ABSTRACT
Objective@#The current study aimed to get an easy objective method to detect attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by investigating the simple inflammatory blood ratios platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PRL), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) & the monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), for the sake of receiving early management to such cases and overcoming language affection as a comorbid symptom. @*Methods@#This study was conducted on two groups: Group 1 (SG) consisted of 70 ADHD children who had delayed language development (DLD), freshly diagnosed, according to DSM-V criteria, and those patients were not on medical treatment. Group 2 healthy group (HG) consisted of 44 healthy control normal children that were both physically and mentally free of the same socio-demographic characters of the first group. @*Results@#The PLR, NLR and MLR, were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the healthy control group (HG) group, although the simple blood indices were average. @*Conclusion@#Inflammation has a role as a comorbid cause of ADHD. Simple blood inflammatory mediators may be used as comorbid factors in ADHD. This study explained that the language abilities must be taken in consideration when assessing children with ADHD. The screening tools for inflammatory markers are important when dealing with ADHD children with/ without delayed language development (DLD). Also, working memory assessment is mandatory in ADHD with DLD to assign a special program in language therapy for each child.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is contemplated as the most exceptional global health crisis, becoming a vigorous, powerful destroyer of both health and economy in the 21st century. Although young children are clinically less affected by COVID-19 than adults, they are concomitantly influenced by the pandemic in many aspects. @*Methods@#This study is an attempt to investigate the negative effects of the lockdown on the psychological, nutritional, physical, as well as the behavioral aspects among Egyptian children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a formulated online survey among a total of 672 participant aged 6–18 years. @*Results@#During the lockdown 58.9% of the participants reported increase in their weight, 64.6% of reported decrease in their physical activity, moreover 86.9% reported increased time consumed on the computer/TV/mobile, and 54.7% reported sleeping problems. @*Conclusion@#COVID-19 pandemic had a massive influence on children’s health globally, in many aspects whether medical, physical or psychological. All these intimations have to be highlighted and dealt with clearly to avoid both short/long-term sequel.
ABSTRACT
What causes muscle fatigue? Is lactic acid considered to be a major culprit in the underlying mechanisms of muscle fatigue? These are very important questions and the answers are difficult and sophisticated. For decades, lactic acid was the major culprit of muscle fatigue. This review reveals that muscle fatigue would occur more badly if lactic acid was not produced in anaerobic cellular conditions to regenerate NAD[+] required for continuation of glycolysis, the major pathway for generation of energy needed for muscle performance
Subject(s)
Muscle Fatigue/physiology , Acidosis, Lactic , Troponin C , GlycolysisABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to determine the effects of chronic tobacco smoking on behaviour, EEG power spectrum, EEG activation ratio and visual evoked potential [VEP] of freely moving rats. Simultaneous EEG records from the 4 electrodes were carried out one week later [as recovery and raining period] by means of differential recording of 12 channel EEG machine [Braintronix]. Sixty seconds EEG free of artifact were recorded after a tobacco smoking period of 15 min [0.01 mg/200 g] via inhalation route. FFT analysis was carried out for each actual trace to obtain power spectrum density for the recorded 60s period. Chronic Tobacco smoking over a period of 30 days of continuously daily single dose [0.01 mg/200 of rat per day] resulted in arousal increments as some behavioural activation [slight locomotor activation, periods of sniffing]. Also, there was less stimulant effects in the right than left hemisphere. Chronic Tobacco smoking over a period of 30 days of continuously daily single dose [0.01 mg/200 g or rat per day] resulted in Arousal increments as some behavioural activation [slight locomotor activation, periods of sniffing]. Also, there was less stimulant effects in the right than left hemisphere. Chronic Tobacco smoking resulted in decreases in percentage of relative power of delta-1, delta-2, theta-1, theta-2 and alpha-1 and increased percentage of relative power of alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 of brain waves. Hemispheric asymmetries were also assessed. When VEP analysis was done there were no differences between tobacco exposed and the unexposed condition. Also, there was a frequency shift of about 0.75 Hz in the alpha-1 frequency toward the higher frequency