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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 44(3): 298-307, May-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374616

ABSTRACT

Objectives: We assessed whether administering cannabidiol (CBD) before recalling the traumatic event that triggered their disorder attenuates anxiety in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As an exploratory pilot analysis, we also investigated whether this effect depends on the nature of the event (sexual vs. nonsexual trauma). Methods: Thirty-three patients of both sexes with PTSD were recruited and randomized 1:1 into two groups. One group received oral CBD (300 mg), and the other received a placebo before listening to a digital audio playback of their previously recorded report of the trigger event. Subjective and physiological measurements were taken before and after recall. We analyzed the data in two subsamples: trigger events involving sexual and nonsexual trauma. Results: In the nonsexual trauma group, the differences between measurements before and after recall were significantly smaller with CBD than placebo; this held true for anxiety and cognitive impairment. However, in the sexual trauma group, the differences were non-significant for both measurements. Conclusion: A single dose of CBD (300mg) attenuated the increased anxiety and cognitive impairment induced by recalling a traumatic event in patients with PTSD when the event involved nonsexual trauma.

3.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 44(4): 103-109, July-Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-903032

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Ayahuasca is a psychoactive ethnobotanical concoction that has been used for decades by indigenous groups of the Northwestern Amazon and by syncretic religious organizations for ritual and therapeutic purposes. In the last two decades, it is being used worldwide in evolving practices. Ayahuasca seem to therapeutic effects, but controlled studies are lacking. Moreover, its safety and toxicity are not completely understood. Objectives To present an overview of the effects of ayahuasca based on the most recent human studies. Methods Narrative review. Results Ayahuasca administration in controlled settings appears to be safe from a subjective and physiological perspective, with few adverse reactions being reported. More frequent adverse reactions occur in non-controlled settings. Prolonged psychotic reactions are rare and seem to occur especially in susceptible individuals. Ayahuasca showed antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects in animal models, observational studies, and in open-label and controlled studies. Discussion Ayahuasca administration in controlled settings appear to be safe. Moreover, ayahuasca seem to have therapeutic effects for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders that should be further investigated in randomized controlled clinical trials. However, medical complications and cases of prolonged psychotic reactions have been reported, and people with personal or family history of psychotic disorders should avoid ayahuasca intake.

4.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 27(4): 383-389, out.-dez. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770045

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da administração de canabidiol em um modelo de isquemia/reperfusão renal em animais. Métodos: Foi induzida uma lesão renal, por meio de 45 minutos de isquemia renal seguida por reperfusão. Administrou-se canabidiol (5mg/kg) imediatamente após a reperfusão. Resultados: A isquemia/reperfusão aumentou os níveis de interleucina 1 e fator de necrose tumoral, o que foi atenuado pelo tratamento com canabidiol. Além disso, o canabidiol foi capaz de diminuir o dano oxidativo de lipídios e proteínas, mas não os níveis de nitrito/nitrato. A lesão renal após isquemia/reperfusão pareceu ser independente da expressão dos receptores canabidiol-1 e canabidiol-2, já que não houve aumento significante desses receptores após a reperfusão. Conclusão: O tratamento com canabidiol teve um efeito protetor contra a inflamação e o dano oxidativo em um modelo de isquemia/reperfusão renal. Esses efeitos parecem não ocorrer via ativação dos receptores canabidiol-1/canabidiol-2.


ABSTRACT Objective: This work aimed to investigate the effects of the administration of cannabidiol in a kidney ischemia/reperfusion animal model. Methods: Kidney injury was induced by 45 minutes of renal ischemia followed by reperfusion. Cannabidiol (5mg/kg) was administered immediately after reperfusion. Results: Ischemia/reperfusion increased the IL-1 and TNF levels, and these levels were attenuated by cannabidiol treatment. Additionally, cannabidiol was able to decrease lipid and protein oxidative damage, but not the nitrite/nitrate levels. Kidney injury after ischemia/reperfusion seemed to be independent of the cannabidiol receptor 1 and cannabidiol receptor 2 (CB1 and CB2) expression levels, as there was no significant increase in these receptors after reperfusion. Conclusion: The cannabidiol treatment had a protective effect against inflammation and oxidative damage in the kidney ischemia/reperfusion model. These effects seemed to be independent of CB1/CB2 receptor activation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cannabidiol/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Inflammation/drug therapy , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Interleukin-1/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Inflammation/pathology , Kidney Diseases/pathology
5.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 42(1): 25-30, Jan - Fev/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742778

