A case report of staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption therapy for refractory myasthenia gravis / 中华神经科杂志

Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) has a high affinity for human immunoglobulin, and SPA immunoadsorption can specifically reduce the titer of autoantibodies and quickly relieve the clinical symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG). Recent studies have suggested that immunoadsorption has better clinical efficacy and a lower incidence of adverse reactions than plasma exchange. A case of refractory MG with poor response to corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and immunosuppressive therapy was reported. The patient had low immune function and progressive pulmonary infection in the later stage of the disease. Respiratory muscle weakness was relieved quickly after four times of immunoadsorption therapy. The value of immunoadsorption in the treatment of refractory MG was explored with literature review.

Association between cyclooxygenase gene rs20417 polymorphism and aspirin resistance: a meta-analysis

@#Background: Although the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cyclooxygenase (COX) genes and the risk of aspirin resistance (AR) has been extensively studied, the results remain conflicting. The majority of studies have focused on the role of rs20417 (COX-2 -G765C) in AR. To derive a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation of this association, we performed a meta-analysis including the most recent studies. Methods: Relevant studies published up to October 2018 were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, China Nation Knowledge Infrastructure Platform, Wanfang, and VIP databases, and by manual searching reference lists of the retrieved articles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the strength of associations. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the stability of results and between-study heterogeneity, respectively. Results: A total of 18 studies on rs20417 were pooled into the meta-analysis. Rs20417 was found to be associated with an increased risk of AR (C vs. G: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.10–1.86, p < 0.05; GC+CC vs. GG: OR = 1.54, 95% CI =1.15–2.05, p < 0.05). These associations were stronger in Chinese participants and in patients with ischemic stroke in subgroup analyses. Conclusion: The presence of rs20417 indicates an increased risk of AR, especially in Chinese participants and patients with ischemic stroke. This association could help to improve personalized medicine and initiate appropriate treatment as necessary. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

Structure and function of DJ-1 and its role in Parkinson's disease / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder mainly due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Most PD cases are sporadic and only 5%-10% of patients carry mutations with inheritance. Among them, the mutation of DJ-1 is related to the autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism. DJ-1, the Parkinson's disease-related protein, plays important roles in different physiopathological processes, including oxidative stress, cell translocation and regulation of transcription and translation. DJ-1 is known to be widely expressed in different areas of brain, including hippocampus, amygdala, substantia nigra and cortical areas. Several researchers have tried to demonstrate the clinical and neuroimaging features of DJ-1 related parkinsonism. The DJ-1 knockout mouse model was established to further explore the mechanisms of different functions. Moreover, the search for different forms of DJ-1 as potential biomarkers of PD also provides guidance for its accurate diagnosis and treatment in the future.

Relationship between blood lipid level and Parkinson's Disease:A Meta-analysis / 中国医师杂志

Objective Although multiple lines of evidence suggested that serum lipid is related to Parkinson's disease ( PD) , it has been controversial. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyse the relationship between serum lipid levels and PD risk. Methods Pertinent studies were identified by a search in Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang data-base, the Wiper database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to July, 2018. All sta-tistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 12. 0. Results Eleven related articles met our selec-tion criteria and a total of 1424 PD patients and 7250 healthy controls were included in further analysis. Through meta-analysis, low triglyceride ( TG) level appeared to increase risk of developing PD [ standard-ised mean difference (SMD) = -0. 31, 95％ CI ( -0. 40, -0. 21), P=0. 318, I2 =14. 7％], while no significant association was identified between total cholesterol ( TC) [ SMD= -0. 09, 95％ CI ( -0. 40, 0. 22), P=0. 000, I2 =94. 0％], low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [SMD= -0. 10, 95％ CI ( -0. 40, 0. 19), P=0. 000, I2 =92. 3％] and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [SMD=-0. 09, 95％ CI ( -0. 22, 0. 05), P=0. 103, I2 =45. 5％] with PD. The similar conclusion was ob-tained by subgroup analysis in both Asian and non-Asian. Conclusions Our results indicate that TG were associated with the risk of PD, while TC, LDL-C and HDL-C maybe not associated with the risk of PD. However, this conclusion needs further confirmation.

