Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City. Methods Children with diarrhea under 5 years of age admitted to Guangzhou Children’s hospital, Guangzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital and Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center during the period between January 1 and December 31, 2020, were enrolled. Participants’ demographics, living environments and health status were collected using questionnaire surveys. Stool samples were collected from participants and nucleic acid was extracted. B. hominis infection was identified using PCR assay and sequence alignment, and the factors affecting B. hominis infection among children with diarrhea under 5 years of age were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 684 children with diarrhea under 5 years of age were enrolled, including 468 male children and 216 female children, with a mean age of (1.79 ± 1.12) years. The overall prevalence of B. hominis infection was 4.97% [34/684, 95% confidential interval (CI): (3.59%, 6.86%)] among participants, and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of B. hominis infection between children with chronic [7.52% (20/266), 95% CI: (4.92%, 11.33%)] and acute diarrhea [3.35% (14/418), 95% CI: (2.01%, 5.54%)] (χ2 = 5.983, P = 0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified keeping pet [odds ratio (OR) = 6.298, 95% CI: (2.711, 14.633)], drinking non-tap water [OR = 4.522, 95% CI: (1.769, 11.561)], lactose intolerance [OR = 4.221, 95% CI: (1.043, 17.087)], antibiotic use [OR = 0.125, 95% CI: (0.017, 0.944)] and chronic diarrhea [OR = 2.172, 95% CI: (1.018, 4.637)] as factors affecting B. hominis infection among children with diarrhea under 5 years of age in Guangzhou City. Conclusions B. hominis infections is detected in children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City. Improving home environments and pet-keeping hygiene is recommended to reduce the likelihood of B. hominis infection among children.

LC-MS/MS method for the determination of an anti-tumor compound C17 in nude mice plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study / 药学学报

C17 is an orally available anti-tumor compound inhibiting cancer stem cell (CSC). In this study, a stable, sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established and validated, and was further applied to a pharmacokinetic study in nude mice receiving C17 by gavage. Using propranolol as the internal standard, the plasma samples were pre-treated by precipitation with methanol and analyzed on an Intersil C8-3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm), and gradient elution was performed with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous and solution mixed up by 90% isopropanol and 10% acetonitrile. The analyte was detected by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer, and multiple reaction monitoring was employed to select C17 at m/z 439.3/247.1 and propranolol at m/z 260.2/116.2 in the positive ion mode. The calibration curves were linear (r > 0.995) over the range of 5-800 ng·mL-1. The intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies were 7.42%-13.22% and -8.99%-8.81% respectively. The method was successfully applied to a PK study in nude mice administered with a single oral dose of 50 mg·kg-1 C17, and the PK data were analyzed with non-linear mixed effect model (NONMEM). Two separated absorption peaks were found in the PK curve of C17, and a two-compartment model with two sequential first-order absorption rate was utilized to describe the PK properties of C17, and the model could provide insights into the physiological process and exposure of C17 in nude mice. All animal experiments were in strict accordance with the regulations of the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University.

Effects of bronchial thermoplasty and cryoablation on airway smooth muscle / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) has been reported in patients with severe asthma. This study compared the effects of BT and cryoballoon ablation (CBA) therapy on the airway smooth muscle (ASM).@*METHODS@#Eight healthy male beagle dogs were included in this experiment. In the preliminary experiment, one dog received BT treatment for both lower lobe bronchus, another dog received CBA treatment for 7 s on the upper and lower lobe of right bronchus, and 30 s on the left upper and lower lobe. The treatments were performed twice at an interval of 1 month. In subsequent experiments, the right lower lobe bronchus was treated with BT, and the left lower lobe bronchus was treated with CBA. The effects of treatment were observed after 1 (n = 3) month and 6 months (n = 3). Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to compare the effects of BT and CBA therapy on the ASM thickness, collagen fibers synthesis, and M3 receptor expression after treatment. One-way analysis of variance with Dunnett post hoc test was used to analyze the differences among groups.@*RESULTS@#In the preliminary experiment, the ASM ablation effect of 30-s CBA was equivalent to that of 7-s CBA (ASM thickness: 30.52 ± 7.75 μm vs. 17.57 ± 15.20 μm, P = 0.128), but the bronchial mucociliary epithelium did not recover, and large numbers of inflammatory cells had infiltrated the mucosal epithelium at 1-month post-CBA with 30-s freezing. Therefore, we chose 7 s as the CBA treatment time in our follow-up experiments. Compared with the control group (35.81 ± 11.02 μm), BT group and CBA group (13.41 ± 4.40 μm and 4.81 ± 4.44 μm, respectively) had significantly decreased ASM thickness after 1 month (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ASM thickness was significantly lower in the 1-month post-CBA group than in the 1-month post-BT group (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in ASM thickness between the BT and CBA groups after six months (9.92 ± 4.42 μm vs. 7.41 ± 7.20 μm, P = 0.540). Compared with the control group (0.161 ± 0.013), the average optical density of the ASM M3 receptor was significantly decreased in 6-month post-BT, 1-month post-CBA, and 6-month post-CBA groups (0.070 ± 0.022, 0.072 ± 0.012, 0.074 ± 0.008, respectively; all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the average optical density of ASM M3 receptor between the BT and CBA therapy groups after six months (P = 0.613).@*CONCLUSIONS@#CBA therapy effectively ablates the ASM, and its ablation effect is equivalent to that of BT with a shorter onset time. A neural mechanism is involved in both BT and CBA therapy.

