Effect of bhang on testicular tissue and serum testosterone level of young and adult albino rats through chronic close exposure to bhang

Bhang is the raw dried leaves of the plant cannabis sativa, it is the mostly abused illegal substance in Egypt, especially among youth and young subjects. In order to discover the occult dangerous effects on both cellular morphology and function of the testicular tissue, this study was carried on. Three groups [a: control, b: experimental, and c: recovery] of rats in every age group; Group I [young subjects] and Group II [Adult subjects], every group included 20 rats, were included in the study, namely control, experimental, and recovery groups. Members of the groups Ib, Ic, IIb, and IIb, were exposed to bhang smoke daily [15 minutes/day x 90 days], after which period the members of the groups Ib and lIb were sacrified, whereas members of the groups Ic and IIc were subjected to 60-day-period of recovery [non-exposure], after which period they were also sacrified. Prior to sacrifaction, a blood sample was withdrawn from each animal to measure its serum testosterone level. After sacrifaction, testicular specimens were taken, fixed, and examined by light and electron microscopy. Results revealed that the percentage of the average numbers of testicular spermatogonia in group Ib/Ia was 51.6%, that of sepermatocytes 70%, whereas spermatogonia in group Ilb/lla was 22.4%, and that of sepermatocytes in group Ilb/lla 55.5%. On the other hand, the percentage of the average numbers of spermatogonia in group Ilc/Ila was 19.2%, primary sperrnatocytes 64.9%. Concerning percentage of average of the number of spermatogonia in groups Ic/Ia was 13.8%. Serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased especially in the groups Ib and Ic. Thus, it is to conclude from this study that young subjects taking bhang could be exposed to the risk of infertility and/or erectile dysfunction, with a specifically magnified danger of those starting before puberty

Modulation of ulcerogenicity of Ibuprofen and Indomethacin via blocking the H[2] receptors in the stomach

Among the commonest side effects of NSAIDs are the gastrointestinal manifestations, which could reach gastric erosions, ulcerations, or recurrent liberations in people using NSAID for long durations. This provided idea of accomplishing this work in order to study the possibility of avoiding these side effects, which stand as a strong barrier against the regular use of these drugs. This study aimed at finding a way out from these serious side effects such as gastric ulcers, so that a member of the H[2] receptor antagonists; namely ranitidine, was thought to accompany the treatment with indomethacin being the classic example of the NSAIDs, and ibuprofen; which is one of the most commonly used NSAIDs. The ulcer index was the measure to reach a fair judgment comparing the use and the non-use of ranitidine with indomethacin and ibuprofen therapies. Results were much better when ranitidine was taken as an adjuvant treatment to indomethacin and ibuprofen, a situation indicating the necessity of considering prescribing one of the H[2] receptor antagonists with the NSAIDs therapy, especially in prolonged use

Studying the effect of chlorpromazine on handwriting

Handwriting is an acquired skill. It is one of the most important parameters of the personal identification. It involves muscular actions and reflexes. There must be canstant coordination between the wrist and the arm muscles. Centrally acting drugs such as chlorpromazine, can exhibit some interventions, which interfere with the process of writing. This work aimed at studying the effect of chlorpromazine on the handwriting via comparing the handwriting of the same person both before and after the event of taking the drug from different technical points of view. The statistical results were found to be highly significant, also it was found that the duration after the drug intake, the more marked the effect on the handwriting. This is due to the effect of chlorpromazine on CNS, namely the neurological deterioration

Studying the effect of parkinsonism on handwriting

Handwriting is an acquired skill. It is one of the most important parameters of the personal identification. It involves muscular actions and reflexes. There must be canstant coordination between the wrist and the arm muscles. Diseases of the CNS such as Parkinsonism can exhibit some interventions, which interfere with the process of writing. This work aimed at studyingg the effect of Parkinsonism on the handwriting via comparing the handwriting of the same person both before and after the disease from different technical points of view. The statistical results were found to be highly significant, also there was found to assume that the severer the disease, the more marked is the effect on the handwriting and the more the statistical significance. This is due to the effect of Parkinsonism on CNS, and on the musculoskeletal system involved in the process of handwriting

Effects of anabolic androgenic steroid use on cardiovascular status and reproduction in adult male athletes

Anabolic androgenic steroid [AAS] abuse by man represents a significant health risk due to the potential long-term negative physical sequelae. The present work aims detect the effects of chronic [AAS] use in adult males and their consequences on cardiovascular and gonadal status. This study was divided into two parts: The human part was carried on eighteen strength athletes self administered several steroids [oral and intramuscular] simultaneously for about 14 weeks. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were assessed during use and 6 week after drug cessation, as indicators of the risk for cardiovascular disease. Plasma sex hormones as testosterone [T], luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle stimulating hormone [FSH] were also determined to clarify the effect of AAS on the testicular endocrine function. The experimental part was carried on 40 rats. They were divided into two groups: Control and an AAS-treated group. Each rat in AAS group administered 5 mg/kg body wt testosterone propionate [TP] intramuscularly twice weekly for 8 workd. At the end, plasma sex hormones, intra-testicular T levels were assessed and testes of the sacrificed animals were examined histologically as well. The results of the human part showed significant increase in LDL level and significant fall in HDL. These changes were paralleled by significant increasse in Apo lipoproteins-B concentration and decreasse in both Apo-A1 and Lp [a] concentration. One the other hand, sex hormones were significantly suppressed. Six week after AAS withdrawal, lipoprotein variables had not returned to baseline concentrations. As regard the experimental part; tests weight and testicular sperm numbers were markedly decreased compared with the control. Testicular tissue examination revealed arrest of advanced spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules and a severe depletion of the number of Leydig cells. Plasma levels of FSH and LH were decreased. Plasma T levels remained at the normal range throughout the entire treatment duration. Intra-testicular T levels were significantly reduced. It was concluded that administration of AAS produces comparable profound unfavorable effects on lipids and lipoproteins, leading to an increased atherogenic lipid profile and to great extent may be responsible for developing male subfertility during use