Identification and analysis of arsenic interactors byEscherichia coli proteome microarray / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To globally study the influence of arsenite to the various biological pathways of Escherichia coli as a model organism.Methods · The protein-arsenite interactions was globally studied based on a proteome microarray constructed by 4256 affinity-purified Escherichia coli proteins. The functions of interacting proteins and their network were then analyzed by bioinformatics. Results · 91 proteins that remarkably interact with arsenic were successfully identified. Bioinformatics analysis found that most of the proteins possess catalytic activityand are involved in various biosynthesis and cellular metabolism pathways. The interactions of arsenic with proteins encoded by malY, cfa and hypF genes were further validated by Western blotting, which proves the results of proteome microarray reliable. Conclusion · Arsenite interacts with a variety of enzymes ofEscherichia coli and can greatly affect its biological metabolism.

Fabrication of Polymerase Chain Reaction Plastic Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Rapid Molecular Diagnoses / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: We aim to fabricate a thermoplastic poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) Lab-on-a-Chip device to perform continuous- flow polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for rapid molecular detection of foodborne pathogen bacteria. METHODS: A miniaturized plastic device was fabricated by utilizing PMMA substrates mediated by poly(dimethylsiloxane) interfacial coating, enabling bonding under mild conditions, and thus avoiding the deformation or collapse of microchannels. Surface characterizations were carried out and bond strength was measured. The feasibility of the Lab-on-a-Chip device for performing on-chip PCR utilizing a lab-made, portable dual heater was evaluated. The results were compared with those obtained using a commercially available thermal cycler. RESULTS: A PMMA Lab-on-a-Chip device was designed and fabricated for conducting PCR using foodborne pathogens as sample targets. A robust bond was established between the PMMA substrates, which is essential for performing miniaturized PCR on plastic. The feasibility of on-chip PCR was evaluated using Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Cronobacter condimenti, two worldwide foodborne pathogens, and the target amplicons were successfully amplified within 25 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we present a novel design of a low-cost and high-throughput thermoplastic PMMA Lab-on-a-Chip device for conducting microscale PCR, and we enable rapid molecular diagnoses of two important foodborne pathogens in minute resolution using this device. In this regard, the introduced highly portable system design has the potential to enable PCR investigations of many diseases quickly and accurately.

Differentiation of small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer with diffusion-weighted MR imaging ;at 3.0 Tesla and optimization of b values / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentia-tion of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 3.0 T MRI. This study also aims to optimize b values. Methods Thirty-six patients with lung cancer proved by pathology were examined by T2WI and DWI (b = 400, 600 and 800 s/mm2) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of each lesion were calculated among different b values. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calcu-late the difference between the ADC of SCLC and NSCLC and to evaluate the diagnostic capability. Analysis of variance was used to determine difference in ADC of NSCLC histological types at the optimal b values. Results The ADC values of SCLC and NSCLC decreased with increasing b values , and the differences were statistically significant (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) values were 0.775、0.892、0.804 (b = 400, 600, 800 s/mm2, respectively). The AUC with a b value of 600 s/mm2 was the largest. When an ADC of 1.296 × 10-3 mm2/s was considered as a threshold, the sensitivity, and specificity were 76.9%, and 90.0%, respectively. Conclusion DWI reflects the diffusion motion of water protons in lung carcinoma and it has moderate diagnosis potency in differentiating SCLC and NSCLC. The optimal b value is 600 s/mm 2.

