Effect of glimepiride on the aorta of adult albino rats after induction of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive disease that is associated with long-term complications such as diabetic angiopathy. Glimepiride is a third-generation sulfonyleurea that has an extrapancreatic effect on glucose metabolism besides its hypoglycemic action. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of glimepiride on the aorta of the adult albino rat after induction of diabetes mellitus. Forty adult male albino rats were used. They were divided into two main groups: group I and group II. Group I was the control group and group II was the experimental group. Group II was further divided into group IIA, in which 10 rats received glimepiride orally for 8 successive weeks, group IIB, in which 10 rats were given streptozotocin by means of a single intraperitoneal injection, and group IIC, in which 10 rats were given streptozotocin by means of a single intraperitoneal injection and were then given glimepiride orally for 8 successive weeks. Thus, a total of four groups of rats were studied. Five rats were randomly selected and sacrificed after 4 weeks, and another five rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. The aorta was taken from each group and prepared for histological and electron microscopic examinations. The aortic tissue of the diabetic rats in group IIB showed apparent intimal thickening and accumulation of fatty cells within the subendothelial region with disturbance in the connective tissue distribution in the intima and the media. Electron microscopic study revealed atrophic endothelial cells in the intima. The internal elastic lamina was interrupted and the smooth muscle cells showed intracytoplasmic fat droplets. In group IIC, the aorta showed mild thickening and minimal fatty deposition in the subendothelial region. Electron microscopy revealed that the intima and the internal elastic lamina were nearly intact as in the control group. It could be concluded that glimepiride could alleviate the progression of aortic affection produced in case of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus

Female breast cancer: epidemiological and clinical study of some risk factors among Egyptian females- multi clinics study

This study was conducted on 390 female breast cancer patients and an equal number of females as controls. The patients were attending some University and Teaching Hospitals in Cairo and Assuit. Ninety of them were newly operated. A retrospective, case-control, clinic based study was chosen to carry out this research. The aim of the study was to describe the sociodemographic, characteristics and clinical features of female breast cancer and to determine its risk factors among Egyptian women. All the patients and the controls had undergone physical examinations. Laboratory investigations were done for the newly operated patients and their controls. The most important characteristics of breast cancer patients were breast mass as the main presenting symptom [92.1%] and treated by modified radical mastectomy [77.2%]. Low means level of serum vitamin D and high levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride were found more among the patients. Age at first full term pregnancy >/= 30 years, age at menopause >/= 45 years, pregnancy termination and/or abortion and never married were important gynaecological and reproductive risk factors [OR=4.44, 3.14, 2.84 and 2.67, respectively]. Also, exposure to radiation and/or environmental factors, history of benign breast disease and alcohol use were important associated risk factors [OR=5.05, 4.63 and 4.10, respectively]. Moreover, the sister as the nearest female relative with breast cancer, total number of female relatives with breast cancer >/= 2 and relative[s] age at diagnosis <50 years were important family history risk factors [OR=9.19, 8.84 and 7.91, respectively]. Lastly, high consumption of canned foods, fat rich foods and low consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables were important dietary risk factors [OR=3.39, 1.76 and 1.51, respectively]

Ten years experience in colorectal carcinoma [study of 180 cases]

In this study a retro-spective analysis was performed on 180 patients with colorectal carcinoma in clinical oncology and nuclear medicine department Mansoura university hospital during the period between 1980-1990 inclusive. The relative frequency incidence of colorectal carcinomas in relation to GIT malignant tumors was 50.54% and to all malignant tumors was 3.6%. Males were almost a double fold affected more than females with peakage incidence between 40-50 years. Bowel habit disturbances were the commonest symptoms at the time of diagnosis and found in 62.22%. Radical surgery was done in 100 patients [55.56%] out of 180 patients and most of them were Dukes' C [56 patients]. Adenocarcinomas were the most histopathological type of colorectal carcinoma and constituted [52.22%]. Liver was the most commonest site of metastases and present in 47/48 patient [97.915%] of metastastic colorectal carcinomas at the time of diagnosis. The failure rate was much higher with Dukes' C patients [76.79%] than with Dukes' B patients [22.50%] as well as with radical surgery plus chemotherapy [79.61%] than with radical surgery plus radiotherapy [33.33%]. Three years survival rate was 52.50% and 35.71% for Duckes' B and C lesion respectively. Three years survival rate is much improved with radical surgery plus radiotherapy [50.00%] than with radical surgery plus chemotherapy [29.17%]. Toxicity to chemotherapy was mild and was mainly on haemopiotic system and toxicity to radiotherapy was also mild and was mainly radiation dermatitis and dysuria. It seems from this analysis that radiotherapy is essential following surgery to decrease the incidence of local failure and so selection of patients is important to determine the effectiveness of treatment i.e. Dukes'A and early cases of Dukes' B are unsuitable for adjuvant treatment while late Dukes' B cases and Dukes' C cases are at high risk of recurrence and will be benefit with adjuvant treatment