Clinical Study on Acupuncture at Cranial Sutures plus Rehabilitation Training for Post-stroke Spastic Palsy / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at cranial sutures plus rehabilitation training in treating post-stroke spastic palsy.Method Sixty patients with post-stroke spastic palsy were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases each. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture at cranial sutures plus rehabilitation training, while the control group was intervened by rehabilitation training alone. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and activities of daily living (ADL) in the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were observed before and after the treatment for the two groups.Result After the intervention, there was a significant difference in MAS score between the two groups (P<0.05). The FMA and ADL scores were changed significantly after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05). The FMA and ADL scores in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group after the treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at cranial sutures plus rehabilitation is an effective approach in treating post-stroke spastic palsy.

Imaging features of an intraosseous arteriovenous malformation in the tibia

Primary intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare and have only been occasionally reported. We herein report a histologically proven case of primary intraosseous AVM in the tibia, which mimicked a fibrous tumour on radiography. This presentation carries a risk of triggering acute large haemorrhage through unnecessary biopsy. In intraosseous AVM, the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features typical of a soft tissue AVM are absent, making diagnosis difficult. In this report, peculiar MR features in the presence of a connecting vessel between the normal deep venous system of the lower extremity and the tumour provide a clue for the early diagnosis of primary intraosseous AVM.

Synchronous correction of lip and nasal deformity in complete bilateral cleft lip / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the technique and its therapeutic effect of synchronous correction of lip and nasal deformity in complete bilateral cleft lip.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>29 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip underwent synchronous correction of lip and nasal deformity with the modified Mulliken method for Asians. The philtral flap was 6-7 mm in length, and 3-4 mm in width at the collumellar-labial junction. The distance between the peaks of cupid's bow was 4-5 mm. The bilateral edge of philtral flap was de-epithelialized and advanced to form philtrum column. The lateral lip was advanced to the medial site, and the central vermilion tubercle was constructed with the bilateral vermilion-mucosal flap. Through the alar rim incision, the displaced cartilage was dissected and repositioned to raise the nasal tip. The follow-up period was 6 months to 6 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Satisfactory results were achieved in all patients. The reconstructed upper lip had invisible scar with natural philtrum and column. The vermilion had good appearance with tubercle. The length of nasal column was not decreased and depression of nasal tip and alar was greatly improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our modified Mulliken method is effective in synchronous correction of lip and nasal deformity in bilateral cleft lip.</p>

Intra-arterial calcium stimulation test with hepatic venous sampling for preoperative diagnosis of a large insulinoma in an obese young man

Herein, we report the case of a large benign insulinoma in an obese young man with a three-year history of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia. He presented to our outpatient department with a two-week history of dizziness and morning cold sweats. A random serum glucose test revealed hypoglycaemia. Upon admission, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen with intravenous contrast media showed an enhancing mass lesion in the uncinate process of the pancreas. To confirm the diagnosis, an intra-arterial calcium stimulation test with hepatic venous sampling was performed for preoperative localisation and to exclude the presence of occult insulinomas. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy, with successful resection of the pancreatic head tumour. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful, and he has not developed further episodes of hypoglycaemia three years post surgery.

