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Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST 36) on the gastrointestinal motility and the ultrastructures of pacemaker cells [the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)] in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) rats and explore the mechanism of EA for DGP.Methods: A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, group D and group E, with 10 rats in each group. Group A was the blank control; a single intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin (STZ) was performed in rats of group B, group C, group D and group E, with high glucose and high fat diet for 8 weeks to establish the DGP rat models. Group B was the model group and the rats did not receive any treatment; group C was EA at acupoint group and the rats received EA at Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); group D was EA at non-acupoint group and the rats received EA at the control points of Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); group E was metoclopramide group and the rats were treated by intragastric administration of metoclopramide. Blood glucose was detected using ONE TOUCH blood glucose meter; gastric emptying rate and small intestine migration rate were measured using intragastric phenol red; ultrastructures of gastric antrum ICC were detected by transmission electron microscopy.Results: The differences of blood glucose between group B, group C, group D, group E versus that of group A were statistically significant after modeling (P<0.01); after treatment, the differences of blood glucose between group D, group E versus that of group C were statistically significant (P<0.05,P<0.01); the gastric emptying rate of rats in group B was statistically significant different from that in group A (P<0.01); the gastric emptying rate of rats in group C was statistically significant different from that in group B (P<0.01). The migration rates of rats' small intestines in group B, group C, group D and group E were all statistically significant different from that in group A (P<0.01); the migration rate of rats' small intestines in group C was statistically significant different from that in group B (P<0.01). The ultrastructure of rat's ICC in group B showed apoptosis compared with that in group A; rat's ICC in group C had complete basement membrane, more cytoplasm mitochondria, Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum, showing clear structure, occasional mitochondria swelling and gap junctions with adjacent smooth muscle cells; there were no significant differences between group D, group E versus group B.Conclusion: EA at Zusanli (ST 36) plus other acupoints can regulate the blood glucose and promote gastrointestinal motility in DGP rats, and the mechanism may be related to repairing the damaged ICC structure.
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Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the electrogastrogram and gastric antrum ghrelin in rats with diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, group D and group E, 10 rats in each group. Group A was the blank control group without intervention. Group B, Group C, Group D and Group E were treated with single dose intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin (STZ), combined with 8-week high glucose and high fat diet to establish DGP rat models. Group B was the model group without treatment. Group C was the EA at acupoint group, was treated with EA at Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). Group D was the EA at non-acupoint group, was treated by EA at the control points of Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). Rats in the metoclopramide control group received 1.7% metoclopramide solution [10 mL/(kg·bw)] by gavage. Rat's blood glucose level was measured by blood glucose meter; gastric emptying rate was detected using phenol red as a marker; the electrogastrogram was detected by BL-420F biological function system; the protein level of ghrelin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expression of ghrelin mRNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Compared with group A, the blood glucose of group B, C, D and E were significantly increased before and after the treatment (all P<0.01); after treatment, the gastric emptying rate of group B was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the migration rates of small intestine in group B, C, D and E were significantly lower (all P<0.01), and the protein content of ghrelin in group C was significantly decreased (P<0.01); the expressions of ghrelin mRNA were significantly increased in group B, C, D and E (all P<0.01), the mean amplitudes of electrogastrogram in group B and D were significantly decreased (both P<0.01). After treatment, compared with group B, the blood glucose of group C was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the gastric emptying rate and small intestine migration rate were significantly increased in group C and E (P<0.05, P<0.01), the small intestinal migration rate was significantly increased in group D (P<0.05), the expression of ghrelin in protein and mRNA in group C was significantly lower (P<0.01), the expression of ghrelin mRNA in group E was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the mean amplitude of electrogastrogram in group C was significantly increased (P<0.05). After treatment, compared with group D, the protein and mRNA expressions of ghrelin in group C were significantly decreased (P<0.01). After treatment, compared with group E, the protein expression of ghrelin in group C was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: EA at Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) could regulate the blood glucose level of DGP model rats, enhance electrogastrogram activity, promote gastric emptying, and regulate ghrelin expression in protein and mRNA.