ABSTRACT
Background: loneliness is one of the most widespread complaints of elders that has serious consequences on their mental health, so present study is done in Sabzevar to examaine the effects of group reminiscence on loneliness in elders.
Materials and Methods: the present experimental study is examined 73 of male elders who visited sabzevar rehabilitation clinic of elders and retirement centers. These people was selected according to input criterions and devided to interval group [36 persons] and control group [37 persons] by random. To control the effect of pretest on post test results, every group was devided into two groups, one with pretest and the other without it. First of all, loneliness was held for interval groups [8 sessions, 1 session perweek for an hour], at the end loneliness was measured in all groups and data analyzed by spss 20. Loneliness was measured by standard lonliness questionnaire. Here the statistical testes was included analyzed of variance; ANOVA, analyzed of covariance; ANCOVA, Independent Samples Test, Paired Samples Test.
Results: the mean of loneliness after intervention in groups with pretest was: interval group: 10/15 +/- 1/63, control group: 13/84 +/- 3/30 Independent Samples Test shows meaningful difference. The mean of loneliness after intervention in groups without pretest was: interval group: 12 +/- 3/09, control group: 13/56 +/- 3/92 Independent Samples Test shows meaningful difference.
Conclusion: according to the present study 8 session of group reminiscence had posetive effects on reducing loneliness in.
ABSTRACT
Background: Many patients who are undergoing anesthesia and surgical have untreated stress and anxiety in day of surgery that will effect on the psychological and physiological levels. Reduction anxiety accepted as part of pre-operative nursing care. The present study investigated the effects of Guided Imagery on Anxiety level of the patients undergoing appendectomy.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing appendectomy, admitted Beheshti hospital, Sabzevar in 2013, were randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups. Intervention was performed in 18 minutes Audio CD Guided Imagery for an hour before the operation. Data were analyzed bySPSS software version 20, using Chi-square, paired t test and analysis of covariance. 95% confidence level was considered.
Results: The average of state and trait anxiety level in Guided Image regroup before of intervention were 51/90 +/- 7/88 and 42/76 +/- 8/34 respectively which decreased to 38/53 +/- 6/48 and 40/70 +/- 7/88 after intervention. On the other side the average of state and trait anxiety level incontrol group were 52/03 +/- 6/49 and 43/86 +/- 8/29 respectively that increased to 60 +/- 7/97 44/36 +/- 8/18 in the end of the study. Statistically, the paired t test showed significant difference between the levels of anxiety before and afterof study in two groups [p<0/001].
Conclusions: A Guided Imagery session pre-operative can reduce state and trait anxiety. Therefore using this method to reduce anxiety is recommended.
ABSTRACT
Background: To determine the familial aggregation, Coaggregation and within person association of myopia and four phenotypes of astigmatism by a conditional model in Tehran Eye Study
Materials and Methods: Myopia, Total, ATR, WTR and oblique astigmatism were studied through a population based, cross sectional study in 1326 siblings older than 5 years from 531 families with 2-4 siblings using stratified cluster random sampling from August to December 2002 in Tehran Eye Study
Results: Based on the conditional model and via Proc GENMOD SAS 9.1, the conditional odds ratios [95% confidence interval], that indicates conditional familial aggregation, for the total, WTR, ATR and oblique astigmatism and myopia were 1.16 [1.01-1.33], 1.59 [1.17-2.16], 1.77 [1.39-2.26], 2.12 [1.41-3.19] and 1.96 [1.72-2.24], respectively .On the other hand, conditional odds ratios that indicates within person association of two disease, for myopia and WTR, myopia and ATR, myopia and Oblique and at last myopia and total astigmatism were 5.74 [3.99-8.17], 3.41 [2.01-5.82], 4.6 [2.15-9.86] and 6.10 [4.76-7.82], respectively. Although no significant familial co-aggregation has been identified
Conclusion: Based on conditional model and after controlling for the confounders, this analysis yielded, a significant aggregation of four phenotypes of astigmatism and myopia, a large within person association and moderate but non-significant coaggregation of these disorders
ABSTRACT
The purpose was to determine the familial aggregation of the total, against-the-rule [ATR], with-the-rule [WTR], and oblique astigmatism by conditional and marginal models in the Tehran Eye Study. Total, ATR, WTR, and oblique astigmatism were studied in 3806 participants older than 5 years from August 2002 to December 2002 in the Tehran Eye Study. Astigmatism was defined as a cylinder worse than or equal to -0.5 D. WTR astigmatism was defined as 0 +/- 19[degree sign], ATR astigmatism was defined as 90 +/- 19[degree sign], and oblique when the axes were 20-70[degree sign] and 110-160[degree sign]. The familial aggregation was investigated with a conditional model [quadratic exponential] and marginal model [alternating logistic regression] after controlling for confounders. Using the conditional model, the conditional familial aggregation odds ratios [OR] [95% confidence interval] for the total, WTR, ATRs, and oblique