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There are many bidirectional communication and crosstalk between microbes and host plants. The plant-pathogen interaction directly affects the survival of host plants, while the interaction between plants and their probiotics benefits both. Plant miRNA responds quickly to pathogenic or beneficial microbes when they enter the plant tissues, while microbes also produce miRNA-like RNA (milRNA) to affect plant health. These means miRNA or milRNA is an important fast-responding molecular mediator in plant-microbe interactions, and these internal mechanisms have been better understood in recent years. This review summarized the regulatory roles of miRNA in plant-pathogens and plant-probiotics interaction. The regulatory role of miRNA in disease resistance of host plants during plant-pathogens interaction, and the regulatory role of miRNA in promoting host growth and development during plant-probiotics interaction, as well as the cross-kingdom regulatory role of milRNA in host plants, were discussed in-depth.
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Disease Resistance , MicroRNAs/genetics , Microbial Interactions , Plants/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective@#To summarize the clinical features of leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter disease (VWM) in children.@*Methods@#A retrospective cohort study was performed on 54 genetically diagnosed VWM patients in Peking University First Hospital from January 2007 to March 2019. Paper registration form and electronic medical record system were used to collect the data,and the children were divided into five groups according to the age of disease onset:<1 year, 1-<2 years, 2-<4 years, 4-<8 years and 8-<18 years respectively. The progression of motor function, episodic aggravation, epileptic seizures, survival time, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genotype features were analyzed and compared. Non-parametric test, χ2 test or Fisher′s exact test were used for comparison among groups; Kaplan-Meier survival curve was adopted to delineate the survival status of the children.@*Results@#Fifty-four VWM patients were included in the study, including 34 males and 20 females.The age of disease onset was 2 years and 8 months (ranged from 6 months to 9 years and 7 months). Onset age was less than 1 year in 5 cases; onset age was 1-<2 years in 12 cases; onset age was 2-<4 years in 25 cases; onset age was 4-<8 years, in 10 cases; onset age was 8-<18 years in 2 cases; 94% (51/54) of patients had complaint of motor regression at the first visit; 87% (47/54) of patients suffered from episodic aggravation. Episodic seizures occurred in 43% (23/54) patients. In survivors with disease durations of 1-3 years, in 38% (9/24) patients the disease was classified as grades Ⅳ-Ⅴ by gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). For the onset age 1-<2 years group, 1 patient was classified as GMFCS Ⅳ among 3 survivors with disease durations of 1-3 years. As for the 2-<4 years group, 6 patients were classified as GMFCS Ⅳ-Ⅴ among 15 patients with disease durations of 1-3 years, whereas 1 patient was classified as GMFCS Ⅳ-Ⅴ among 4 patients with disease durations of 1-3 years in the 4-<8 years group. Lesions, liquefaction and diffusion restriction in brain MRI were compared among different groups, and it was revealed that the earlier the age of disease onset was, the more likely the subcortical white matter (frontal lobe P<0.01,temporal and parieto-occipital lobe both P=0.002), internal capsule (anterior limb P<0.01, posterior limb P=0.00) and brain stem (midbrain P=0.001, pons P<0.01) were to be involved. In addition, internal capsule (anterior limb P=0.002, posterior limb P=0.005) and brain stem (midbrain P=0.001, pons P=0.003) showed more diffuse restricted diffusion. Moreover, the subcortical white matter (frontal and parieto-occipital lobe both P<0.01, temporal lobe P=0.005) showed earlier rarefaction. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of the overall patients were 81% and 75% respectively, while the 15-year survival rate was 45%. EIF2B5 gene variation was the most common, which accounts for 43% (23/54), followed by EIF2B3 (22%, 12/54).@*Conclusions@#The majority of VWM patients complained of motor regression at the first visit, episodic aggravation and epileptic seizures are common in the course. Earlier age at onset is associated with more rapid clinical progression, shorter survival time as well as more extensive lesions, liquefaction and diffusion restriction in brain MRI. The most common variant gene is EIF2B5, followed by EIF2B3.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effects and safety on female depression treated with the combined therapy of acupuncture and the five-element music therapy.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 female patients with depression were randomized into an electroacupuncture (EA) group, an acupuncture group, a five-element music therapy group and a group of the combined therapy of acupuncture and the five-element music therapy (combined therapy group), 30 cases in each one. In the EA group, the electric stimulation of acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taichong (LR 3), with disperse-dense wave, 10 Hz/50 Hz, and 0.5 ms in wavelength. The needles were retained for 30 min. In the acupuncture group, the acupoints were same as the EA group, but without electric stimulation. In the five-element music therapy group, the music of tune was adopted in the treatment. In the combined therapy group, the acupuncture treatment and the five-element music therapy were same as the acupuncture group and the five-element music therapy group, in which the music therapy was followed after acupuncture treatment. The treatment was given once a day, at 2 days of interval after every 5 treatments in a week, totally for 8 weeks. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) before and after treatment and the treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) after treatment were observed in each group. The clinical effects and safety were compared among the groups.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate was 86.7% (26/30) in the combined therapy group, better than 66.7% (20/30) in the EA group, 63.3% (19/30) in the acupuncture group and 53.3% (16/30) in the five-element music therapy group (<0.01, <0.05). After treatment, HAMD and HAMA scores were all reduced obviously in the patients of the 4 groups (all <0.01), and the scores in the combined therapy group were lower than the other 3 groups (all <0.01). The TESS score in the combined therapy group was lower than the other 3 groups (all <0.01) and the score in the five-element music therapy group was lower than the EA group and the acupuncture group (both <0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#In the female patients, the combined treatment with acupuncture and the five-element music therapy obviously reduces the severity of depression and anxiety, as well as the adverse reactions. The effects are better than the simple application of EA, acupuncture or music therapy.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Depression , Therapeutics , Electroacupuncture , Music TherapyABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the clinical value of sirolimus plus prednisone for the treatment of the refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma(RKHE) and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome(KMS).@*Method@#Clinical retrospective analysis was carried out for 10 patients recruited in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Paediatrics from January 2014 to January 2017 who were non responders to or relapsers after the treatment of propranolol, prednisone, pingyangmycin and lauromacrogol(5 cases RKHE, 5 cases RKHE plus KMS, age ranged from 6 days to 9 years); patients were treated with sirolimus at the dosage of 0.035 ml/(kg·d), once a day, for 6-410 days; the diagnosis of 10 patients were confirmed by pathological biopsy and immunohistochemical examination(IHC); the difference of the coagulation parameters and the platelet counts, the size of tumor and ecchymosis at different stages of treatment were recorded and measured by scale and ultrasonography; the side effects of sirolimus were recorded as well.@*Result@#Clinical characteristics of 10 cases (6 male and 4 female) RKHE with KMS were refractory dark red hard hemangioma or ecchymosis, the platelet counts were lower than 30.0×109/L, (15±7)×109/L, coagulation tests were obviously abnormal, fibrinogens were significantly decreased(0.8±0.5)g/L, the fibrin lysates and D-dimer were significantly increased(100±23)mg/L, (10 000±2 200)ng/L, the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged(25.0±2.1)s, (58.0±3.4)s. The pathologic characteristics of the tumors were similar: spindle tumor cells, mass distribution and deeply stained nuclei tumor cells. IHC revealed positive staining for D2-40, CD31 and CD34. Stainings for factor Ⅷ and GLUT-1 were negative. In five cases RKHE plus KMS were treated with sirolimus and prednisone, after (6.5±0.7) days treatment, the platelet counts were obviously increased(72.0±0.6)×109/L, coagulation parameters were obviously improved, fibrinogen significantly increased(1.5±0.2)g/L, the fibrinlysates and D-dimer significantly decreased(7±3)mg/L, (2 300±200)ng/L, the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged(15±2.3)s, (42±3.4) s, and the sizes of tumor and ecchymosis were slightly shrunken 18%±3%, 38%±5%; after (30±5.7) days treatment, the platelet counts and coagulation parameters returned to normal(146±36)×109/L, and the size of tumor and ecchymosis were obviously shrunken 73%±3%, 97%±3%; after (3±0.4) months treatment, the tumor was obviously shrunken by 93%±2% and no longer palpable. In five cases with RKHE without KMS manifested stubborn dark red hard hemangiomatous plaques, coagulation tests and platelet were obviously normal, these patients were treated with sirolimus, after (2.0±0.6) months treatment, the tumor became shrunken 8%±3%, with continuous treatment the tumor shrunk gradually, after (4.0±3.2)months(2-18 mouths) the tumor was not eliminated 51%±7%.@*Conclusion@#RKHE and KMS have typical clinical, laboratory and pathological characteristics, sirolimus plus prednisone have remarkable efficacy and minor side effects, it should be recommended for the treatment of KHE with KMS.
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With the purpose of providing more references of acupuncture for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), the research achievements and action mechanism of acupuncture for CAG during past 20 years are summarized and analyzed. It is found that acupuncture could improve immune function, adjust central neural pathways, regulate gastroi-ntestinal hormone, increase stomach blood flow, regulate cytokines, increase gastric dynamics, control the gastric acid secretion, improve inflammatory response and regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, which could strengthen gastric mucosa barrier. In addition, several problems and defects of related studies were pointed out, and reference and suggestion are provided for further clinical researches.