ABSTRACT

Background Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a complex condition wich is associated with emotional factors, specially depression and anxiety. Objectives To make a systematic review to provide a detailed summary of relevant literature on the association between CPP and different psychiatric disorders/symptoms. Methods A systematic review of articles in the international literature published between 2003 and 2014 was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO using the terms (chronic pelvic pain) AND (psychiatry OR psychiatric OR depression OR anxiety OR posttraumatic stress OR somatoform). The searches returned a total of 529 matches that were filtered according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 18 articles were selected. Results The investigations focused mainly on the assessment of depression and anxiety disorders/symptoms, with rather high rates (17-38.6%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were more prevalent among women with CPP compared to healthy groups. Comparisons between groups with CPP and with specific pathologies that also have pain as a symptom showed that depression indicators are more frequent in CPP. Depressive symptoms tend to be more common in CPP and have no particular association with pain itself, the core feature of CPP. Discussion Other aspects of CPP seem to play a specific role in this association. Anxiety and other psychiatric disorders require further investigation so that their impact on CPP can be better understood.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pelvic Pain/etiology , Mental Disorders , Anxiety , Comorbidity , Mood Disorders
6.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 17(3): 528-543, Jul-Sep/2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-725744

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Discutir os avanços e limitações do uso dos modelos animais nos transtornos psiquiátricos. Método: Uma revisão narrativa de artigos. Resultados: Diferentes modelos animais atualmente demonstram validade adequada para características específicas de determinados transtornos mentais. Conclusão: Resguardadas as devidas limitações que impossibilitam mimetizar sintomas psicopatológicos complexos em modelos animais, estes seguem como úteis ferramentas de estudo na psiquiatria.


Objectives: To discuss the advances and limitations of animal models in psychiatric disorders. Method: A narrative review of articles. Results: Different animal models currently demonstrate adequate validity for specific characteristics of certain mental disorders. Conclusion: Recognizing limitations that stay away from any mimicking of complex psychopathological symptoms in animal models, such models nonetheless represent useful tools in the study of psychiatry.


Objectifs: Examiner les progrès et les limites des modèles animaux pour l'étude des troubles psychiatriques. Méthode: Révision narrative d'articles. Résultats: De différents modèles animaux possèdent actuellement une validité suffisante par rapport aux caractéristiques spécifiques de certains troubles mentaux. Conclusion: Malgré le fait des limites qui ne permettent pas de reproduire les symptômes psychopathologiques complexes dans les modèles animaux, ceux-ci restent néanmoins des outils utiles d'étude en psychiatrie.


Objetivos: Discutir los avances y las limitaciones de los modelos animales en los trastornos psiquiátricos. Método: Una revisión narrativa de artículos. Resultados: Los diferentes modelos animales actualmente demuestran validez adecuada para las características específicas de determinados trastornos mentales. Conclusión: Guardadas las debidas limitaciones que imposibilitan mimetizar los síntomas psicopatológicos complejos en modelos animales, estes siguen siendo herramientas útiles en el estudio de la psiquiatría.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mental Disorders , Models, Animal , Psychiatry , Psychopathology
7.
Cad. Ter. Ocup. UFSCar (Impr.) ; 22(1): 195-203, jan.-abr. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-712119

ABSTRACT

Considering the damage caused by schizophrenia and the world tendency to treat and include its patients in the community, it is essential to review the scientific literature concerning the influential factors associated with quality of life in this population. Method: A literature review was carried out aiming to describe which social roles influence the quality of life and which variables have been investigated. Results: We selected 17 studies, mostly from European countries, conducted after 2000. Almost all studies were of the cross-sectional type and assessed outpatient samples. In general, most studies reported a better quality of life associated with a greater number of social roles. The social roles appeared linked to the areas of quality of life and none of the studies used a specific instrument for social roles. Conclusions: The review reveals the necessity for more studies regarding quality of life and social roles in schizophrenia.


Introdução: Considerando o prejuízo causado pela esquizofrenia e a tendência mundial de inserir e tratar seus portadores na comunidade, torna-se imprescindível rever a literatura científica referente aos fatores influentes associados à qualidade de vida dessa população. Método: Uma revisão bibliográfica foi realizada com o objetivo de descrever quais papéis sociais influenciam na qualidade de vida e quais variáveis foram investigadas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 17 estudos, a maior parte de países europeus. A maioria foi realizada após o ano 2000. Quase todos os estudos eram seccionais e a maior parte avaliou amostras ambulatoriais. De um modo geral, a maioria dos estudos relatou uma melhor qualidade de vida associada com maior número de papéis sociais. Os papéis sociais apareceram atrelados aos domínios da qualidade de vida e nenhum dos estudos utilizou um instrumento específico para papéis sociais. Conclusões: A necessidade de maior número de estudos com aprofundamento sobre os aspectos centrais do tema se fez notar, devido à importância percebida sobre a influência dos papéis sociais na qualidade de vida.


Subject(s)
Quality of Life , Schizophrenia , Review Literature as Topic
8.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 35(3): 248-253, Jul-Sep. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687940

ABSTRACT

Objectives: a) To perform a systematic and meta-analytic review to verify whether the Simulated Public Speaking Task (SPST) leads to a greater increase in self-rated anxiety than in physiological correlates of anxiety; and b) to compare the results obtained with the SPST with an actual public speaking task involving healthy volunteers. Methods: a) The PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were searched for studies involving the SPST prior to 2012. Eleven publications were eligible and provided data from 143 healthy volunteers for meta-analysis; b) 48 university students without somatic or psychiatric disorders were divided into three experimental groups of 16 subjects to undergo one of the following: SPST, real-world public speaking task (real-world), and control situation (control). Results: The meta-analysis showed that the SPST induced a significant increase in the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) anxiety factor, but no significant increases in systolic blood pressure or heart rate. The empirical study showed that the real-world public speaking task increased heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure significantly more than the control and SPST conditions. Conclusions: These results suggest that real public speaking might be better than SPST in inducing experimental anxiety. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety/physiopathology , Anxiety/psychology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Speech/physiology , Self Report
9.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 34(4): 454-466, Dec. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662752

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Mounting evidence suggests that the limbic system is pathologically involved in cases of psychiatric comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Our objective was to develop a conceptual framework describing how neuropathological and connectivity changes might contribute to the development of psychosis and to the potential neurobiological mechanisms that cause schizophrenia-like psychosis in TLE patients. METHODS: In this review, clinical and neuropathological findings, especially brain circuitry of the limbic system, were examined together to enhance our understanding of the association between TLE and psychosis. Finally, the importance of animal models in epilepsy and psychiatric disorders was discussed. CONCLUSIONS: TLE and psychiatric symptoms coexist more frequently than chance would predict. Damage and deregulation among critical anatomical regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and the temporal, frontal and cingulate cortices, might predispose TLE brains to psychosis. Studies of the effects of kindling and injection of neuroactive substances on behavior and electrophysiological patterns may offer a model of how limbic seizures in humans increase the vulnerability of TLE patients to psychiatric symptoms.


OBJETIVO: Existem cada vez mais evidências de que o sistema límbico está envolvido na patologia das comorbidades psiquiátricas em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT). Nosso objetivo foi elaborar um desenho conceitual descrevendo como aspectos neuropatológicos e de conectividade podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de psicose em pacientes com ELT. MÉTODOS: Nesta revisão, achados clínicos e neuropatológicos, e especialmente os aspectos da circuitaria límbica, foram examinados em conjunto para auxiliar nossa compreensão sobre a associação entre ELT e psicose. Achados em modelos animais de epilepsia e esquizofrenia também foram levados em consideração. CONCLUSÕES: ELT e comorbidades psiquiátricas coexistem com maior frequência que o predito pela associação ao acaso. Dano e desregulação entre estruturas anatômicas críticas, como hipocampo, amígdala, tálamo, e córtices temporal, frontal e cingulado podem predispor o cérebro com ELT à psicose. Estudos sobre efeitos comportamentais e eletrofisiológicos do abrasamento elétrico e injeções de substâncias neuroativas em modelos animais podem oferecer pistas sobre como crises límbicas em humanos aumentam a vulnerabilidade de pacientes com ELT a sintomas psiquiátricos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Limbic System , Psychotic Disorders , Amygdala/pathology , Amygdala/physiopathology , Comorbidity , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/psychology , Hippocampus/pathology , Hippocampus/physiopathology , Limbic System/pathology , Limbic System/physiopathology , Models, Animal , Psychotic Disorders/pathology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Risk Factors , Thalamus/pathology , Thalamus/physiopathology
10.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 34(supl.1): 104-110, June 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638691

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To review and describe studies of the non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD), as an anxiolytic drug and discuss its possible mechanisms of action. METHOD: The articles selected for the review were identified through searches in English, Portuguese, and Spanish in the electronic databases ISI Web of Knowledge, SciELO, PubMed, and PsycINFO, combining the search terms "cannabidiol and anxiolytic", "cannabidiol and anxiolytic-like", and "cannabidiol and anxiety". The reference lists of the publications included, review articles, and book chapters were handsearched for additional references. Experimental animal and human studies were included, with no time restraints. RESULTS: Studies using animal models of anxiety and involving healthy volunteers clearly suggest an anxiolytic-like effect of CBD. Moreover, CBD was shown to reduce anxiety in patients with social anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Future clinical trials involving patients with different anxiety disorders are warranted, especially of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The adequate therapeutic window of CBD and the precise mechanisms involved in its anxiolytic action remain to be determined.


OBJETIVOS: Revisar e descrever os estudos do constituinte não psicotomimético da Cannabis sativa, o canabidiol (CBD), como ansiolítico e discutir seus possíveis mecanismos de ação. MÉTODO: Os artigos selecionados para a presente revisão foram identificados por meio de busca eletrônica em inglês, português e espanhol nos bancos de dados ISI Web of Knowledge, SciELO, PubMed e PsycINFO e combinando os termos "canabidiol e ansiolíticos", "canabidiol e semelhante ao ansiolítico" e "canabidiol e ansiedade". Foram também revisadas as listas de referências dos artigos incluídos, de revisões da literatura e de capítulos de livro. Incluímos trabalhos experimentais em humanos e em animais, sem limite de tempo. RESULTADOS: Estudos com modelos animais de ansiedade e envolvendo voluntários saudáveis sugerem claramente que o CBD possui efeitos ansiolíticos. Além disso, o CBD mostrou-se capaz de reduzir a ansiedade em pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade social. CONCLUSÃO: Futuros ensaios clínicos com pacientes portadores de diferentes transtornos de ansiedade, em especial pacientes com transtorno do pânico, obsessivo-compulsivo, ansiedade social e estresse pós-traumático, são oportunos. Além disso, ainda é necessário determinar a adequada faixa terapêutica do CBD e os exatos mecanismos envolvidos nessa ação ansiolítica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy , Cannabidiol/therapeutic use , Cannabis/chemistry , Disease Models, Animal
11.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 38(6): 238-246, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-625213

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: O transtorno de ansiedade social (TAS), apesar da baixa taxa de detecção e do alto índice de comorbidades associadas, é considerado uma condição tratável. Apesar da resposta estabelecida a diversas classes de medicamentos, os algoritmos para o tratamento do TAS necessitam de atualização constante. OBJETIVO: Realizar revisão sistemática da literatura no que diz respeito à eficácia dos tratamentos farmacológicos relativos ao TAS, a partir de estudos controlados, conduzidos no período de 2005 a 2010. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados os indexadores eletrônicos PsycoInfo, Lilacs e Medline, utilizando-se as palavras-chave: "social phobia or social anxiety and treatment". RESULTADOS: De acordo com critérios de inclusão adotados, 29 artigos foram incluídos e analisados. Mostram-se eficazes para o tratamento do TAS as seguintes drogas, de acordo com a classe: a) ISRSs: escitalopram, fluvoxamina, citalopram, GR205171 e sertralina; b) ISRSN: venlafaxina; c) IMAOs: fenelzina, moclobemina; d) aminoácidos: d-cicloserina; f) anticonvulsivantes: tiagabina. CONCLUSÃO: Os ISRSs e os ISRSNs têm seu uso estabelecido e ainda continuam sendo considerados primeira opção de tratamento. Porém, destaca-se o potencial futuro da d-cicloserina e dos anticonvulsivantes, com necessidade de um número maior de estudos controlados que confirmem os achado iniciais. A ação das diferentes drogas em nível neurobiológico, bem como dos tratamentos associados, necessita ainda ser mais explorada.


BACKGROUND: Social anxiety disorder (SAD), despite its low detection rates and high level of associated comorbidities, is considered a treatable condition. Although the condition's response to several drug classes is well established, the algorithms for the treatment of SAD require regular updating. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic literature review on the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for SAD based on controlled trials published between 2005 and 2010. METHOD: Searches were performed in the electronic databases PsycInfo, Lilacs, and Medline using the search terms "social phobia or social anxiety and treatment". RESULTS: In accordance with the inclusion criteria adopted, 29 articles were included and analyzed. The following drugs, grouped according to class, proved efficient to treat SAD: a) SSRIs: escitalopram, fluvoxamine, citalopram, GR205171, and sertraline; b) SNRI: venlafaxine; c) MAOIs: phenelzine, moclobemide; d) amino acids: f-cycloserine; and (e) anticonvulsants: tiagabine. DISCUSSION: The use of SSRIs and SNRIs to treat SAD is well established and these are still considered the first-line treatment for the condition; however, evidence suggests the future potential of D-cycloserine and anticonvulsants, whose efficacy must be confirmed by further controlled trials. The action profiles of the different medications used to treat SAD at the neurobiological level, as well as that of associated treatments, need to be explored in greater depth.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Phobic Disorders/therapy , Psychopharmacology
12.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(6): 1246-1260, jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552377

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar pedidos de interconsulta psiquiátrica realizados para dois hospitais gerais universitários brasileiros e avaliar a aplicabilidade de um protocolo de registro de interconsulta psiquiátrica (PRISMe). Foi realizada análise dos pedidos de interconsulta, do PRISMe anexado a eles e o número total de pedidos de interconsulta incluídos na amostra foi 541 (438 pedidos de interconsulta do HCFMRP-USP e 103 pedidos de interconsulta do HU-UFSC). Observou-se maior freqüência de solicitação para pacientes do sexo feminino, caucasianos, entre 31 a 60 anos e casados. Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais freqüentes foram depressão, transtornos de adaptação e de personalidade. Os resultados estão de acordo com a literatura nacional e internacional e as diferenças encontradas podem ser atribuídas às diferenças na infra-estrutura das instituições e nos contextos sócio-econômicos nos quais estão inseridas. Achados do presente estudo demonstram a aplicabilidade do PRISMe e sugerem que podem facilitar a sistematização da obtenção de achados clínico-demográficos e a comparabilidade entre as diferenças.


The objective of the present report was to compare consultative psychiatric services in two Brazilian university hospitals and to evaluate the applicability of a standardized protocol (PRISMe) for recording psychiatric liaison consultations. Analyses of psychiatric consultations and the attached protocol were performed. 541 consecutive liaison consultations were included in the final sample (438 consecutive consultations from the Federal university hospital in São Paulo and 103 from the Federal university hospital in Santa Catarina). In both hospitals, the majority of patients were female, married, white, and 31 to 60 years of age. Depression and adjustment and personality disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses, which could explain the higher referral of female patients. The results are consistent with the Brazilian and international literature, and the differences between the two hospitals could be related to both logistical differences between the consultative psychiatric services and the socioeconomic contexts. The findings confirm the applicability of the PRISMe and suggest that systematization of clinical and demographic information is important for future comparative studies.


Subject(s)
Hospitals, General , Interprofessional Relations , Length of Stay , Psychiatry , Referral and Consultation , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/therapy , Brazil , Unified Health System
13.
Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.) ; 1(1): 21-26, Jan.-June 2008.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614711

ABSTRACT

The processing of facial identity and emotion in schizophrenia and its relation with these patients' cognitive and social functioning has been extensively studied over the last 25 years. In this paper, the results of 32 studies indexed in the PubMed database and published between 2001 and 2005 are analyzed and synthesized. Following the description of the problem and presentation of current hypotheses, methodological aspects and findings concerning the processing of facial emotion and identity are discussed. The analysis shows that, despite the growing attention dedicated to the theme and the provision of more specific results, the question of dependence/ independence between the two processes - emotion and identity recognition - and between these and the pervasive cognitive deficits found in schizophrenia remains unanswered.

14.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 7(25): 1550-1554, Apr.-June 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-521313

ABSTRACT

Aims: Thanks to advances in osseointegration, oral rehabilitation specialists have had the option of using implants to improve retention and stability in treatments with complete dentures. This study compared the masticatory muscle electromyographic activity in implant-supported overdenture wearers, complete denture wearers and dentate individuals. The electromyographic activity of the right and left masseter muscles, and the right and left anterior temporalis muscles was analyzed in 10 implant-supported overdenture wearers (Group 1), 10 conventional complete denture wearers (Group 2), and 10 dentate individuals (Group 3), with mean age of 65 years, at rest and during postural position maintenance. The analysis was performed using the MyoSystem-Br1 electromyographer with differential active electrodes. Analysis of variance tests were carried out to compare the groups and muscles and revealed different electromyographic values that were statistically significant at 1% significance level. Duncan’s pos-hoc test showed that Group 3 presented the smallest values (pd”0.01). The electromyographic contraction pattern was similar between Groups 1 and 3 (p>0.01), and hyperactivity of anterior temporalis muscles was observed in Group 2 (pd”0.01). Conclusions: dentate individuals had smaller electromyographic values of masticatory muscles and the overdenture use caused electromyographic contraction patterns similar to those of dentate individuals in both positions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Denture, Complete , Denture, Overlay , Masticatory Muscles , Electromyography , Geriatric Dentistry
15.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(4b): 1216-1219, dez. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-477774

ABSTRACT

The hypothesis that schizophrenia involves aberrant inter-hemispheric communication has a long pedigree, however its precise role remains unclear. We therefore report the case of a total agenesis of the corpus callosum in a 21-year-old man with childhood-onset schizophrenia. The presence of schizophrenia with very early onset on absence of corpus callosum offers an opportunity to examine neurodevelopmental model and theories regarding to interhemispheric communication in the pathogenesis of psychosis.


A hipótese que a esquizofrenia envolve comunicação inter-hemisférica aberrante possui longa tradição, entretanto seu papel permanece incerto. Nós relatamos um caso de agenesia total do corpo caloso em um homem de 21 anos portador de esquizofrenia de início na infância. A associação de esquizofrenia de início precoce na ausência de corpo caloso oferece uma oportunidade para exame do modelo neurodesenvolvimental e de teorias que envolvem a comunicação interemisférica na patogênese da psicose.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Corpus Callosum/abnormalities , Schizophrenia, Childhood/etiology , Electroencephalography , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Schizophrenia, Childhood/pathology
16.
J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol ; 13(4): 163-167, Dec. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-476671

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A epilepsia traz consigo um risco aumentado de desenvolvimento de distúrbios psiquiátricos. Pacientes com epilepsia parcial têm um risco maior do que aqueles com epilepsia generalizada idiopática. Além disso, a condição crônica das crises parece ser um fator importante no risco aumentado. Os sintomas resultam de mecanismos psicopatológicos muito diversos entre os pacientes. As classificações são baseadas na sintomatologia psiquiátrica, na presença ou ausência de distúrbios da consciência, em anormalidades do EEG e na relação temporal entre os sintomas e as crises. RESULTADOS: Comorbidades psiquiátricas em epilepsia são muito freqüentes, especialmente aquelas que têm o lobo temporal como área epileptogênica principal. As desordens com maior prevalência são os distúrbios de humor como depressão maior, ansiedade e psicose. CONCLUSÃO: A epilepsia do lobo temporal per se, não pode ser considerada um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de sintomas psiquiátricos, ou mais severos, dentre os pacientes com epilepsia parcial. Fatores concomitantes como duração da epilepsia e freqüência de crises podem ter um papel adicional importante. O reconhecimento mais acurado das comorbidades psiquiátricas poderá ajudar no desenvolvimento e implementação de programas apropriados de diagnóstico e tratamento, assim como melhorar o devir e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com epilepsia.


INTRODUCTION: Several studies have reported an increased risk for psychiatric disturbances in patients with epilepsy. It is assumed that the risk is higher for patients with partial epilepsy in comparison with patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Besides, the persistence of seizures in some patients and the psychosocial impact of epilepsy seem to be important factors for the increased risk. The symptoms and the underlying psychopathology vary considerably among patients. Psychiatric comorbidities are based on the psychiatric symptomatology, the presence or absence of disturbance of consciousness, the EEG abnormalilies, and in the temporal relation between symptoms and seizures. RESULTS: Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy are very common, especially in patients who have the temporal lobe as epileptogenic foci. Psychiatric disorders with a high prevalence in epilepsy include mood disorders such as major depression, anxiety, and psychosis. CONCLUSION: Temporal lobe epilepsy per se cannot be considered a risk factor in developing more or more severe symptoms of psychopathology in patients with partial epilepsy. Concomitant factors, such as the duration of epilepsy and seizure frequency may play an additional role. Better recognition of psychiatric comorbidities will help to develop and implement appropriate diagnostic and treatment programs, and improve functional outcomes and quality of life in people with epilepsy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Depression/etiology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology , Anxiety/etiology , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)
17.
Braz. dent. j ; 18(2): 163-167, 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-466512

ABSTRACT

This study to assessed the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by means of the frequency distribution of data for 218 dentistry students from a Brazilian public university using the Fonseca's questionnaire. The group consisted of 96 men and 122 women, with an average age of 20 years. Of the students, 53.21 percent showed some level of TMD: 35.78 percent mild TMD 11.93 percent moderate and 5.5 percent severe. Women were the most affected group, with 63.11 percent showing some level of TMD, against 40.62 percent of men. When considering only severe TMD, women are approximately 9 times more affected than men. Students with any level of TMD showed marked characteristics: 76.72 percent considered themselves tense people; 71.55 percent reported to clench or grind their teeth; 65.52 percent reported clicking of the temporomandibular joint; 64.66 percent reported frequent headache and 61.21 percent neck pain. In conclusion, clinical signs and symptoms of TMD can occur in young population and this information is of great importance for the early diagnosis of the dysfunction.


Avaliou-se a prevalência de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) através da distribuição da freqüência de dados obtidos em 218 estudantes de Odontologia da FORP-USP usando o questionário Fonseca. A amostra foi dividida em 96 homens e 122 mulheres (idade média=20 anos). 53,21 por cento apresentaram algum grau de DTM, sendo 35,78 por cento DTM leve, 11,93 por cento moderada e 5,5 por cento severa. As mulheres foram mais afetadas; 63,11 por cento apresentaram algum grau de DTM contra 40,62 por cento dos homens. Considerando somente DTM severa, as mulheres foram cerca de 9 vezes mais afetadas que os homens. Os estudantes com DTM em qualquer grau apresentaram características marcantes como: 76,72 por cento se consideram pessoas tensas; 71,55 por cento apertam ou rangem os dentes; 65,52 por cento têm ruídos na ATM; 64,66 por cento apresentam dor de cabeça com freqüência e 61,21 por cento dor na nuca ou torcicolo. Conclui-se que sinais e sintomas de DTM estão presentes em população jovem, sendo estes importantes para o diagnóstico precoce da disfunção.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Bruxism/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Headache/epidemiology , Neck Pain/epidemiology , Prevalence , Sex Factors , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/classification , Young Adult
18.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 34(5): 223-233, 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-470338

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: A síndrome de burnout é conseqüente a prolongados níveis de estresse no trabalho e compreende exaustão emocional, distanciamento das relações pessoais e diminuição do sentimento de realização pessoal. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito da síndrome no Brasil e em outros países, considerando sua prevalência, possíveis fatores de risco para seu desenvolvimento, sua associação com outros transtornos psiquiátricos e conseqüências para o indivíduo e a organização em que trabalha. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando-se a base de dados da MedLine, Scielo, American Psychiatry Association, Evidence-Based Mental Health, American College of Physicians, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, National Guideline Clearinghouse e da Organização Mundial da Saúde no período compreendido entre 1985 e 2006. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência da síndrome de burnout ainda é incerta, mas dados sugerem que acomete um número significativo de indivíduos, variando de aproximadamente 4 por cento a 85,7 por cento, conforme a população estudada. Pode apresentar comorbidade com alguns transtornos psiquiátricos, como a depressão. Os efeitos do burnout podem prejudicar o profissional em três níveis: individual (físico, mental, profissional e social), profissional (atendimento negligente e lento ao cliente, contato impessoal com colegas de trabalho e/ou pacientes/clientes) e organizacional (conflito com os membros da equipe, rotatividade, absenteísmo, diminuição da qualidade dos serviços). Mais pesquisas devem ser realizadas para que mudanças positivas nas organizações de trabalho sejam baseadas em evidências científicas.


BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome is consequent of prolonged levels of stress in the work’s environment. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this article are to obtain information about the syndrome’s prevalence in Brazil and in other countries, the risk factors responsible for its development, its association with psychiatric disorders and consequences for the individual and for the organization. METHODS: It was carried out a review using database from MedLine, Scielo, American Psychiatry Association, Evidence-Based Mental Health, American College of Physicians, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, National Guideline Clearinghouse and from World Health Organization, between 1985 and 2006. CONCLUSION: The prevalence is still uncertain, but data suggest that it could affect a significant number of individuals, range from aproximately 4 percent to 85.7 percent according to the studied population. It could be presented as a comorbidity with some psychiatric illnesses like depressive disorder. The effects of burnout could interfere negatively in the individual level (physical, mental, professional and social); professional level (slow and negligent service to the patient/customer, impersonal contact with colleagues and/or patient/customers); and organizational level (conflict with the team’s members, turnover, absenteeism, diminishing of service’s quality). More researches should be carried out to organizations make positive changes based in scientific evidences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Mental Disorders
19.
J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol ; 12(3): 131-134, Sept. 2006. graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-450954

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Em modelos animais de epilepsia, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) tem sua expressão proporcional à intensidade de crises. A HSP90, dentre diversas ações, regula a sintase neuronal do óxido nítrico e proteínas do citoesqueleto. Devido ao provável papel protetor de HSP70 e à relação de HSP90 com proteínas envolvidas na epileptogênese, decidimos investigar a expressão imunohistoquímica destas proteínas na epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial (ELTM). MÉTODOS: Hipocampos de pacientes ELTM fármaco-resistentes foram obtidos durante o procedimento cirúrgico e hipocampos controle foram obtidos de necrópsias. Os espécimes obtidos foram tratados igualmente e submetidos a imunohistoquímica. Medidas de imuno-reatividade positiva foram obtidas com o software ImageJ. RESULTADOS: Nossas medidas mostraram menor expressão de HSP70 e HSP90 no hipocampo de pacientes epilépticos do que nos controles em praticamente todas as regiões do hipocampo. Para HSP70 as diferenças significativas foram encontradas na região subicular e para HSP90 em todas, exceto fascia dentata e subículo. CONCLUSÃO: Diferente dos achados em modelos animais, nossos resultados indicam que crises crônicas nos pacientes ELTM não são estímulo suficiente para ativação exacerbada de HSP70 e HSP90. Condições inerentes à ELTM podem ser determinantes desta menor expressão. Ainda, nossos achados sugerem que a baixa expressão de HSPs pode estar relacionada a manutenção das crises.


OBJECTIVE: In animal models of epilepsy, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has its expression proportional to seizure severity. Among several functions on biological systems, HSP90 regulates nitric oxide synthase and cytoskeletal proteins. Due to the plausible protective role of HSP70 and the relationship of HSP90 with proteins involved in epileptogenesis, we looked at HSP70 and 90 immunohistochemical expression in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS: Hippocampi were obtained from medically intractable TLE patients and control hippocampi were from necropsy cases. Specimens were equally treated and submitted to imunohistochemistry to HSP70 and HSP90. Positive immunoreactivity was estimated using the software ImageJ. RESULTS: Our results showed significant lower expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in epileptic patients when compared to controls in almost all hippocampal regions. To HSP70 subicular region exhibited significant difference and to HSP90 all regions, except fascia dentata and subiculum. CONCLUSION: Unlike the reports in animal models the present results indicate that chronic seizures in TLE patients are not sufficient to induce HSP70 and HSP90 activation. Typical attributes inherent to TLE condition may be determinants of low HSP expression. In Addition, our results suggest that low expression of HSPs in epileptic groups may be related to seizure maintenance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunohistochemistry/instrumentation , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/analysis , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/analysis , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
20.
Braz. dent. j ; 16(3): 237-242, set. -dez. 2005. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419849

ABSTRACT

A eletromiografia, como método de estudo, tem sido bastante utilizada e vem contribuindo para elucidar o desempenho da musculatura peribucal em vários processos fisiológicos como a mastigação, deglutição e fala, e é um instrumento importante na análise das bases fisiopatológicas das mudanças que ocorrem nesta musculatura. Muitos trabalhos têm sido conduzidos em pacientes com deficiência auditiva e de fala, mas nenhum deles avaliou a musculatura responsável pela fala. Este estudo comparou medidas eletromiográficas dos fascículos superior e inferior do músculo orbicular da boca em indivíduos portadores de deficiência auditiva neurossensorial profunda (surdos) com indivíduos clinicamente normais (ouvintes). A análise eletromiográfica foi realizada em 20 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 18,5 anos, divididos em dois grupos: o primeiro grupo constituído por 10 indivíduos portadores de deficiência auditiva neurossensorial profunda bilateral e o segundo por indivíduos clinicamente normais. Cinco condições clínicas foram avaliadas: sucção, sopro, projeção e compressão labial e emissão da sílaba "Pa". Verificou-se que os pacientes surdos apresentaram hiperatividade muscular em todas as condições clínicas analisadas, e que o fascículo inferior do músculo orbicular da boca apresentou os níveis mais altos de atividade eletromiográfica, sugerindo a necessidade de um tratamento fonoaudiológico, com enfoque em motricidade oral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Masticatory Muscles , Palatal Muscles , Pterygoid Muscles , Electromyography , Mouth , Persons With Hearing Impairments
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