Subcellular localization of ataxin-3 and its effect on the morphology of cytoplasmic organoids / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the subcellular localization of ataxin-3 and the effect of polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion mutation on the morphology of mitochondrion, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Transient transfection was employed to build cell models expressing wild-type or mutant ataxin-3 proteins. Indirect immunofluorescence was applied to identify markers of organelle membrane. The results were observed under a laser scanning confocal microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No co-localization was observed for ataxin-3 protein and mitochondrial marker TOM20, but the percentage of cells with mitochondrial fragmentation has increased in cells expressing mutant ataxin-3 (P<0.05). No co-localization was observed for ataxin-3 protein and golgi marker GM130, and mutant ataxin-3 did not cause golgi fragmentation. Wide type and polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 both showed partial co-localization with ER marker calnexin. The latter showed more overlap with calnexin, and the overlapping signals were mostly located in the places where aggregates were situated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PolyQ-expanded ataxin-3 protein may indirectly affect the integrity of mitochondria, but may cause no effect on the structure and functions of golgi apparatus. Endoplasmic reticulum may be another place where extended ataxin-3 protein can induce cytotoxicity in addition to the nucleus.</p>

Application of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for uterine cervical carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To explore the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in assessing the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer.Methods Data of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI were analyzed in 32 patients with uterine cervical cancer received conventional prior to chemoradiotherapy and after 1 and 3 months of therapy.13 cases of normal controls also had been examed by MRI and DWL DWI with b values of (0,300) s/mm2 and b values of (0,600) s/mm2 were performed in all patients.Pretreatment post-treatmentADC values were compared between the health group and patients group.Results When the b =300 s/mm2,normal cervical average ADC value was (1.72±0.31)×10-3 mm2/s,cervical cancer was (1.10±0.24)×10-3 mm2/s before treatment and was (1.61±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s after treatment.When the b =600 s/mm2,normal cervical average ADC value was (1.46±0.25)×10-3 mm2/s cervical cancer was (0.89±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s before treatment and was (1.54±0.18)×10-3 mm2/s after treatment.When b =300 s/mm2,ADC value was higher than when b =600 s/mm2.ADC values of cervical cancer was significantly lower than that of the normal cervix group,ADC values of cervical lesions after chemoradiotherapy was significantly higher than that before chemoradiotherapy (P ＜ 0.05).In the same group with different b values,ADC value was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Joint observation of DWI and ADC values could be more objective and accurate in the analysis of the disease and would help to evaluate the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy.

Influence of edaravone on growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 expression following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Objective:To investigate the influence of edaravone on the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34). Methods: A total of 108 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and edaravone group (36 cases for each group). Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by reperfusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, GADD34 expression was measured with immunohistochemistry at different time-points after reperfusion in the peri-infarct regions of all rats. Results: The GADD34 expression was detected in the peri-infarct regions of rats 1 h after reperfusion, which reached its peak 24 h after reperfusion. And edaravone could significantly down-regulate the GADD34 expression. Conclusions:Edaravon could down-regulate GADD34 expression, which suggests that edaravone may exert an important function in inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress reaction by scavenging free radicals in the upper stream.

Comparison of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large-scale DWI for evaluation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma bone marrow infiltration / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the diagnostic value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) and large-scale diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for evaluation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) bone marrow (BM) infiltration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 79 patients with pathologically diagnosed NHL underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, large scale DWI and BM pathological examination. BM examination as the "gold standard", the performance (the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value) of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large scale DWI for evaluation of BM infiltration was compared and the risk of BM infiltration of different subtypes and sources of NHL was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>25 of 79 cases were diagnosed as BM infiltration by pathological examination with 57 BM sites. Abnormal high BM metabolisms were identified in 22 cases with 56 BM sites by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and 25 cases with 58 BM sites by large-scale DWI. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were 80.0%, 96.3%, 91.1%, 90.9%, 91.2%, respectively. And they were 84.0%, 92.6%, 89.9%, 84.0%, and 92.6% by large-scale DWI, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that there was no statistical difference in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large-scale DWI (P>0.05). The area under ROC curve for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large-scale DWI were 0.911 and 0.883 respectively. The incidences of BM infiltration in aggressive NHL patients by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (21/69, 30.4%) and large-scale DWI (23/69, 33.3%) were higher than those (PET/CT: 10.0%; large-scale DWI: 20.0%; P>0.05) in indolent NHL patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large-scale DWI had important clinical value in diagnosing BM infiltration of NHL. A combination of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, large-scale DWI and pathological examination could improve the positive rate of BM infiltration in NHL.</p>

