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1.
Scientific reports ; 11(1224)2021.
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1148480

ABSTRACT

After nearly a century of vaccination and six decades of drug therapy, tuberculosis (TB) kills more people annually than any other infectious disease. Substantial challenges to disease eradication remain among vulnerable and underserved populations. The Guarani-Kaiowá people are an indigenous population in Paraguay and the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. This community, marginalized in Brazilian society, experiences severe poverty. Like other South American indigenous populations, their TB prevalence is high, but the disease has remained largely unstudied in their communities. Herein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from local clinics were whole genome sequenced, and a population genetic framework was generated. Phylogenetics show M. tuberculosis isolates in the Guarani-Kaiowá people cluster away from selected reference strains, suggesting divergence. Most cluster in a single group, further characterized as M. tuberculosis sublineage 4.3.3. Closer analysis of SNPs showed numerous variants across the genome, including in drug resistance-associated genes, and with many unique changes fixed in each group. We report that local M. tuberculosis strains have acquired unique polymorphisms in the Guarani-Kaiowá people, and drug resistance characterization is urgently needed to inform public health to ensure proper care and avoid further evolution and spread of drug-resistant TB


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Phylogeny , Brazil , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Population Groups , Genotype
2.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2010 June; 47(3): 161-165
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135261

ABSTRACT

The plant Aloe vera has long been used in medicine, as dietary supplements and for cosmetic purposes. Aloe vera extracts are a rich source of polyphenols, such as aloin and aloe emodin and have shown a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The bioactive component aloe emodin has been reported to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Many of the biological activities of Aloe vera have been attributed to its antioxidant properties. However, most plant-derived polyphenols that are also present in Aloe vera may exhibit pro-oxidant properties either alone or in the presence of transition metals, such as copper. Previous reports from this laboratory have implicated the pro-oxidant action as one of the mechanisms for their anti-cancer properties. In the present paper, we show that aqueous extract of Aloe vera is also able to cause DNA degradation in the presence of copper ions. Further, the extract is also able to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) and generate reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner, which correlates with ability of the extract to cause DNA breakage. Thus, the study shows that in addition to antioxidant activity, Aloe vera extract also possess pro-oxidant properties, leading to oxidative DNA breakage.


Subject(s)
Aloe/chemistry , Animals , Cattle , Copper/pharmacology , DNA Breaks , DNA Fragmentation/drug effects , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Oxidants/pharmacology , Phenols/pharmacology , Plasmids/drug effects , Plasmids/metabolism , Polyphenols
3.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2008; 29 (8): 1109-1114
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-94303

ABSTRACT

To identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa [P. aeruginosa] from the skin biopsy specimens in burn wound infections by multiplex polymerase chain reaction [M-PCR] and detection of antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from culture. We conducted this cross-sectional study in 140 patients with wound infections who admitted to the referral burn center of Motahari, Tehran, Iran, during a 12-month period from 2005-2006. Skin biopsy specimens were aseptically taken from each patient, one for PCR and one for bacterial culture. A M-PCR test based on the simultaneous amplification of 2 lipoprotein genes: oprI and oprL, was used to directly detect fluorescent pseudomonades and P. aeruginosa in skin biopsy specimens. The susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates to 16 antibiotics was determined using the disc diffusion method. Out of 140 biopsy specimens, M-PCR detected 66 [47.2%] isolates, while culture detected 57 [40.7%] isolates as P. aeruginosa. Positive results for both genes which observed only for P. aeruginosa, while only one gene, oprI, was amplified from other fluorescent pseudomonades n=12 and all other bacterial tested n=62 were negative by the amplification test. The most effective antibiotics against isolate of P. aeruginosa were cefepime [79%], azetreonam [76%], ticarcillin-clavulanic acid [68%], tobramycin [62%], and amikacin [61%]. Multiplex PCR assay appears promising for the rapid and sensitive detection of P. aeruginosa from the burned skin biopsy specimens. Simultaneous amplification of 2 lipoprotein genes: oprI and oprL, could detect P. aeruginosa, and oprI gene only for other fluorescent pseudomonades


