ABSTRACT
Intestinal parasites, esp. giardiasis are the most common gastrointestinal infection disorders in the world, especially in north of Iran. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections in the stool samples of the people living in the central areas of Mazandaran province. In this descriptive study, 4223 human fecal samples were randomly collected from different areas in different seasons in the central regions of Mazandaran province, from Oct 2009 to Sept 2010. The Samples were assessed by direct smear and formalin-ether method. We analyzed the data by using Chi-square and T test. Of 4223 stool samples, 75 [17.9%] have at least one type of parasite. The rate of infection with intestinal protozoa is 15.9% including 8.1% with B. Hominis, 6.4% with G. lamblia, and 1.9% with intestinal worms [S. stercolaris and Strongyloides larvae] .The prevalence rate is 6.1% in rural, 5.9% in urban and 5.8% in mountainous areas. Considering the seasons, the prevalence in the urban area in summer [4/39%], rural area in spring [32%] and mountainous area in fall [28%] are reported. Statistically no significant differences between different regions and seasons have been observed [P> 0.05]. Based on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, especially in the central part of Mazandaran province in different seasons, early diagnosis and treatment of the patients and public health promotion could be effective to prevent and control these infections in north of Iran
ABSTRACT
Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells that obtain necessary regulatory signals for T cells. T regulatory cells are effective cells in reaction with dendritic cells and have an important role in treating of diseases. To evaluate the effect of TGF-beta [Transforming Growth Factor beta] Cytokine in dendritic cell generation and capacity of these cells in regulatory T cells development in culture media. In this experimental study blood samples were obtained from 5 volunteers then peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by using Phicole Hypaque dendritic cells of peripheral blood monocyte were produced by GM-CSF IL-4 and TGF-beta in comparison with control group. Mixed leukocyte reaction was accesed in allogenic T cell and dendritic cell. The number of CD4+CD25+ T cells CD14+ and their surface markers were evaluated by Flowcytometry. In this study dendritic cells produced in presence and without presence of TGF-beta cytokine. The proliferation level of T cells decreased in mixed leukocyte reaction with dendritic cell-treated TGF-beta in comparison with control group. In addition the number of T CD25+ cells increased 27 percent in culture media including dendritic cell-treated TGF-beta in comparison with control group[p and amp;lt;0.05]. The TGF-Beta molecule caused effect on the dendritic cells and producted cells with inhibiting of immune responses in mixed leukocyte reaction. So it concluded that these cells can have an important role in preventing of unwanted immune reaction invitro