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of brain-benefiting and collateral-unblocking needling technique for chronic alcoholic gastritis complicated with depression. Methods:A total of 92 cases with chronic alcoholic gastritis complicated with depression were included in this trial. They were randomly allocated into an observation group (n=46) and a control group (n=46) by random number (envelope) method. Patients in the observation group received the brain-benefiting and collateral-unblocking needling technique. Scalp points included Shenting (GV 24), Xinhui (GV 22), Qianding (GV 23), Baihui (GV 20), Chengguang (BL 6), Tongtian (BL 7) and Luoque (BL 8). Body points included Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12), Gongsun (SP 4), Shenmen (HT 7), Daling (PC 7), Qimen (LR 14), Xinshu (BL 15) and Taichong (LR 3). The control group only received the same body acupuncture as the observation group. The treatment was conducted once a day, 30 min for each treatment, and 10 times made up a course of treatment. The efficacy was observed after 3 courses of treatment, and there was a 2-d interval between two courses. Results:After 3 courses of treatment, the clinical symptoms and gastroscopic features were significantly improved in the observation group than that in the control group. The clinical efficacy, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were significantly better than those in the control group (allP<0.05). Conclusion:The brain-benefiting and collateral-unblocking needling technique can significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with chronic alcoholic gastritis complicated with depression and substantially alleviate their gastroscopic features, anxiety and depression.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy differences among acupuncture combined with western medicine, acupuncture alone and western medicine alone for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients were randomly assigned into a needle-medicine group, an acupuncture group and a western medicine group, 30 patients in each group. The patients in the needle-medicine group were treated with acupuncture combined with western medicine; the scalp points included Shenting (GV 24), Xinhui (GV 22), Qianding (GV 21), Baihui (GV 20), Chengguang (BL 6), Tongtian (BL 7), etc. The body points were Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Pangguangshu (BL 28), Ciliao (BL 32), etc. The acupuncture was given 30 min per treatment, once a day. Besides, oral administration of 0.2g levofloxacin (twice per day) and 0.2 mg tamsulosin (once a day) was applied. The patients in the acupuncture group and western medicine group were treated by acupuncture and western medicine respectively. 12-d treatment was taken as one session, and totally 2 sessions were given. The clinical efficacy of the three groups after treatment was compared as well as the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) total score and pain score, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the trial two patients dropped out, as a result, 30 patients in the needle-medicine group, 29 patients in the acupuncture group and 29 patients in the western medicine group were included in the analysis. After treatment, 21 patients were cured, 6 patients were markedly effective, 2 patients were effective and 1 patient failed in the needle-medicine group;12 patients were cured, 10 patients were markedly effective, 5 patients were effective and 2 patients failed in the acupuncture group; 11 patients were cured, 12 patients were markedly effective, 4 patients were effective and 2 patients failed in the medicine group; the efficacy in the needle-medicine group was superior to those in the acupuncture group and medicine group (both<0.05). Each score was improved after treatment in each group (all<0.01); the total score of NIH-CPSI as well as SAS and SDS scores in the needle-medicine group were superior to those in the acupuncture group and medicine group (<0.05,<0.01); the pain scores of NIH-CPSI in needle-medicine group and acupuncture group were superior to that in the medicine group (<0.05,<0.01), but the difference between the needle-medicine group and acupuncture group was not significant (>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The efficacy of acupuncture combined with western medicine for CP/CPPS is superior to that of acupuncture alone and western medicine alone, which could improve the symptom of prostatitis as well as status of anxiety and depression.</p>
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Objective To investigate the role of hypoxia induced factor-1 α (HIF-1 α) signaling pathway in development of nonacoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by using a rat model.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (normal control group,4 weeks model group,8 weeks model group,12 weeks model group,and 16 weeks model group according to random number table).NAFLD model was induced by high fat diet.Serum biochemical parameters and liver histological examinations were observed.The HIF-1α,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα),and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mRNA transcriptions of liver tissue were detected with realtime PCR.Results Compared with the control group,a remarkable rise of serum alanine amiotransferase,triglyceride,cholesterol,and reduction of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were observed in rats treated with high fat diet after 12 weeks and 16 weeks (P＜0.05).Compared with model group,steatosis,grade of inflammation,and degree of fibrosis in the liver were also significantly aggravated.Fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks,the expression of HIF-1α was significantly higher than that in the control group;the expression of PPARα in 4 weeks group was significantly higher than that in the control group.The expression of PPARα was again significantly elevated in 16 weeks group (P＜0.05);NF-κB expression was increased gradually with high fat diet (P＜0.05).The expression of HIF-1 α mRNA was related with PPARα (r =0.82,P＜0.05) and NF-κB (r =0.67,P＜0.05),and PPARα mRNA was related with NF-κB (r =0.78,P＜0.05).Conclusion HIF-1 α signaling may regulate PPARα/NF-κB and seems to be related with development of NAFLD.