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Wound Infection/microbiology , Skin/microbiology , Gene Amplification , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Cross-Sectional Studies , Burns/microbiology , Biopsy , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology
4.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 28(2): 154-158, 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-422037

ABSTRACT

La cátedra de Medicina Tropical, viene evaluando desde 1997 la manera de impartir la docencia y este estudio se efectúa con el propósito de concluir una serie de cinco artículos diseñados para cumplir con esa finalidad. Se presenta la opinión de 115 estudiantes del curso regular de Medicina Tropical del año académico 2002-2003 sobre la percepción de la docencia. El 94 por ciento se pronunció por la vigencia de la asignatura en el pensum de la carrera, 89 por ciento definió adecuadamente lo que significa "Medicina Tropical" y 77 por ciento que su enseñanza debe seguir centrándose en la interacción estudiante/paciente/profesor. Igualmente el 77 por ciento puntualizó, que percibe las modificaciones que se están llevando a cabo en la docencia de la cátedra. Se analiza la información obtenida y se evalúa la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la actualización de la docencia de la cátedra, la cual próxima a cumplir 80 años, se ha mantenido vigente por su capacidad de adaptarse a las necesidades del devenir histórico de la enseñanza


Subject(s)
Schools, Medical , Curriculum , Students, Medical , Tropical Medicine , Medicine , Venezuela
5.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 27(2): 97-101, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-421207

ABSTRACT

La cátedra de Medicina Tropical, viene evaluando desde 1997 la manera de impartir la docencia y este estudio se efectúa con el propósito de concluir una serie de cinco artículos diseñados para cumplir con esa finalidad. Se presenta la opción de 115 estudiantes del curso regular de Medicina Tropical del año académico 2002-2003 sobre la precepción de la docencia. El 94 por ciento se pronunció por la vigencia de la asignatura en el pensum de la carrera, 89 por ciento definió adecuadamente lo que significa "Medicina Tropical" y 77 por ciento que su enseñanza debe seguir centrándose en la interacción estudiante/paciente/profesor. Igualmente el 77 por ciento puntualizó, que percibe las modificaciones que se están llevando a cabo en la docencia de la cátedra. Se analiza la información obtenida y se evalúa la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la actualización de la docencia de la cátedra, la cual próxima a cumplir 80 años, se ha mantenido vigente en la capacidad de adaptarse a las necesidades del devenir histórico de la enseñanza


Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Graduate , Tropical Medicine , Medicine , Venezuela
6.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 27(2): 102-105, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-421208

ABSTRACT

Durante la conmemoración del 76 aniversario de la fundación de la Cátedra de Medicina Tropical de la Universidad Central de Venezuela se planificó y efectuó el Simposio: Resurgimiento de las Enfermedades Tropicales en Venezuela, considerando exitoso por sus asistentes, organizadores y participantes, que motivó la elaboración de éste artículo, el cual tiene como propósito: describir, evaluar y narrar el procedimiento metodológoco empleado para su realización. Se nombró un Comité Organizador, la elaboración de un programa viable, la invitación de profesionales especialiastas en los temas seleccionados, el ofrecimiento del simposio a los posibles patrocinantes y la contratación de una compañia experta en eventos de esta naturaleza, con siete (7) meses de antelación. Se pregunto sobre la manera de como se enteraron del simposio y sobre preferencias temáticas para las próximas jornada. Asistieron 301 personas: 42 por ciento estudiantes de medicina, 22 por ciento médicos y 21 por ciento bioanalistas. El financiamiento lo aportaron cinco (5) laboratorios de la industria farmacéutica (75 por ciento), la inscripción de los asistentes, la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central y la Dirección de extensión de la misma Universidad. El 90 por ciento de los que respondieron señaló que se enteraron del simposio, mediante un afiche publicitario, y tuberculosis, dengue y toxoplasmosis fueron los temas preferidos para el futuro. La participación de estudiantes universitarios, médicos y bioanalistas sugiere hacia quienes debe dirigirse la publicidad en futuras jornadas. El financiamiento de la industria farmacéutica es fundamental en actividades de esta naturaleza, ya que sin su concurso es más difícil, aunque no imposible su realización


Subject(s)
Congress , Medicine , Tropical Medicine , Venezuela
7.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 97(1/3): 31-41, ene.-mar. 1989.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-79058

ABSTRACT

Los autores presentan un trabajo sobre la Larva Migratoria viceral en Venezuela, especialmente en el valle de Caracas, sede de la capital de la Republica. Se trata de una helmintiasis accidental del hombre producida por el ascaridio del perro Toxocara canis, menos frecuente por el del gato Toxocara cati. Se describe el área de estudio, la metodología de la investigación, los patrones empleados para la sospecha clínica y la reacción de inmunoensayo enzimático (Elisa) con antígeno obtenido de larvas del tercer estadio de Toxocara canis. la población estimada del área metropolitana es de 3.575.989 habitantes y 286.079 perros (8% de la población humana) de los cuales 14.304 son perros callejeros (sin dueños). Existe una importante población marginal agrupada en barrios que vive en precarias condiciones socio-económicas y sanitarias. es muy frecuente la Toxocariasis canina en el Valle de Caracas y una muestra de suelos de cada tres examinadas se encontraron contaminadas con los huevos del ascaridio. La dinámica de transmisión es similar a la del Ascaris lumbricoides y se encuentra íntimamente asociada a la relación ecológica suelo contaminado-perro-hombre. El ciclo evolutivo del Toxocara canis en el hombre difiere del correspondiente al Ascaris lumbricoides en que las larvas en tercer estadio realizan un recorrido por todos los órganos, especial hígado, pulmón, ojo y cerebro, sin llegar a la luz intestinal, ni alcanzar el desarrollo de vermes adultos y por lo tanto no hay los huevos del parásito en las heces por lo cual el diagnóstico de la helmintiasis en el hombre se lleva a efecto por procedimientos..


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use , Helminthiasis/parasitology , Larva Migrans, Visceral/parasitology , Immunoenzyme Techniques/instrumentation , Thiabendazole/therapeutic use , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
11.
IMJ-Iraqi Medical Journal. 1982; 29-30: 102-114
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-1966

ABSTRACT

A total of 264 children, aged less than 15 years were allocated according to their diagnostic conditions to one of seven regimens. Hundred and thirty five pulmonary and twenty five extra - pulmonary tuberculosis were allocated to five regimens, each containing the available antituberculosus drug. Bacteriological conversion, radiological changes and adverse reaction were compared. There was no relapse rates between 6 and 24 months of follow up after termination of treatment. Sixty five children were taking chemoprophylaxis of Isoniazid and thirty nine children with previous BCG vaccination were under observation. It is concluded that all the regimens are effective in treatment of tuberculosis, but, the priority to those with rifampicin because they are easy to administer and well accepted. BCG vaccination and chemoprophylaxis are protective against tuberculosis. There are a lot of reports in the world about the role of drug-therapy against tuberculosis in children. The informations about the effect of chemotherapy in Iraqi's children are still few, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs and their acceptability by Iraqi tuberculous children

13.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1977 Mar; 8(1): 93-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-34617

ABSTRACT

A clinical trial with retinoic acid (Airol) cream 0.05% applied topically was carried out on 50 patients suffering from tinea versicolor allocated to a random procedure. The results, judged in terms of cure rate, incidence of relapse and tolerance were very satisfactory. As regards the above mentioned criteria for a successful treatment, there was no significant difference between the lotion and cream groups. Repigmentation of the affected skin after retinoic acid occurred in a relatively shorter period compared with other anti-fungal preparations, especially when simultaneously exposed to sunlight. The therapeutic action on dermatophytes was discussed. It was pointed out that patients suffering from tinea versicolor are predisposed to dermatophyte infections and that cleanliness of the skin is a simple but essential way of preventing contamination with Malassezia furfur.


Subject(s)
Administration, Topical , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tinea Versicolor/drug therapy , Tretinoin/administration & dosage , Vitamin A/analogs & derivatives
14.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 1976 Sep; 13(3): 307-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-27508
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