Breast cancer: genetics, risk factors, molecular pathology and treatment

Breast cancer within incident of one million new cases each year has become one of the most common malignancies and leading cause of death among females. This disease is comprised of about 18% of women cancers. The availability of early detection and improved treatments may decrease the mortality rates which reflected in the United States and many other western countries. Breast cancer in over the past 20 years may also have contributed to the Increasing age, nulliparity, positive family history of breast cancer, and use of menopausal hormone therapy were positively risk factors associated with breast cancer. Therefore, studying this malignity is prominent due to its mortality world wild. Evaluation and study of different aspects of breast cancer have been established during past decays which, in this review, it is presented and discussed

Dietary folate intake and concentration of folate in serum and red blood cell in a group of female university students in Tehran, Iran

Adequate intake of folate has an important role in the prevention of nutritional anemia and other complications in childbearing age women. This study was undertaken to determine dietary folate intake and concentration of folate in serum and red blood cell [RBC] in female students of a medical university in Tehran, the capital of Iran. In this cross sectional study, 346 female students were randomly selected from students' lists of eight schools at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Those who were interested and eligible participated in this study. For each student, questionnaires about general characteristics were completed. Dietary folate intake was assessed by 3 days food recall questionnaire. These data were analyzed by Food Processor [FP]. Folate in serum and RBC were determined by Radio Immunoassay [RIA]. The results showed that mean age and body mass index in these students were 21.4+/-4.2 yrs and 22.2+/-3.2 kg/m2,respectively. Mean of 3 days folate intake was 239.4+/-101.8 micro g/d. The majority of subjects [93%] did not meet the reference dietary intake for folate. Mean serum folate levels in whole population was 7.8+/-3.6 ng/ml and RBC folate was 249.6+/-124.9 ng/ml. No correlation was found between folate concentrations in serum and RBC with folate intake from food. The result of this study showed that folate intake of students is very low. Therefore, appropriate intervention is necessary for adequate intake of folate