<0.05). Compared with Res+ I/R group, serum CK-MB and LDH concentrations were significantly increased, the SOD and GSH levels were decreased, the MDA level was increased, and the expression of p-Akt, p-GSK3β and Nrf2 was down-regulated in LY+ Res+ I/R group (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The mechanism of resveratrol preconditioning-induced cardioprotection is related to activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress responses in diabetic rats.
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Objective To investigate the effect of multimodal analgesia on postoperative pain,cortisol and inflammatory factor expression in patients with esophageal carcinoma.Methods Totally 80 patients with open thoracic and esophageal carcinoma were selected for elective surgery in the people′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from October 2015 to October 2016,randomLy divided into group C,Group M1, Group M2,group M3,each group of 20 cases.Group M1 was given intravenous parecoxib sodium and epidural fentanyl before surgery;group M2 received intravenous parecoxib sodium before surgery and epidural fentanyl after surgery;group M3 was given epidural fentanyl before surgery and intravenous parecoxib sodium after surgery;patients in group C received normal saline treatment.VAS of 8,12,24 and 48 h after surgery and pre-operative,postoperative,postoperative 24,48 h Cor,IL-6,TNF-α level were recorded and compared in four groups.Results 8,12,24 and 48 h after operation,the VAS score of the group M1,group M2,group M3 was significantly lower than that of the group C(P<0.05),the VAS score of the group M1 was significantly lower than that of the group M2 and group M3(P<0.05);24 h and 48 h after operation,the levels of Cor,IL-6 and TNF-α in the group M1,group M2 and group M3 were significantly lower than those in the group C(P<0.05).The levels of Cor,IL-6 and TNF-α in the group M1 were significantly lower than those in the group M 2 and group M3(P<0.05).Conclusion A variety of ways combined with analgesia can reduce postoperative pain in patients with esophageal cancer,help reduce stress and inflammatory factors.
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Objective To analyze the bone metabolism in hospitalized patients with Graves disease and the changes after 131I therapy.Methods The differences of bone metabolism were analyzed between 315 patients with Graves disease and 300 normal controls in a case-control study.The changes in bone turnover markers and BMD levels before and one year after 131I therapy were observed in 60 patients.Results Compared to normal control,bone turnover markers were markly higher and BMD levels were lower in patients with Graves disease.The level of thyroid hormones were positively related to bone turnover markers,while negatively related to total hip BMD (Z-score).But there was no linear relationship with lumbarand femoral neck BMD (Z-score).After one year of 131I therapy,bone turnover markers were markly lower than that before treatment,while BMD levels were partly higher than that before treatment.Conclusions In Graves disease patients,bone turnover markers were generally increased,while BMD levels decreased compared with normal people.After 131I therapy,along with the improvement of thyrotoxicosis,the high bone turnover rate can be suppressed,and BMD can partly recover.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism and cancer risk in the Chinese population.Methods We searched all relevant studies published on association between the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism and cancer risk in PubMed,Embase and Wanfang databases up to December 31,2016 were searched.A total of 4 case-control studies comprising 2 754 cases and 3 481 controls were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to examine the strength of the association.Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the stability of the results,publication bias was also assessed.Results The pooled results showed that there was a significant association between the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism and overall cancer risk under the dominant model (CC+CT vs.TT:OR=0.90,95%CI=0.82-1.00,P=0.048).Conclusion Base on present studies,the results of this meta-analysis indicated that there is a significant association between the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism and overall cancer risk in the Chinese population,the let-7 rs10877887 polymorphism could decrease the risk of cancer.
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Objective Tc explore the value of application of Sevoflurane anesthesia induction in anesthesia management of foreign matter removal from trachea in children.Methods Sixty five cases of children with tracheal foreign matter related in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the study objects,and were divided into two groups according to random number table method.The control group of 32 cases was given 2.5 mg/kg propofol to induce anaesthesia,and the observation group of 33 cases was given 8％ Sevoflurane inhalation to induce ancsthesia.One shot success rate,deoxygenation time,operation time,recovery time and the relative parameters (systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,respiratory rate and pulse oxygen saturation) at entrance time,before and after setting the mirror were contrasted and analyzed,and the intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions were recorded in the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in respiratory rate,blood oxygen saturation,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between two groups at entrance time and before setting the mirror (P ＞ 0.05).The respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation of the observation group were higher than those of control group after setting the mirror and at withdrawing mirror time,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant differences in other indexes (P ＞ 0.05).Deoxygenation time,operation time and recovery time of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sevoflurane anesthesia induction can obviously shorten operation time and recovery time in foreign matter removal from trachea in children,and reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions.It has good clinical effect.