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Objective To study the correlation between the expression of integrin a5,?1 subunit in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma and its clinicopathological data including tumour grade and clinical stage(T_1 6 cases,T_2 8cases,T_3 6 cases;G_1 7cases,G_2 6cases,G_3 7cases). Methods Expression of integrin a5,?1 subunit were examined in 20 cases of Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma and 20 cases of normal bladder tissues by immunohistochemical technique. Results Expression of integrin a5,?1 subunit in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma was lower than that in normal bladder tissues(P
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Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of EGF signal pathway on cell cycle in prostate cancer adrogen-independent cell line DU-145. Methods FAC scan was used to analysis the cell cycle and the proliferation ability was measured by MTT assay.We further detect the expression levels of cell cycle factors by Western blotting. Results Our data showed that EGF can increase the proliferation ability of DU145 cells and that can also increase the cell numbers in S phase (P
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Objective To investigate the change of caspase-3 and F-actin in the apoptosis of prostate cancer androgen-independent cell line DU145 induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Methods Using AO dying and fluorescent microscope to observe the shape of the cell,and the apoptosis peak can be observed by FACScan too.The effects of ATRA on the expression of caspase-3 was analyzed by Western blot and the F-actin’s structure was observed by immunofluorescent microscope. Results Flurescent microscope can observe more apoptotic cells about 85.0% in 48 h and FACScan can observe obvious apoptotic peak come into being after treated by ATRA. Meanwhile, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated.The structure of F-actin was destroyed. Conclusions ATRA could induce the apoptosis of DU145 cell mediated by caspase-3 and lead to the destroy of F-actin’s structure.
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Objective To evaluate the expression of G250 mRNA in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its clinical significance. Methods A semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was developed to assay the levels of G250 mRNA obtained from 7 normal renal tissues and 33 cases of RCC.Of the 33 RCC cases,28 had clear cell carcinoma and 5 had non-clear cell carcinoma.By UICC staging, 8 cases were diagnosed with T_1 stage carcinoma,13 with T_2 and 12 with T_3.Pathological grading showed 11 cases of G_1,15 of G_2,and 7 of G_3. Results Among the 33 cases of RCC,G250 mRNA expression was present in 28 cases (84.8%).However, it was absent in all the 7 normal renal tissues.There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P0.05);while they were 0.48?0.32,0.23?0.16 and 0.11?0.11,respectively,in RCC cases of G_1,G_2 and G_3,which showed that the expression of G250 mRNA was inversely correlated with tumor grades(P
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Purpose:To study the molecular mechanism that d etermines the cell cycle differences between human giant-cell carcinoma cell st rains 95C and 95D. Methods:FACscan was used to analyze the cell cycle of 95C and 9 5D cells, and the proliferation ability of 95C and 95D cells was measured by MTT assay. We further detected the expression levels of cell cycle factors by Weste rn blotting. Results:Our data showed that the proliferation ability of 95D c ells is higher than that of 95C cells, and that the cell number in S phase of 95 D cells is much larger than that of 95C cells. We further found that the express ion level of p27 in 95D cell is lower than that of 95C cells. In addition, the e xpression levels of CDK2 and p-RB of 95D cells are higher than that of 95C cell s. Conclusions:Our results indicated that low expression level of p27 lead to the increased proliferation ability of 95D cells, which might reflec t the progression of human lung cancer cells in cell cycle facets.