Case of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Mimicking Hematogeneous Metastases in an Immuocompetent Patient: Value of Absent 18F-Fluorodeoxylucose Uptake on Positron Emission Tomography/CT Scan

The radiologic appearance of multiple discrete pulmonary nodules in immunocompetent patients, with cryptococcal infection, has been rarely described. We describe a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis, presenting with bilaterally and randomly distributed nodules on a computed tomography, mimicking hematogeneous metastases. Positron emission tomography does not demonstrate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, suggesting a low probability for malignancy, which is a crucial piece of information for clinicians when making a management decision. We find the absence of FDG uptake correlates with the pathologic finding of an infectious nodule, composed of fibrosis and necrosis.

Docetaxel (Taxotere®)-induced cavitary change of pulmonary metastatic lesions complicated by bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces in a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung

Pneumothorax is a complication that rarely occurs after chemotherapy for lung cancer. We report the chest computed tomography findings of a case of spontaneous pneumothorax complicating docetaxel (Taxotere®) treatment for pulmonary metastasis in a 70-year-old woman with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The patient developed bilateral pneumothoraces, which was induced by changes in the cavitary pulmonary metastatic lesions, after systemic chemotherapy with docetaxel. The chest computed tomography findings and possible mechanisms of this unusual complication are discussed in this report.

Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and risk of early organ damage: a comparison between patients with primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare plasma concentrations of biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction between patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and essential hypertension (EH), and to determine whether elevated levels of these biomarkers could predict development of early organ damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six PA patients and 39 EH patients matched for age, sex, blood pressure and duration of hypertension were included in this study. Plasma levels of biomarkers reflecting endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor, vWF; soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, sICAM-1; and oxidized low density lipoprotein, ox-LDL) were detected and compared between PA and EH patients. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) determined by echocardiography, 24-hour urinary protein quantitative determination and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were analyzed to evaluate early organ damage. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as LVMI > 125 g/m(2) in men and > 120 g/m(2) in women, and UAER between 20 µg/min and 200 µg/min was defined as microalbuminuria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>vWF [(122.3 ± 53.8)% vs. (113.1 ± 68.3)%], sICAM-1 [(401.0 ± 74.1) µg/L vs. (300.9 ± 87.0) µg/L], ox-LDL [(13.6 ± 10.0) U/L vs. (8.1 ± 5.9) U/L], LVMI [(124.7 ± 33.6) g/m(2) vs. (109.1 ± 25.7) g/m(2)], 24-hour urinary protein quantitation [24 h UPQ, (0.17 ± 0.10) g vs. (0.09 ± 0.04) g] and UAER [(25.9 ± 7.7) µg/min vs. (9.7 ± 5.9) µg/min] were significantly higher in PA group than in EH group (all P < 0.05). Elevated plasma vWF, sICAM-1 levels and plasma aldosterone concentration independently predicted microalbuminuria. Whereas, elevated plasma vWF and ox-LDL levels, plasma aldosterone concentration and systolic blood pressure independently predicted left ventricular hypertrophy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with PA have severer endothelial dysfunction reflected by multiple biomarkers and earlier organ damage than patients with EH, and plasma aldosterone concentration and multiple endothelial dysfunction biomarkers could independently predict early organ damage.</p>

Incidence and risk factors of target organ damage in 17, 682 elderly hypertensive inpatients between 1993 and 2008 / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of target organ damage (TOD) in elderly hypertensive inpatients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of the present retrospective survey were collected and analyzed from the computerized medical records of 17 682 aged 60 years or older inpatients with the diagnosis of essential hypertension (EH) from January 1993 to December 2008 in our hospital. The evidences of hypertensive TOD and associated risk factors with TOD including age, gender, presence of diabetes (DM), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum lipids were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall prevalence of stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aortic dissection (AD) was 32.19%, 27.33%, 10.12% and 0.77%, respectively. Incidence of TOD was 68.03% in male and 31.70% in female patients. CKD stage 3-5 was more prevalent in males than in females (12.75% vs. 5.40%, P < 0.01), while the prevalence of CAD (31.31% vs. 27.96%, P = 0.06), Stroke (28.23% vs. 25.81%, P = 0.08) and AD (0.89% vs.0.74%, P = 0.72) was similar between men and women. One TOD was presented in 23.20% patients and two or more TODs were found in 47.19% patients. Higher age and BMI, longer history and lower control rate of hypertension, severe degree of hypertension and higher level of SBP, pulse pressure, TC, LDL-C, estimated GFR (eGFR) and Hcy were risk factors for TOD. BMI, fasting plasma glucose, incidence of DM, prevalence of stage 1 and 2 hypertension, control rate of hypertension, eGFR and TG levels were all significantly higher while the prevalence of hypertension stage 3 and level of TC and LDL-C were significantly lower in female TOD patients than in male TOD patients (all P < 0.05). In patients without TOD, TG was significantly higher while SBP, fasting plasma glucose and LDL-C were significantly lower and history of hypertension was significantly shorter in female patients than in male patients (all P < 0.05). The prevalence of CAD, stroke and CKD increased with age (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of TOD is high in elderly hypertensive inpatients and higher age and BMI, longer history and lower control rate of hypertension, severe degree of hypertension and higher level of SBP, pulse pressure, TC, LDL-C, eGFR and Hcy are risk factors for TOD.</p>

