[Dietary food intake of pregnant women based on food guide pyramid and its related factors]

Women's nutrition during their pregnancy is considered as the key factor in mother and fetus health. Adequate nutrients of different types are required to meet the increased demands of mother and the developing fetus. This study aims to determine the nutritional status of pregnant women considering different food groups and its related factors. In this cross sectional study 1036 pregnant woman were selected from health centers of urban areas in Qom by quota sampling. Personal interviews using the questionnaire method, 24h dietary recall were used to elicit data. Efficiency of food groups was Calculated by [[reported dietary intake - Predicted dietary requirement]/100]. Food consumption was compared with food guide pyramid. Consumption of bread and cereal [%65.3], meat, egg, nuts and legume [%45.7], milk and milk products [%57.4] was lower than recommended values. Fruits and vegetables were consumed more than daily requirements for pregnant women [%65.8]. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was higher in the second trimester of pregnancy [p=0.01]. Significant association was found between consumption of meat, legume, milk, milk products, fruits and vegetables and mothers occupation and their educational level [p<0.05]. Nutritional education and support for pregnant women especially, low income and employed groups are recommended

[Calorie intake of pregnant women and related factors in health centers of Urban areas Qom, 2007]

Pregnancy is a critical period during which good maternal nutrition plays a key role influencing the health of both mother and child. The present study aimed at determining the intakes of energy and related factors in pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study 1036 pregnant women were selected from health centers of urban areas in Qom. Personal interviews using the questionnaire of 24 -hour dietary recall were carried out to elicit information. Calorie intake efficacy was calculated based on nutrient substance intake. The data analysis was performed by SPSS software program. X2 test was used to determine the significance of differences [p<0/05]. Calorie intake of 50% of subjects was adequate. The majority of pregnant women who had reported higher intake of energy were illiterate [%56.4] and house holders [%51/1] and in the third trimester [%58.8] There was a significant difference between calorie intake, occupation, level of education and stage of pregnancy. The mean of energy from oil and fat was higher than that of other food groups. The findings of the present study suggest that the nutritional education is a component of programs targeted at working women and low income families

Nursing students' experiences of the modified problem based learning [MPBL] and small group work: a qualitative study

Background and Purpose: Despite the known effect of problem-based learning, there are still many challenges against its being replaced with the conventional methods. This research was conducted to find out the students' experiences of the modified problem-based learning [MPBL] combined with working in small groups

Methods and Materials: In this qualitative study, 35 nursing students participated. The course of Pediatric Nursing was instructed to the students by the modified problem-based learning method and working in small groups. There were 35 semi structured and 6 group-oriented interviews, which were analyzed by content analysis method

Results: Findings demonstrated that MPBL was associated with experiences of thinking, research, self-regulation, motivation and barriers. Barriers were its being time-consuming, difference of attitudes among group members and their resistance against change

Conclusion: Based on the results, MPBL is effective in reinforcing the learning mechanisms

[Case report of a rare ovarian lymphoma in a 39 years old woman with rupture of small intestine]

Ovarian cancer is one of the common gynecological cancers. Meanwhile it is the most lethal cancer and cause of more than 50 percent mortality among gynecological cancers. In early stages, this cancer is usually asymptomatic or symptoms may be equivocal so neither patient nor physician can diagnose it. In this study we report an ovarian lymphoma with acute abdominal presentation in 39 years old woman. A 39 years woman was admitted to Nekooei hospital in Qom because of abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis. At the time of admission pain pattern was colicky but it became constant in accompany to nausea and mild fever. In the early physical examination she showed generalized tenderness in abdomen without rebound and guarding. After several hours, abdominal signs got worse. Vital signs showed no significant abnormality. Ultrasonography was ordered for further evaluation. Finally patient was made ready for operation with primary diagnosis of ruptured ovarian cyst. Surgery team found out during operation rupture of small intestine due to tumoral growth in the bowel

Comparison of protein value of commercial baby food with homemade baby food and casein standard in rats as the refference point

Evaluation of protein quality in food is of great importance due to the biological and economical impacts of food proteins. This study has been conducted with the aim of comparing the protein quality of homemade food [mixture of macaroni and soy bean] with commercial baby food [Cerelac Wheat] using Casein as the refference point. This study was conducted on 64 twenty one day old male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 8 groups, and each group was put on a different diet regiments. The diet regiments were as follow: 2 homemade food+Cerelac test diet, 1 Ccasein+Methionine standard diet, 1 protien-free basal diet, 2 test diet, 1 standard diet and 1 basal diet. The purpose of protien-free diet was to evaluate True Protien Digestability [TPD]. Net Protein Ratio [NPR] and Protien Efficiency Ratios [PER] were investigated by the basal diet. Protein intake and increasing of weight were determined for NPR and PER calculating. Nitrogen intake and fecal Nitrogen were determined to calculate TPD. Comparison of TPD, NPR and PER among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey methods. TPD values of Standard, Cerelac and homemade food diets were 92.8 +/- 4, 87'8 and 85.4 +/- 3.2; NPR values were 4.3 +/- 0.4, 4.3 +/- 0.9, 3.8 +/- 0.6; and PER values were 3 +/- 0.2, 2.5 +/- 0.4, 1.7 +/- 0.1 respectively. The statistical difference between TPD and PER values were significant [p < 0.05], whereas NPR differences were insignificant [p > 0.05]. These results shows that TPD and PER of homemade foods are lower than Cerelac while their NPR are acceptable

[Assessment of the knowledge and attitude of the pregnant women who referred to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2005 toward Islams hygienic instructions during their pregnancy and breast feeding periods]

Pregnancy and infancy are as diving profits, which are of the most enjoyable times of women. Islams living doctrine recommends some advises for pregnant women to have healthy generation with good physical, mental and social dimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the pregnant women who referred to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2005 toward Islam's hygienic instructions during their pregnancy and breast feeding period. In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 300 pregnant women were selected from parental care unite using multistage sampling. The data was gathered through self-reporting questionnaire which contained some questions about the individuals characteristics, attitude and awareness. Subsequently, using chi2, Pearson correlation and Spearman tests, data were analyzed. The percentage of the knowledge about the Islams healthy instructions during pregnancy was graded: good 20.6%, average 64.7% and poor 14.7%. During breast-feeding, the knowledge was 6.3% good, 77% average and 16.7% poor. There was a positive relationship between the women's level of education and their knowledge about Islamic trainings. The attitude of the women about the instructions during their pregnancy was positive in 68.3% and negative in 31.7% of them. This attitude during breast feeding was positive in 64% and negative in 36% of the women studied. There was relationship between the knowledge toward the instructions and the level of education during pregnancy and also between this knowledge and the number of pregnancy and the level of education [p<0.01]. In addition to moderate knowledge and positive attitude of most of samples and undeniable religious force, on promoting health, recommended that health managers programmed to pregnant women care based on Islamic recommendations and health care workers have more attention in their education training