Mutation analysis of PINK1 gene in patients with early-onset Parkinsonism / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To determine the frequency of mutations in PINK1 in Chinese Han people with sporadic early-onset Parkinsonism (EOP). Methods DNA sequencing was used to detect point mutations and small deletions/insertions, and quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to detect deletions/insertions and rearrangements in 149 patients and 150 healthy controls. Results Four heterozygous mutations in PINK1 were identified, including 3 missense mutations (c.832C>G, c. 938C>T, c.1 220G>A) and ex 3-8 del. A novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.899+18G>A and 14 reported SNPs were identified. Chi-square test showed that c.189C> T and c.960-5G﹥A had significant difference in the genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between the patients and the controls (for c.189C>T genotype χ2=21.244，PT and c.960-5G>A may contribute to the risk of EOP in Chinese Han people.

DJ-1 gene rearrangement mutation in patients with autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism using real-time PCR / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a technique platform of DJ-1 gene exon rearrangement using real-time PCR and to analyze DJ-1 gene exon rearrangement mutation in patients with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinsonism(AREP).@*METHODS@#Real-time PCR was used to analyze DJ-1 gene exon rearrangement mutation in 22 probands with AREP from unrelated Chinese Han families and 30 normal controls.@*RESULTS@#We obtained satisfactory real-time PCR reaction conditions and primers of DJ-1 gene coding exons No exon rearrangement mutation in the DJ-1 gene is detected in this group.@*CONCLUSION@#We established platform of DJ-1 gene exon rearrangement using real-time PCR. Exon rearrangement mutation in the DJ-1 gene is rare in Chinese patients with AREP.

Analysis of parkin gene mutations in Han Chinese with sporadic early-onset parkinsonism in southern China / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the spectrum and features of parkin gene mutations in Chinese patients with sporadic early-onset Parkinsonism (EOP) in southern China.Methods All 156 Han Chinese patients with sporadic EOP were screened for mutations in parkin gene using SYBR Green Ⅰ Real-time PGR combined with sequencing of the entire coding region of the gene.Results Nineteen cases carried parkin mutations, including 2 homozygous, 2 compound heterozygous and 15 heterozygous mutations.Seventeen parkin gene rearrangement mutations ( 12 exon deletions and 5 exon duplications) and three small sequence mutations (ⅣS9 + 18C ＞ T,c.202-203delAG and c.813delT) were identified.The c.813delT is a novel mutation.The segment between exon 1 and 7 are mutational hot spot.Cases with parkin mutations showed no difference in initial symptoms, cardinal symptoms and disease severity, compared with cases without parkin mutations.But patients with parkin mutations showed significant earlier onset age ( ( 40.9 ± 6.8 ) years vs (35.5 ± 10.0) years, Z = -2.271, P ＜0.05) and longer disease duration ( (4.4 ±3.6) years vs (7.6 ±4.0) years,Z = - 3.680, P ＜ 0.05 ) than those without parkin mutation.Conclusions The frequency of parkin gene mutation was 12.18% in Han Chinese patients with sporadic EOP.Rearrangement mutation may be the predominant type of mutations.The exon deletion is a main mutation style.The sequence fragment between exon 1 and 7 of the parkin gene are mutational hot spots.There were no significant differences in clinical features between cases with parkin mutation and those without.However, our patient with parkin mutations showed a significantly earlier onset age, longer disease duration and slower progression than those without parkin mutation.

Advance in brain-computer interface technology / 生物医学工程学杂志

This paper introduces one of the young, energetic and rapidly growing research fields in biomedical engineering-Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, which can provide augmentative communication and control capabilities to patients with severe motor disabilities. We summarize the first two international meetings for BCI, and present the most typical research fruits. The problems in current studies and the direction for future investigation are analyzed.

Motion Artifacts in Three-dimensional CT Images / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of physiological motions on three-dimensional (3D) CT images and the rules of motion artifacts.Methods A mathematical model of motion artifact was set up based on the principle of spiral scanning, hereby the geometrical distortion of 3D image was analyzed.Experiments were carried out with home-made phantoms on a CT scanner.Results The details of 3D images with trivial distortion were legible under static condition.On the contrary, distinct distortion occured under moving condition, and its degree increased with the pitch and motion period. The 3D images were varied with difference of the motion initial phases.Conclusion The distortion of 3D-CT image depends on the motion characters of scanned objects and scanning parameters such as pitch and slice thickness.

Variation of CT Values for Surface Enhanced Layers of Nasopharynx Wall and Detecting of the Best Scanning Time / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To probe into the variation of CT values of surface enhanced layers of nasopharynx wall,intensified regularity and choosing the best scanning time.Methods 138 patients received conventional plus enhanced CT scan and 58 cases of them received delayed and repeated scans.Results 83% of the cases were correspondent to the surface of nasopharynx and had manifest linear enhancement.After giving contrast injection,it reached 97% at the 74 second.All CT values of the cases were enhanced in the phase of 92～344 second.Conclusion The ratio of linear enhancement is manifestly high,which is very helpful to the CT diangosis of NPC restricted to or under the mucosa.The best acquisition time should be just before or after the 74 second,correspondent to the surface of nasopharynx.The enhancement lasted long.

Bioethnopharmaceutical analytical pharmacology:a strategy for elucidating ethnoherbal absorbed bioactive compounds / 中草药

To review the background and advance of a strategy of bioethnopharmaceutical analytical pharmacology(BAP).BAP is an idea for elucidating absorbed bioactive compound(ABC)in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula or herbal remedy.It is also a mode of active comparison between absorbed compounds and the parent formula including determination of ABC in blood,the ABC dosage identical to its content in formula,and the active comparison of ABC and the parent formula.The ABC of Guan-Xin-Er-Hao formula elucidated by BAP strategy has been reviewed and the significance of BAP strategy will be further discussed.

Study on Criteria for Commonly-Seen TCM Syndromes of Depression / 中医杂志

Objective:To establish criteria of commonly-seen TCM syndromes of depression.Methods:Consultation of specialists,clinical epidemiological survey,scores of syndrome degree rating and statistical analysis of multiple factors were adopted to establish the criteria for main syndrome differentiation of 5 commonly-seen TCM syndromes of depression.Results:Of 1977 cases of depression,1731 cases were stagnation of the liver-Qi,stagnation of the liver-Qi and deficiency of the spleen,stagnation of the liver-Qi and phlegm,deficiency of both the heart and spleen,and Yin-deficiency of both the liver and kidney.And according to statistical analysis,the criteria for main syndrome differentiation of the 5 syndromes were established.Conclusion:Commonly-seen syndromes of depression have common cause of disease and pathogenesis.Stagnation of the liver-Qi is basic syndrome,and in clinical manifestation of various syndromes emotional depression is common main syndrome,but various syndromes still have other main syndrome.

Virtual instrument design based on ARM and USB2.0 / 医疗卫生装备

On the basis of ARMT core processor, a biological signal acquisition system with USB2.0 interface is presented in this paper. It is self-developed and Lab VIEW7 is taken as a host communicating software platform for the entire data communication system. The study is mainly focused on the firmware programming for USB chip, the development of USB WDM Driver, and the method for the calling of DLL from Lab VIEW7 to communicate with self-made hardware device.