astigmatism were 1.49 [1.43-1.72], 1.91 [1.65-2.20], 2.00 [1.70-2.30], and 1.86 [1.37-2.54], respectively. In the marginal model, the marginal OR of the parent-offspring and sib-sib in the total astigmatism were 1.35 [1.13-1.63] and 1.54 [1.13-2.11], respectively; WTR 1.53 [1.06-2.20] and 1.94 [1.21-3.13] and; ATR 2.13 [1.01-4.50] and 2.23 [1.52-3.30]. The model was statistically significant in sib-sib relationship only for oblique astigmatism with OR of 3.00 [1.25-7.20]. The results indicate familial aggregation of astigmatism in the population in Tehran adjusted for age, gender, cataract, duration of education, and body mass index, so that the addition of a new family member affected with astigmatism, as well as having a sibling or parents with astigmatism, significantly increases the odds of exposure to the disease for all four phenotypes. This aggregation can be due to genetic and/or environmental factors. Dividing astigmatism into three phenotypes increased the odds ratios
ABSTRACT
As prenatal screening for sexually transmitted infections and treatment of infected pregnant women is not routinely performed in Iran and prevalence of two sexually transmitted pathogens, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, in Sabzevar [east of Iran] is unknown, we decided to perform this prospective study. One hundred ninety-six urine specimens of pregnant women attending the specialized maternity hospital of the city were collected and tested by duplex PCR. A total of 31 specimens were positive [15.81%] [27 Chlamydia trachomatis isolates, 13.77%; and 2 Mycoplasma genitalium isolates, 1.02%]. Co-infection with both species was detected in 2 specimens [1.02%]. A significant correlation was found between preterm labor and infection [P-value < 0.05]. The present study shows high prevalence of Chlamydial infections in comparison with Mycoplasma genitalium in this region. Further studies with larger sample size and more focused on different groups at risk are needed for a movement towards prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections [STIs]
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Clinical teaching is a vital element in Nursing and Midwifery education, and one of the best sources of clinical teacher evaluation is the students' perceptions. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of an effective clinical teacher from the perspective of Nursing and Midwifery Students at Sabzevar University of medical Sciences
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Sabzevar University of medical Sciences in 2007-2008, and involved 120 participants who were recruited by convenient sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection, which contained questions on professional competency, communication with students, and personal characteristics. Items values ranged from zero to five. Frequency, mean and standard deviation, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis was done in SPSS 11.5
Results: Mean score of professional competency was 4 +/- 0.5; students' perceptions of professional competency became more positive as their education approached higher semesters [r=0.22, p=0.016]. Also, Mean score of professional competency was higher than the mean of communication with students [3.8 +/- 0.6], and personal characteristics [3.7 +/- 0.6]
Concluson: Students experiencing clinical training considered professional competency, knowledge, and the capability of transferring it to them as more important than their ability to communicate
ABSTRACT
In most cases, labour is accompanied with pain. Thus, decreasing labour pain is viewed as an important duty of midwives. In this regard, decreasing the duration of labour can be of value. Customarily midwives use drugs to shorten the duration of labour, but the effectiveness of some of the drugs has not been studied systematically. Among such widely used drugs are Atropine, Hyoscine and Promethazine. In this interventional research, the effects of these drugs on labour duration were studied. 160 multiparous women in active phase of labour were selected. 120 of the above women had been administered only one of the above-mentioned drugs and no drug had been administered to the remaining 40. According to the type of drug administered, the women formed three groups, with the women with no drugs administered making the fourth groups. The four groups did not have any statistically significant difference with regard to variables such as age, occupation, education, infant sex, gestational age, infant birth weight, parity, fetal head position, and cervical dilatation at the beginning of our observation. The main result was that, the mean rate of cervical effacement [P<0.05] and descent of fetal head was not significantly different in the 4 groups. But the mean rate of cervical dilatation [P<0.05] was significantly different in four groups. In women who had been given these drugs, the mean rate of cervical dilatation was lower than the women who had not been given any drugs. The mean duration of the first stage of labour was significantly different in four groups [P<0.05]. With regard to the mean duration of the first stage of labour, it was also longer in women who had been given these drugs. The mean rate of second stage of labour and third stage of labour was not significantly different in 4 groups. The use of these drugs can reduce the rate of labour progress and increase the risk of complications, it may also be a waste of prescribed drugs