Incidentally Detected Enhancing Breast Lesions on Chest Computed Tomography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nature and imaging appearance of incidental enhancing breast lesions detected on a routine contrast-enhanced chest CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with incidental enhancing breast lesions on contrast-enhanced chest CT were retrospectively reviewed. The breast lesions were reviewed by unenhanced and enhanced CT, and evaluated by observing the shapes, margins, enhancement patterns and backgrounds of breast lesions. A histopathologic diagnosis or long-term follow-up served as reference standard. RESULTS: Sixteen (70%) patients had malignant breast lesions and seven (30%) had benign lesions. In 10 patients, the breast lesions were exclusively detected on contrast-enhanced CT. Using unenhanced CT, breast lesions with fibroglandular backgrounds were prone to be obscured (p < 0.001). Incidental primary breast cancer showed an non-significant trend of a higher percentage irregular margin (p = 0.056). All of the four incidental breast lesions with non-mass-like enhancement were proven to be malignant. CONCLUSION: Routine contrast-enhanced chest CT can reveal sufficient details to allow for the detection of unsuspected breast lesions, in which some cases may be proven as malignant. An irregular margin of incidental enhancing breast lesion can be considered a suggestive sign of malignancy.

Intra-Arterial Treatment in Patients with Acute Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Endoscopic Failure: Comparisons between Positive versus Negative Contrast Extravasation Groups

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment outcome is associated with visualization of contrast extravasation in patients with acute massive gastrointestinal bleeding after endoscopic failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2009, patients that experienced a first attack of acute gastrointestinal bleeding after failure of initial endoscopy were referred to our interventional department for intra-arterial treatment. We enrolled 79 patients and divided them into two groups: positive and negative extravasation. For positive extravasation, patients were treated by coil embolization; and in negative extravasation, patients were treated with intra-arterial vasopressin infusion. The two groups were compared for clinical parameters, hemodynamics, laboratory findings, endoscopic characteristics, and mortality rates. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients had detectable contrast extravasation (positive extravasation), while 31 patients did not (negative extravasation). Fifty-six patients survived from this bleeding episode (overall clinical success rate, 71%). An elevation of hemoglobin level was observed in the both two groups; significantly greater in the positive extravasation group compared to the negative extravasation group. Although these patients were all at high risk of dying, the 90-day mortality rate was significantly lower in the positive extravasation than in the negative extravasation (20% versus 42%, p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis suggested that successful hemostasis (odds ratio [OR] = 28.66) is the most important predictor affecting the mortality in the two groups of patients. CONCLUSION: Visualization of contrast extravasation on angiography usually can target the bleeding artery directly, resulting in a higher success rate to control of hemorrhage.

Using Multidetector-Row CT for the Diagnosis of Afferent Loop Syndrome Following Gastroenterostomy Reconstruction

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical manifestations and multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) findings of afferent loop syndrome (ALS) and to determine the role of MDCT on treatment decisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, 1,100 patients had undergone gastroenterostomy reconstruction in our institution. Of these, 22 (2%) patients were diagnosed as ALS after surgery that included Roux-en-Y gastroenterotomy (n=9), Billroth-II gastrojejunostomy (n=7), and Whipple's operation (n=6). Clinical manifestations and MDCT features of these patients were recorded and statistically analyzed. The presumed etiologies of obstruction shown on the MDCT were correlated with clinical information and confirmed by surgery or endoscopic biopsy. RESULTS: The most common clinical symptom was acute abdominal pain, presenting in 18 patients (82%). We found that a fluid-filled C-shaped afferent loop in combination with valvulae conniventes projecting into the lumen was the most common MDCT features of ALS. Malignant causes of ALS, such as local recurrence and carcinomatosis, are the most common etiologies of obstruction. These etiologies and associated complications can be predicted 100% by MDCT. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that MDCT is a reliable modality for assessing the etiologies of ALS and guiding treatment decisions.