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To explore the accuracy of simple selection method of Fengshi (GB 31). Through the study of the ancient and modern data,the analysis and integration of the acupuncture books,the comparison of the locations of Fengshi (GB 31) by doctors from all dynasties and the integration of modern anatomia, the modern simple selection method of Fengshi (GB 31) is definite, which is the same as the traditional way. It is believed that the simple selec tion method is in accord with the human-oriented thought of TCM. Treatment by acupoints should be based on the emerging nature and the individual difference of patients. Also, it is proposed that Fengshi (GB 31) should be located through the integration between the simple method and body surface anatomical mark.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , History , Methods , China , History, Ancient , Medicine in Literature , MeridiansABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the current status of allergic adverse reactions caused by non-ionic iodinated contrast media in patients with coronary angiography (CAG). Methods: A total of 1 225 patients who received non-ionic iodinated contrast media for CAG in our hospital from 2011-02 to 2013-09 were retrospectively studied. There were 52 patients suffered from allergic adverse reactions including 47 (90.38%) male and 5 (9.62%) female. The allergic reaction to iodixanol, iohexol, iopamidol and iopromide were in 34, 3, 3 and 12 patients respectively. The clinical symptoms and outcomes of allergic reaction in 4 iodinated contrast media were analyzed. Results: There were 40/52 (76.92%) patients with mild allergic reaction, 11(21.15%) with moderate and 1 (1.92%) with severe reaction. 13 patients had the reaction within 1 hour of contrast media injection and 39 had the reaction between 1 hour to 3 days of contrast media injection. There 34 patients were cured by symptomatic and anti-allergic treatment, 1 patient was rescued from allergic shock and no death occurred. Conclusion: Application of non-ionic iodinated contrast media in CAG is safe, while closely observe the allergic adverse reaction with the in time and symptomatic treatment is very important in clinical practice.
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Objective To explore the design and application of the multifunctional treatment beds on patients′ position compliance and comfort after intraocular retinal reattachment surgery. Methods Eighty-six patients needing special position nursing after intraocular retinal reattachment surgery were randomly divided into experiment and control groups. The former received the special multifunction treatment beds while normal ward beds were used for the control patients . The position compliance , comfort and the complications were observed one month after surgery. Result The position compliance and the degree of comfort in the experiment group were significantly better than those in the control group and the complication rate was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The special multifunction treatment beds can be effective in increasing the patients compliance in positions and compliance as well as reducing postoperative complications and increasing the operation success rate.
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Objective: To analyze the relevant factors for combined use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and statins causing transaminase elevation and to provide the reference for medication safety in clinical practice. Methods: There were 45 patients who received the combination of LMWH and statins treatment, then having ALT elevation in our ward from 2011-01 to 2012-12 were collected, by exclusion of patients with the history of high ALT at admission, interrupted treatment and incomplete record of liver function tests, a total of 32 patients were ifnally enrolled for investigation. The conditions for using LMWH and statins together, type of LMWH, timing of ALT elevation after medication and clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All patients received statins including simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and pravastatin, and 15 patients took statins before using LMWH including enoxaparin, nadroparin and dalteparin. There were 18 patients had ALT increased below 3 times of the upper limit and 14 patients had ALT level ≥ 3 times of the upper limit, and ALT elevation occurred at the average of (3 ± 3.8) days after taking LMWH. All patients stopped using LMWH upon ALT elevation and 16 of them stopped taking statins. The ALT level gradually decreased to normal by application of hepatic-protective treatment in all patients.Conclusion: Combined using LMWH and statins could cause ALT elevation, LMWH and statins may have synergistic effect, and therefore, the enhanced monitor of liver function is necessary when using the combined medication.
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Objective To describe the MRI features of vanishing white matter disease (VWM).Methods Ten patients diagnosed as VWM between 2008-2013 were enrolled,with the mean age of(40 ±23)months.The clinical materials and MR images of them were reviewed retrospectively.The findings of MRI were analyzed by two experienced neuroradiologists in this study,including the location (cerebrum,cerebellum,brainstem,corpus callosum and internal/external capsule),size and signal intensity of the lesions,as well as the presence of cystic degeneration,cerebrum atrophy and the abnormal signal of the basal nuclei.Results MRI of brain typically showed extensive abnormal signal in the cerebral central white matter (10/10) and the focal lesion in subcortical white matter (9/10).The involvement of U-fibers was present in 7 cases.Cystic degeneration of the affected white matter was found in 7 cases.Abnormal signal also appeared in the white matter of posterior limb of the internal capsule (8/10),the external capsule (7/10),the inner rim (the callosal-septal interface) of the corpus callosum (8/10).The lesions of the thalamus and globus pallidus were detected in 2 cases.The white matter of the brainstem and cerebellum were involved in 6 and 7 cases respectively.Conclusion VWM typically shows a diffuse and symmetrical abnormal signal in the cerebral white matter with cystic degeneration on MRI,which is usually diagnostic.
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Polyelectrolyte with a large number of cations or anions could precipitate the oppositely charged proteins to form polyelectrolyte-protein complexes, which then aggregated to form larger particles via electrostatic attraction or hydrophobic interaction. The precipitation was affected by the molecular weight and concentration of the polyelectrolyte as well as the ionic strength and pH of the solution. The use of precipitation is an efficient method for selective separation of proteins from crude biological mixtures in the downstream processes of bioengineering.
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Acrylic Resins , Chemistry , Chemical Precipitation , Electrolytes , Chemistry , Polyethyleneimine , Chemistry , Protein Binding , ProteinsABSTRACT
In this paper,the contents of nutrition ingredients and five elements of limit quan- tity in eight species of shellfish in South China Sea were studied. It was found that the contents of Cd was high and Ag,As Cu and Ph were general low in comparison with hygiene criterions.