Plurihormonal PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a clinicopathological study / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of plurihormonal PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Methods: Forty-eight plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumors were collected between January 2018 and April 2022 from the pathological database of Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University. The related clinical and imaging data were retrieved. H&E, immunohistochemical and special stains were performed. Results: Out of the 48 plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumors included, 13 cases were mature PIT1-lineage tumors and 35 cases were immature PIT1-lineage tumors. There were some obvious clinicopathological differences between the two groups. Clinically, the mature plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumor mostly had endocrine symptoms due to increased hormone production, while a small number of immature PIT1-lineage tumors had endocrine symptoms accompanied by low-level increased serum pituitary hormone; patients with the immature PIT1-lineage tumors were younger than the mature PIT1-lineage tumors; the immature PIT1-lineage tumors were larger in size and more likely invasive in imaging. Histopathologically, the mature PIT1-lineage tumors were composed of large eosinophilic cells with high proportion of growth hormone expression, while the immature PIT1-lineage tumors consisted of chromophobe cells with a relatively higher expression of prolactin; the mature PIT1-lineage tumors had consistently diffuse cytoplasmic positive staining for keratin, while the immature PIT1-lineage tumors had various expression for keratin; the immature PIT1-lineage tumors showed more mitotic figures and higher Ki-67 proliferation index; in addition, 25.0% (12/48) of PIT1-positive plurihormonal tumors showed abnormal positive staining for gonadotropin hormones. There was no significant difference in the progression-free survival between the two groups (P=0.648) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Conclusions: Plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumor belongs to a rare type of PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, most of which are of immature lineage. Clinically increased symptoms owing to pituitary hormone secretion, histopathologically increased number of eosinophilic tumor cells with high proportion of growth hormone expression, diffusely cytoplasmic keratin staining and low proliferative activity can help differentiate the mature plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumors from the immature PIT1-lineage tumors. The immature PIT1-lineage tumors have more complicated clinicopathological characteristics.

Effect of Yiqi Jianpi Huayu Recipe Combined with 5-FU on Growth and Immune Function of Subcutaneous Transplanted Tumor in MFC Bearing Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss the effect of Yiqi Jianpi Huayu recipe (YQJPHY) combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on the growth and immune function of subcutaneous transplanted tumor in MFC tumor bearing 615 mice. Method:Twenty-four mice were inoculated subcutaneously to establish the transplanted tumor model of gastric cancer in mice, and then randomly divided into model control group, YQJPHY (20 g·kg-1)group, 5-FU (25 mg·kg-1) group and (YQJPHY+5-FU) combined group, with 6 rats in each group. After the last administration, the transplanted tumor, spleen and thymus were stripped completely. The tumor inhibition rate, thymus and spleen index were calculated. Flow cytometry was used to determine the content of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and its subtype polykaryotype cells (PMN-MDSC), single karyotype cells (M-MDSC) in both peripheral blood and tumor tissue, and macrophages and their M1 type, M2 type, T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, and natural killer cells (NK cells) in peripheral blood. Expressions of arginase-1(Arg-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS) gene in tumor tissues were detected by Real-time PCR. Result:Compared with model control group, the weight of mice in YQJPHY group increased, whereas the weight of tumor, the weight of tumor, the index of thymus and spleen decreased in 5-FU group(PPPPPPPP+,CD4+,CD8+ T cell group decreased(PPPPPPConclusion:YQJPHY can better inhibit the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumor when combined with 5-FU, and improve immune status after chemotherapy. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of MDSCs content and the increase of T cell and macrophages content.

Effect of Yiqi Yangyin Zhuyu Recipe in Anti-inflammation Activities in Vitro on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yiqi Yangyin Zhuyu recipe on expressions of inflammatory factor and transformation of classically activated macrophages(M1)/alternatively activated macrophages (M2) inflammatory phenotype in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Method: Methyl-thiazdyl-tetrazolium(MTT) reduction assay was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of Yiqi Yangyin Zhuyu recipe on the proliferation of the cells. The release of nitric oxide was detected by the Griess method. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the release of M1/M2 inflammatory cytokines in cell supernatant. The expressions of the pro-inflammatory factor genes of M1-macrophages and the anti-inflammatory factor genes of M2-macrophages were detected by Real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1,nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) were detected by Western blot. Result: Results of MTT showed that Yiqi Yangyin Zhuyu recipe with the concentration of 2.0 g·L-1 and below had no effect on the cell proliferation. Results of Griess indicated that compared with blank group, the release of nitric oxide of LPS-induced group was increased (PPPPPPPα,IL-6,IL-1β,iNOS were up-regulated (Pα,IL-6,IL-1β,iNOS were down-regulated in Yiqi Yangyin Zhuyu recipe group, especially at the concentration at 2.0 g·L-1 (PConclusion: Yiqi Yangyin Zhuyu recipe could effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of Yiqi Yangyin Zhuyu recipe may be related to inhibition of macrophages to M1 phenotype polarization, so as to play the role of regulating immune and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines, like NO,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β.