Long term survival in breast carcinoma

One hundred and six previously treated patients, with breast carcinoma were studied from 1136 breast carcinoma cases attended the clinical oncology and nuclear medicine department, Mansoura university in the period from January 1991 till December 1995 inclusive. These 106 cases were followed up till december 2000. The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of different treatment modalities and assessment of different prognostic factors on recurrence rate [R.R] and recurrence free survival rate [R.F.S]. In both stages II and III, R.R was less and R.F.S was mere in the group received adjuvant chemotherapy or tamoxifen in comparison to the group did not receive adjuvant systemic treatment. Recurrence rate was less and recurrence free survival was more in the group with negative lymph nodes compared to the group with positive lymph nodes. The same results was found in evaluation the value of tamoxifen. Recurrence rate was found less in patients with grade I tumour in comparison with group with grade II or III. Also R.R. was less and R.F.S was more in cases with less number of positive lymph nodes

Effect of parathyroidectomy on primary hyper parathyroidism

Eight patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were surgically treated during the period from 1990-1992 inclusive in Endocrine surgery Unit of Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt In all patients, the clinical diagnosis was confirmed biochemically. Different method of investigations were performed and this included skeletal survey, ultrasonography and neck scanning patients were classified into two groups. Group I: Included six patients, the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism was hyperplasia.Total parathyroidectomy and auto transplantation in the forearm muscles marked by silver clips was done in four patients, the remaining two patients were subjected to removal of three and half of parathyroids and the remaining half was left in situ. Group II : Included two patients the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism was adenoma and they were subjected to surgical removal of the adenoma with biopsy of the remaining parathyroids in one patient.In all patient [group I and II], There was marked clinical improvement and serum calcium and P. T.H. returned to near normal levels postoperatively while hypocalcaemia was detected in one patient with resected adenoma to whom biopsy of the remaining parathyroids was done

Value of kiel compensating system in the mantle field treatment of malignant lymphomas

We have presented a method which enables the radiotherapist to achieve homogenization of dosage in relation to an arbitrary reference plane in the body of the patient, within a mantle field. The irregularly shaped body surface of the patient and tissue inhomogenecities are taken into account by this method. In addition, the required compensator can be conceived by the broad beam will receive a dosage different from that applied to the rest of the field Beside irradiation of a patient with Hodgkin's disease, the technique described her is suitable for treatment of tumors in the region of the head and neck, and for the breast cancer serving treatment. Another advantages of the KIEL compensating system is compensation of distortion of dose distribution caused by surface irregularities and inhomogenecitis, by means of C.T. monitored compensation, and Iimitaion of the whole treatment volume using individually shaped divergent field shields. Further more, its safe practicable adjustment with defined positioning and few tatlooable adjustment points without making field limits render it very practical. Moreover we have developed new and unique method for quality asserance with measurements only behind the patients, no measurements on the patients'surface as well as within the patients

Review of treatment 98 cancer larynx patients

This study included retrospective analysis for 169 patients of laryngeal carcinoma presented to Kasr EI- Eini Center of Radiation oncology and nuclear Medicine at the period 1985-1989 inclusive. Cancer larynx represented 16.25% of all head and neck tumours and 2.04% of all malignancy at the same period. The aim of this work is to study the response to different treatment modalities and to study recurrence rate, disease free interval and survival period for the patients. Only 98 patients attended for regular follow-up for a period of 18 month. 45 patients received radiation therapy only, 38 patients were treated by surgery plus radiation therapy, 9 patients underwent total laryngectomy, 4 patients were treated by radiation therapy plus chemotherapy and 2 patients were treated by radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy. Of this group of patients [40.8%] had no evidence of disease recurrence through that period. Recurrence was observed more in cases treated by radiotherapy only [15%] than those treated by surgery and radiotherapy [7%]. Radiotherapy in combination with surgery or alone in dose higher than 50 Gy had better results specially in treatment of locally advanced lesions [T3 - T4] In conclusion, combined treatment modalities in cancer larynx have direct effect on response to treatment, disease free interval and total survival duration. Tumour size, lymph node status have inverse effect on treatment response, disease free interval and total survival also. Regular follow-up and endoscopic examination is advised for proper assessment and early detection of local recurrence