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Objective To summarize the methods of diagnosing and treating solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas SPN so as to provide reference for its early clinical diagnosis.Methods We collected the clinical data of 62 patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of SPN treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between Feb.2004 and Sep.2014.Then we retroactively analyzed and summarized the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Results Among the 62 patients,55 were female and 7 were male;the mean age was (31.58±12.67) years old.The clinical features showed no specificity and the tumor was mostly detected upon physical check-up.The tumor was seen to be located mostly in the body and tail of the pancreas,and the average maximum diameter was (7.81±3.54)cm.We did not find obvious abnormality in routine pre-operative blood test results or liver and kidney functions.The imageological examination indicated tumor occupation in the pancreas.All the patients underwent surgical resection with no complications or death and had a good recovery after operation.Pathological diagnosis after operation was SPN without metastasis in lymph modes.Until the last time we followed up all the patients,we found relapse in two patients (3.2％).Conclusion SPN is a tumor that tends to affect young and middle-aged females.The malignancy grade of SPN is low,and patients with this disease show no specificity in clinical manifestation.The imageological examination is of vital importance in diagnosing SPN and surgical resection is an effective way to treat SPN.
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Objective To observe the effects and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride combined with parecoxib sodium in preventing postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil. Methods Eighty-eight ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients undergoing elective laparoscopic myomectomy surgery were randomly divided into four groups (C,O,P,PO) with 22 cases in each group. Patients in group C,O,P,PO were given with 10 mL saline, 0.1 mg?kg-1 oxycodone hydrochloride, 40 mg parecoxib sodium, 0.1 mg?kg-1 oxycodone hydrochloride and 40 mg parecoxib sodium 30 min before the end of the surgery, respectively. The VAS scores were recorded at the end of surgery 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and the cases of agitation, rigor, vomiting and increasing of analgesics were recorded. Results Compared with group C, the VAS scores in group O, P,PO were significantly lower(P<0.05). The VAS scores in group PO were lower than those in group O,P(P<0.05). The cases of agitation and rigor in group PO (0.0%, 5.0%) were less than those in group C (45.0%,23.0%) (P<0.05). The increased doses of analgesics in group PO(0) were less than those in groups C (12), group P (5), and group O (5)(P<0.05). Conclusion Oxycodone hydrochloride combined with parecoxib sodium can effectively prevent postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil, and reduce the incidence of postoperative agitation.
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Mastering peripheral nerve block technique is a basic requirement for residents stan-dardization training. Ultrasound-guided nerve block has broken through the limitation of traditional blind operation, promoted the quality and safety of anesthesia, and improved the quality of the peripheral nerve block teaching. However, the safety of ultrasound-guided nerve block technique must be based on the speci-fication training. In the teaching experience, we have used theoretical study, simulation training and clinical practice to explore a new method for upgrading the quality of resident doctor training.
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Objective To evaluate the influence of sevoflurane anesthesia on the expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in hippocampal neurons of neonatal rats.Methods Thirty-six pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7 weeks,weighing 15-20 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =9 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),1.5％ sevoflurane 6 h group (L group),3％ sevoflurane 2 h group (H1 group) and 3％ sevoflurane 6 h group (H2 group).Group L inhaled 1.5％ sevoflurane in oxygen for 6 h.H1 and H2 groups inhaled 3％ sevoflurane in oxygen for 2 and 6 h,respectively.Group C inhaled 30％ oxygcn only.When the neonatal rats were 14 days old,the rats underwent Morris water maze test for 7 consecutive days.Place navigation and spatial probe tests were carried out.After the end of Morris water maze test,the rats were sacrificed,and the hippocampus was obtained for determination of the expression of GAP-43 and NCAM in hippocampal neurons.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the expression of GAP-43 was down-regulated in L,H1 and H2 groups,and the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased in L and H2 groups.There was no significant difference in NCAM expression among the four groups.Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane anesthesia decreases the cognitive function may be related to down-regulated expression of GAP-43,but not related to NCAM expression in hippocampal neurons of neonatal rats.