HPLC specific chromatogram spectrum-effect relationship for Shuanghuanglian on MDCK cell injury induced by influenza A virus (H1N1) / 中国中药杂志

To establish HPLC specific chromatogram and its correlation with the protection effect of Shuanghuanglian on MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cell injury induced by influenza A virus( H1N1). Nine recipes of Shuanghuanglian based on the official prescription were prepared according to orthogonal test for HPLC analysis and MDCK cells protection experiment separately (cytopathic effect (CPE) method was used for observing the virus infectivity and MTT staining results were used as the determining indexes for drug concentration selection and analyzing cell viability). The results suggested that all the other Shuang-Huang-Lian recipes except recipe1 demonstrate protecting effect on MDCK cell injury induced by influenza A virus (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis was used for analyzing the relationships between HPLC fingerprint and the protecting effect of Shuanghuanglian on influenza A virus induced MDCK cell injury. Peak 2, 3, 6, 8 and 12 were found to be strongly related with anti-influenza A virus efficacy. Stepwise regression analysis of recipes data and efficacy data showed that Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus were positively associated with the protecting effect of cells injury. From HPLC fingerprints, we found that peak 2, 3, 12 were from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and peak 6, 8 were from Forsythiae Fructus. Four peaks were identified through comparing the retention time between the standard and Shuanghuanglian recipes, and they were chlorogenicacid, cryptochlorogenic acid, forsythoside B and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid respectively. Caffeic acid derivatives in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus were found to be greatly correlated with anti-influenza A virus efficacy and maybe the substance basis of Shuanghuanglian.

Effects of guanxinping tablet containing serum on H2O2-induced apoptosis and NF-kappaB expressions in vascular endothelial cells / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Guanxinping Tablet (GT) containing serum on H2O2-induced apoptosis and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) expression in vascular endothelial cells (VECs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rabbits were randomly divided into the normal control group (treated with normal saline, 10 mL/kg), the verapamil group (0. 02 g/kg, 10 mL/kg), the small dose GT group (2; 8 g/kg, 10 mL/kg), the middle dose GT group (5.6 g/kg, 10 mL/kg), and the large dose GT group (11.2 g/kg, 10 mL/kg), 3 in each group. The medication was given to rabbits by gastrogavage for 3 successive days. The gastrogavage was performed twice on the last day with an interval of 2 h. One h after the last medication the peripheral blood was sampled from the vein of the ear edge. The blood was put for 1 h and centrifuged at 2 500 r/min for 30 min. The serum was extracted and deactivated at 56 degrees C for 30 min to prepare the drug containing serum. The apoptosis injury model was established using 100 micromol/L H2O2 induced VECs in the log phase growth. After modeling they were divided into 6 groups, 5 samples in each group, i. e., the normal group (10% vehicle serum culture solution), the model group (10% vehicle serum culture solution +100 micromol/L H2O2), the verapamil group (10% verapamil serum culture solution +100 micromol/L H2O2), the low dose GT group (10% low dose GT culture solution +100 micromol/L H2O2), the middle dose GT group (10% middle dose GT culture solution + 100 micromol/L H2O2), and the high dose GT group (10% high dose GT culture solution + 100 micromol/L H2O2). THE VEC apoptotic rate was detected using flow cytometry. The protein expression of NF-kappaB was detected using Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The VEC apoptosis rate (9.00% +/- 1.18%) and the protein expression of NF-kappaB (0.39% +/- 0.06%) increased more in the model group than in the normal control group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the VEC apoptosis rate of the verapamil group (6.00% +/- 0.18%), the large dose GT group (5.30% +/- 0.08%), and the middle dose GT group (6.83% +/- 0.51%) were obviously lower. The expression of NF-kappaB of each treatment group significantly decreased (the verapamil group: 0.28% +/- 0.03%; the small dose GT group: 0.33% +/- 0.03%; the middle dose GT group: 0.30% +/- 0.03%; the large dose GT group: 0.28% +/- 0.04%, P<0.01, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GT could fight against H2O2-induced VEC cell apoptosis. Its mechanism might be correlated with regulating the expression of NF-kappaB protein.</p>