Comparison of two corticosteroids mouthwashes in treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus

Statement of Problem: Oral Lichen Planus [OLP] is a common chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease and has different types. If they are symptomatic, they must be treated. Corticosteroid, especially in topical form, is commonly used

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of two corticosteroid mouthwashes on treatment of symptomatic OLP

Materials and Method: The participants of this single-blind study were 44 symptomatic OLP patients. They included 27 females and 17 males. They were randomly divided into two groups and were given drug A [Dexamethasone 0.1%] or B [Triamcinolone acetonide 0.2%] for four weeks. Extension of lesions [mm[2]] and severity of symptoms [based on Visual Analogue Scale] were recorded before and after treatment [weeks 1, 2, 4]. Finally, SPSS 12 was used and Man-Whitney test was run to analyze the data

Results: In both groups extension of lesions and burning sensation decreased significantly during the four weeks of treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, Dexamethasone 0.1% was more efficacious, in the fourth week, in reducing the size of lesions than Triamcinolone acetonide 0.2% [p = 0.02]

Conclusion: Both mouth washes were useful in diminishing pain and decreasing the size of lesions. However, Dexamethasone 0.1% was recommended for treatment of OLP because it was more efficacious than Triamcinolone acetonide 0.2%

[Quantitative comparison of un-stimulated whole saliva flow rate among menopausal women and same aged men]

Menopause can be associated with psycho-somatic changes in oro-facial areas like xerostomia and Burning Mouth Syndrome, although these findings are controversial. The present study sought to compare the Un-stimulated Whole Saliva [UWS] flow rate of a group including menopausal and postmenopausal women and same-aged men. In this cross-sectional analytic-descriptive study 40 menopausal and post-menopausal women [as experimental-group] and 40 same-aged men [as control group] without any systemic diseases and any drug consumption were divided into 2 groups, xerostomia was evaluated by a questionnaire, and their psychological conditions were assessed with HAD scale. UWS flow rate was measured by the spitting method. Data were analyzed by chi-square, Krusscal Walis and Mann-Whitney tests. Mean of UWS flow rates in experimental group was significantly less than that in control group [P=0.006]; no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding psychological condition. Also, menopausal women had significantly greater xerostomia than men [45% vs 15%] [P=0.003]. Based on this study, xerostomia and reduction in UWS flow rate are sequences of menopause, these findings necessitate the increasing awareness of menopausal and postmenopausal women for controlling the methods of these problems

[Oral and dental manifestations in patients with gastro- esophageal reflux disease [GERD]]

Statement of problem: gastro-esophageal reflux disease [GERD] occurres when there is an insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter. The effect of chronic exposure of the oral cavity to gastric acid can be many and varied

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral and dental manifestations in patients with GERD, and compare them with healthy persons

Material and Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 80 patients with GERD, identified by gastroenterologisit, and 80 healthy persons were included. Persons in both groups were asked to answere questionnaires including name, age, consumption of drug, diseases, allergy, bruxism, smoking and dysgeusia. They were also examined for missing teeth, dental erosion and atrophic glossitis. Data were analysed with the spss- 11.5 statistical software by using Mann- Whitney and Chisquare tests

Results: There was a statistically significant difference among two groups for the prevalence and severity of type S2 of dental erosion. [in order Pv=0.045, Pv[S2]= 0.012]. No relationship was found between GERD and oral changes including missing teeth, dental sensitivity, dysgeusia, atrophic glossitis and severity of dental erosion [S1, S3] [Pv> 0.05]

Conclusion: Moderate dental erosion is a common finding in patients with GERD and should be considered as oral manifestation of this disease

Evaluation of possible oral side effects of cinnamol mouthwash

Cinnamol mouth wash has deodorant antimicrobial effects. Cinnamol - the basis of this product - can incite allergic stomatitis [lip swelling, bulb, keratosis, oral ulcer and squamous cell carcinoma]. The aim of this study was to detect cinnamol mouth wash side effects. This double blind clinical trial study was done on 50 dental students of Yazd dental faculty. After oral examination, subjects were entered into a randomized double blind study. Exclusion criteria were systemic disorders, allergic symptoms, multiple drug use and recurrent oral ulcers. 25 cases were asked to rinse with cinnamol and 25 with placebo [peppermint] for 10 days. Oral manifestations were examined during and at the end of the study. Data were analysed by chi-square test. Fifty subjects [18 women and 32 men] were examined. The mean age was 26.1 [age range: 21-44]. No significant problem was seen in the control group. In the case group, only one lip swelling was observed. No adverse effect was observed with the use of cinnamol mouth wash. May be less cinnamol concentration in cinnamol mouth wash in addition to short time use and short time rinse is the susceptible cause of this finding. Long term studies with greater sample size are recommended

[Clinical evaluation of mucoadhesive film on gingiva among healthy volunteers]

The term bioadhesion refers to the attachment of a natural or systhetic polymer to a biological substrate: when this substrate is mucus, mucodhesion is the term used. The aim of this study was formulation and clinical evaluation of the first mucoadhesive film in Iran. In this clinical trial four mucoadhesive films [A, B, C, D] were formulated based on theoretical knowledge of adhesive polymers and physical properties of a mucoadhesive layer. For this, Hydroxy Propyle Metyle Cellulose [HPMC] polyvinyl povolidion [PVP] and carbapol [C], were used as adhesive layer and nitrocellulose [NC] and Ethylcellulose [EC] were used as hydrophobe layer. Films were assessed in a double-blind clinical trial study among 20 healthy volunteers on attached gingiva of maxillary canine. Maximum duration of attachment of films and effects of related factors were evaluated. Data were analysed using SPSS and by chi-square, t-test and repeated measurements. There was a significant difference among four films according to mean duration of adhesion [P<0.001] so as film A showed maximum adhesion time [13 hours] and film D showed minimum adhesion time [5.15 hours]. Mucosal compatibility of the adhesive films was good and eating and drinking had no effects on seperation of films from gingiva. It seems that film A is appropriate for mucosal adhesion. Further studies with different dimensions on this film are needed prior to its use as a mucoadhesive film in oral mucosa

[Evaluation of the prevalence of developmental anomalies of the tongue in special educational centers of Yazd City]

Developmental anomalies of the tongue frequently occur in patients with other congenital or developmental defects. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of developmental anomalies of the tongue among handicapped students of Yazd city. In this cross-sectional study, 400 handicapped children were randomly selected among the special educational centers. Their age range was 6 to 13 years old [220 females, 180 males], among them, 280 cases were mental retarded and 120 cases were physically handicapped. All children were examined and any developmental anomalies of the tongue were recorded. Analysis of data was done by t and Chi-Square tests and analysis of variance. In this study, the prevalence of tongue anomalies was found to be 6.8%. Results showed that 3.7% of cases had fissured tongue, 2% cleft tongue, 0.5% macroglossia, 0.3% microglossia, 0.3% ankyloglossia and no cases of aglossia and bifid tongue were observed. There was no significant difference in prevalence rates of the developmental anomalies in relation to sex, age, IQ and type of retardation. As fissured tongue showed to be the most common anomaly in these students, a follow-up examination is recommended for prevention of unwanted changes