Hypoxia enhances the proliferation of skeletal myoblasts and possible mechanism / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of hypoxia in skeletal myoblasts proliferation and related mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The numbers and proliferous indexes of skeletal myoblasts were detected by flow cytometer under 20%, 3%, and 10% oxygen concentration. Hypoxia inducing factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HIF-1alpha proteinum in endochylema and intranucelus were respectively detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers and proliferous indexes were higher (P < 0.05) in hypoxia group than those of control group. The expression HIF-1alpha mRNA had no difference in hypoxia and in normal groups. The level of HIF-1alpha proteinum in endochylema under normoxia was more than that in intranucelus and it was opposite under hypoxia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxia can promote the proliferation of skeletal myoblasts. The possible mechanism of hypoxia promoting the proliferation of skeletal myoblasts might be that low oxygen concentration regulates HIF-la nuclear translocation.</p>

Perforated Sigmoid Colon Cancer within an Irreducible Inguinal Hernia: a Case Report

A perforated sigmoid colon cancer within an inguinal hernia is extremely rare. This unexpected finding is usually discovered during surgery and causes an unavoidable septic evolution. Here, we describe the case of an 84-year-old man who presented with fever, abdominal distension, and a painful, enlarged, left scrotum. A CT showed a left, incarcerated, inguinal hernia containing a perforated sigmoid adenocarcinoma (which was confirmed by histopathology). The possibility of an irreducible inguinal hernia in association with perforated sigmoid colon cancer should be considered in the array of diagnoses. A pre-operative CT scan would be helpful in facilitating an accurate diagnosis.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema in Chinese railway construction workers at Qinghai-Tibet over 4 500 meters above sea level / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine whether the polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene are associated with the susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in Chinese railway construction workers at Qinghai-Tibet where the altitude is over 4 500 m above sea level.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted including 149 HAPE patients in the construction workers and 160 healthy controls randomly recruited from their co-workers, matching the patients in ethnicity, age, sex, lifestyle, and working conditions. Three polymorphisms of eNOS gene, T-786C in promoter, 894G/T in exon 7, and 27bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 4, were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed with DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of 894T allele and heterozygous G/T of the 894G/T variant were significantly higher in HAPE patients group than in the control group (P=0.0028 and P=0.0047, respectively). However, the frequencies of the T-786C in promoter and the 27bp VNTR in intron 4 were not significantly different between the two groups. Haplotypic analysis revealed that the frequencies of two haplotypes (H3,T-T-b, b indicates 5 repeats of 27 bp VNTR; H6, C-G-a, a indicates 4 repeats of 27 bp VNTR) were significantly higher in HAPE patients (both Pü0.0001). On the contrary, the frequencies of H1 (T-G-b) and H2 (T-G-a) were lower in HAPE patients than in healthy controls (both Pü0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Two haplotypes (T-T-b and C-G-a) may be strongly associated with susceptibility to HAPE. Compared with the individual alleles of eNOS gene, the interaction of multiple genetic markers within a haplotype may be a major determinant for the susceptibility to HAPE.</p>

Atypical Pulmonary Metastases from a True Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Parotid Gland

A 58-year-old male patient presented with a recurrent true malignant mixed tumor of the parotid gland. Patchy pulmonary opacities were identified with a chest radiograph. Subsequently, a CT scan of the chest showed pulmonary parenchymal consolidation with amorphous calcifications. This abnormality was confirmed to be the result of a metastatic true malignant mixed tumor by using CT-guided biopsy. The current case demonstrated an extremely rare example of atypical pulmonary metastases from a true malignant mixed tumor of the parotid gland showing an air-space pattern and calcification.

An Unusual Radiologic Pattern of Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia: Diffuse Pulmonary Nodules in a Leukemia Patient

The radiological appearance of diffuse discrete pulmonary nodules associated with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) has been rarely described. We describe a case of COP in 49-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia who developed diffuse pulmonary nodules during the second course of induction chemotherapy. The clinical status of the patient and imaging findings suggested the presence of a pulmonary metastasis or infectious disease. A video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy resulted in the unexpected diagnosis of COP as an isolated entity. Steroid therapy led to dramatic improvement of the clinical symptoms and the pulmonary lesions.