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Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on learning and memory functions and S100β protein in anaplasis in the 7-day-old rat.Methods 48 SD rats of both sexes aged 7-day-old weighing 1 2-1 6 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (1 6 rats in each group):group A and group B inhaled 3 ％ sevoflurane in oxygen(1L/min) for 6h and 2h respectively; group C inhaled oxygen(1L/min) only.After inhalation,the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on learning and memory function were assessed by Morris water-maze test and Y-maze test from 16d to 24d.The rats were killed in the day of 8d and 25d respectively,and the blood were collected for the expression of serum concentration S100β protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results (1) Results of Morris water-maze test:Compared with group C,escape latency prolonged in group A and group B in 17-20d(P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) ;escape latency prolonged in group A compared with group B in 19-20d(P ＜ 0.01) ;but there were no significant differences in the probe time in original platform quadrant and the frequency of crossing original platform among three groups(P ＞0.05).(2) Result of Y-maze test:In 22d,the total reaction time of group A and B were longer than group C (P ＜0.05 or 0.01),and the error number was increased in group A and B compared with group C(P ＜ 0.01) ; while in 23-24d,there were no significant differences between every index of each groups (P ＞ 0.05).(3) Results of the blood serum index:In 8d,serum concentration of S100β protein was significantly increased in group A and B compared with group C (P ＜0.01),and serum concentration of S100β protein was significantly increased in group A compared with group B (P ＜ 0.05) ; But there were no significant differences in serum concentration of S100β protein of each groups in 25d(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane anesthesia in the 7-day-old rat can temporarily decrease the ability of learning and memory functions in the length of inhalation time dependent manner,and the mechanism may be related to the increased expression of serum concentration of S100β protein transiently.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanisms by which retinoic acid-induced gene G (RIG-G) protein regulates p21 gene expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Western blot was used to detect the effects of RIG-G protein overexpression on p21 protein expression level in leukemia cell line NB4 cells and the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and JNK in U937 cells. The c-Jun expression plasmid and p21 gene promoter-containing reporter plasmid were co-transfected into 293T cells, to explore the regulatory effect of c-Jun protein on p21 gene expression by luciferase reporter assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blot showed that the overexpression of RIG-G protein significantly upregulated p21 protein level in the NB4 cells, and the level of p21 protein largely increased along with the induction of endogenous RIG-G protein during the differentiation of NB4 cells treated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Moreover, the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and JNK decreased in RIG-G-overexpressing U937 cells while total c-Jun and JNK proteins remained unchanged. After using the JNK inhibitor SP600125 to block JNK phosphorylation, the level of c-Jun phosphorylation was still dramatically reduced in the RIG-G-overexpressing U937T-RIG-G cells, compared with the control U937T-pTRE cells. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of Rig-G protein on c-Jun phosphorylation could not only be through the JNK pathway, but also via some JNK-independent pathways. Luciferase reporter assay showed that when 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg c-Jun-expressing plasmids were respectively transfected into 293T cells, compared with the empty vector-transfected group, the relative luciferase activities were (83.0 ± 1.7)%, (73.7 ± 0.7)%, (68.9 ± 0.9)% and (64.1 ± 0.9)%, indicating that the transcriptional activity of p21 gene could be inhibited by c-Jun protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RIG-G protein may suppress the phosphorylation of c-Jun protein through different signal pathways, thereby increasing the expression of p21 gene, arresting the cell cycle and inhibiting the cell growth in U937 cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Cell Cycle , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 , Genetics , Metabolism , GTP-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Genes, Reporter , Phosphorylation , Signal Transduction , Transfection , Tretinoin , Metabolism , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in neutrophil granulocytes during one-lung ventilation in the patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy.Methods Thirty-eight ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 40-64 yr,weighing 50-75 kg,scheduled for elective pulmonary lobectomy,were randomized into 2 groups (n =19 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).In group D,dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 15 min before induction of anesthesia,followed by infusion at a rate of 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until 30 min before the end of operation.The equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.At 5 min after intubation,0,30 and 60 min of one-lung ventilation,0 and 30 min of two-lung ventilation,and 30 min after operation,blood samples were taken from the radial artery for blood gas analysis and for measurement of plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).The oxygenation index and respiratory index were calculated.The nuclear protein of neutrophil granulocytes was extracted for measurement of NF-κB DNA-binding activity.Results Compared with group C,the respiratory index,plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 and NF-κB DNA-binding activity were significantly decreased,and no significant difference was found in the oxygenation index in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the activation of NF-κB in neutrophil granulocytes and is helpful in reducing the systemic inflammatory responses during one-lung ventilation in the patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy.