ABSTRACT
Griseofulvin is a well known fungicide drug. It is used to treat dermatomycosis in many species. It has toxic effects on the liver, kidney, blood and chromosomes on prolonged use. This study was conducted to evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of chronic oral administration of griseofulvin on adult albino rats. The kidneys will be investigated histopathologically by light and electron microscopes and biochemically by measuring blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. This study was conducted on 30 normal adult albino rats of uniform strain. The rats were divided into three groups equally, The 1[st] group was used as a negative control group, the 2[nd] [positive control group] each rat was given 1 mL of olive oil orally once dally, the 3[rd] group each rat was given griseofulvin orally dissolved in 1 mL olive oil in a dose of 2500 mg/kg body weight [1120 of LD50] daily for 12 weeks. The affected glomeruli appeared shrinked with wide Bowman's spaces and adhesion of glomeruli to their Bowman's capsules. Most of the kidney tubules appeared distorted. The mean values of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in griseofulvin treated group showed a statistically significant increase after 12 weeks when compared with positive control group. It can be concluded that griseofulvin is nephrotoxic on chronic administration to adult albino rats
ABSTRACT
Cadmium is an extremely toxic element that could produce a remarkable diversity of toxic effects. Cadmium is teratogenic to laboratory animals but no studies demonstrated that cadmium is a human teratogen. Zinc supplementation prior to cadmium administration prevents several of the effects observed when cadmium is given alone. The aim of this study was to investigate the teratogenic effect of orally ingested cadmium chloride on the skeletal system and the external features of rat off springs and the role of co-administered zinc sulfate in preventing or ameliorating such effects. The study was conducted on 40 normal adult female albino rats and 20 male albino rats of comparable age and weight for mating. After mating female rats were divided equally into 4 groups: Group I [Control group] each rat received orally 1ml of normal saline daily. Group II [Zn-treated group] each rat received orally 12mg/ kg/day of zinc sulfate. Group III [Cd-treated group] each rat received orally S0mg/ kg/ day of cadmium chloride. Group IV [Cd-and Zn-treated group] each rat received orally 12mg/ kg/ day of zinc sulfate and S0mg/ kg/ day of cadmium chloride. All female rats were sacrificed 12-24 hour before the expected day of delivery. When compared to the fetuses of the control group, fetuses of cadmium treated rats [group III] showed statistically significant reduction in the number of off springs per mother, the birth weight, the fetal length and the percentage of deaths in the off springs, while there was a significant increase in the rate of resorptions and abnormal forms. There was no significant change between zinc and cadmium treated group [group IV] and the control group [group I] in the number of off springs, the ·birth weight, the fetal length, the death rate and the rate of abnormal forms. While both group III and group IV showed significant increase in the rate of resorption and the rate of skeletal abnormalities as compared to the control group [group I]. It could be concluded that oral zinc sulfate co-administered with cadmium chloride could partially alleviate the teratogenic effect of cadmium but not the skeletal abnormalities
ABSTRACT
Fluoroquinolones are known to have an adverse effect on growing cartilage and endochondral ossification in children. Recently, a number of reports showed that fluoroquinolones have toxic effects of on articular cartilage. However, the mechanism has not been defined. The aim of this work is to investigate the toxic effects of Levofloxacin on fracture-repair in adult albino rats through the radiographic [X-ray], histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. Ninety adult albino rats weighing about 200 gm were equally divided into 3 groups: Group I : Fractured Control group: Enclosed non-displaced femoral fracture was induced in the rats of this group and left for healing. Group II: Fractured control rats received distilled water. Group III: A femoral fracture was induced then, after 1 week, the rats received daily single oral dose of Levofloxacin 50 mg/kg, for 3 weeks. The fracture site of each rat femur is investigated for fracture-healing process by radiological [X-ray], histopathologic and immunohistochemical parameters at the following stages of the study: a] Immediately after induction of the fracture b] After 1 week of induction of the fracture c] After 4 weeks of the induction of the fracture. After 4 weeks of the study, the femoral fracture sites revealed that levotloxacin-treated group showed a significant delayed healing with less bridging bone of the fracture, lower histologic grade as represented by less mature callus detected by the presence of more cartilage and less woven bone and reduced proliferation rate of mesenchymal cells as compared with the fracture control group. It is concluded that levofloxacin antibiotic has a significant toxic effects on fractured bone represented by delayed healing process. Regarding the exact mechanism, further studies on the effects of fluoroquinolones on fracture-repair process seems warranted
ABSTRACT
Heroin addiction markedly affects the nutritional and metabolic status and frequently lead to malnutrition. The aim of our study is to compare the serum leptin concentration in 20 patients with heroin addiction before and after 6 months of detoxification and naltrexone maintenance treatment program with the group of age, sex and body mass index-matched healthy subjects. Basal serum leptin in heroin addicts was significantly decreased [3.2 +/- 0.4 versus 4.3+/-0.5ng/ml; P<0.05]. Moreover, positive correlation of serum leptin levels with body mass index was lost in heroin addicts compared to control group. Six months of naltrexone maintenance treatment program, serum leptin level was normalized. In conclusion serum leptin levels are markedly decreased in heroin addict patients and normalized in naltrexone maintenance treated patients