Descriptions of adults of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sachini Takaoka & Henry and S. (G.) williei Takaoka & Thapa in the S. (G.) gombakense species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from India

@#The Simulium gombakense species-group, one of the 15 species-groups of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein, is small, being represented by only 12 species, all of which are distributed in the Oriental Region. It is characterized by the pupal gill composed of an inflated structure and eight or ten slender filaments. Among the 12 species, S. sachini Takaoka & Henry, and S. williei Takaoka & Thapa were originally described from two pupae, and one pupa and two larvae, respectively, from Darjeeling, India. In the present paper, the adult females and males of these species are described for the first time from specimens reared from pupae collected at the type locality. Simulium sachini is distinctive in the female by the claw with a medium-sized basal tooth, and in the male by the somewhat enlarged, spindleshaped hind basitarsus and ventral plate with its ventral margin much depressed medially, while S. williei is characterized by the small number of male upper-eye (large) facets in 12 vertical columns and 13 or 14 horizontal rows and ventral plate much produced posteroventrally. Taxonomic notes are given to separate these two species in the adult stage from their related species.

Unmasking histoplasmosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient recently started on antiretroviral therapy

Histoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycoses among HIV-infected people. Patients with suppressed cell immunity mainly due to HIV are at increased risk of disseminated disease. Dermatological manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and cutaneous manifestations of histoplasmosis similar to an IRIS event have been previously described. We report the case of a 43-year-old male who presented with cutaneous disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum 4 months after the onset of the antiretroviral therapy and some improvement in the immune reconstitution. After 2 weeks of amphotericin B and itraconazole therapy, the scheduled treatment involved fluconazole maintenance therapy, which resulted in an improvement of his skin lesions.

Los Beatles y Lacan: un réquiem para la Edad Moderna

En esta obra su autor señala por qué, desde su perspectiva, los Beatles, prototipos del rock, marcaron el fin de la Edad Moderna. El análisis multidisciplinario que plantea hace especial hincapié en conceptos de la teoría lacaniana

Ultraviolet-based therapy for vitiligo: What's new.

Vitiligo is an ancient disease in which depigmented and hypopigmented macules appear on the skin. It is a disfiguring condition that may lead to severe psychological trauma. Among the many treatment modalities available for use in vitiligo, those using light therapy, and in particular ultraviolet (UV) light, are some of the most effective treatments. UV-based therapy includes phototherapy (narrowband UVB), photochemotherapy (psoralens with UVA), and targeted phototherapy (excimer laser and excimer lamp). It is important for any practitioner of UV-based therapy to understand the efficacy of each treatment type, as well as their respective adverse effects. In order to take full advantage of UV-based therapy, location, dosing, and photoadaptation must also be taken into account. This review discusses the various UV-based therapeutic options, adjuvant therapies, optimal dosing guidelines, appropriate patient selection, future treatment options, and recommendations based upon the current evidence and the authors' experience with vitiligo.

New world cutaneous leishmaniasis in a traveler: The first documented case in the Philippines

We describe New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania amazonensis), a disease not endemic in the Philippines, in a 45-year-old man with ulcerating lesions on his hand and leg ater returning from South America. The patient responded to treatment with liposomal amphotericin B. This imported case of leishmaniasis highlights the importance of obtaining a detailed travel history in patients with chronic, non-healing skin lesions which should lead to earlier recognition and treatment.

Congenital eruption cyst: a case report

Congenital pathologies are those existing at or dating from birth. Occurrence of congenital cystic lesions in the oral cavity is uncommon in neonates. Eruption cyst (EC) is listed among these unusual lesions. It occurs within the mucosa overlying teeth that are about to erupt and, according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of epithelial cysts of the jaws, EC is a separate entity. This paper presents a case of congenital EC successfully managed by close monitoring of the lesion, without any surgical procedure or tooth extraction. Eruption of the teeth involved, primary central incisors, occurred at the fourth month of age. During this time neither the child nor mother had any complication such as pain on sucking, refusal to feed, airway obstruction, or aspiration of fluids or teeth.

Patologias congênitas são aquelas que aparecem ao nascimento. A ocorrência de lesões císticas congênitas na cavidade bucal é rara em recém-nascidos. O cisto de erupção (CE) pode ser considerado como lesão rara que se localiza na mucosa que recobre um dente que está próximo do momento de sua erupção. De acordo com a classificação de cistos epiteliais dos maxilares, descrita pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), os CE são considerados uma entidade distinta. O presente relato descreve um caso clínico de um cisto congênito de erupção tratado com sucesso somente pelo acompanhamento da lesão, sem a necessidade de nenhuma intervenção cirúrgica ou extração dentária. A erupção dos dentes envolvidos (incisivos centrais decíduos) ocorreu aos 4 meses de idade e durante este período não houve reclamações da mãe e/ou da criança em relação a dor para sucção, recusa para se alimentar, obstrução das vias aéreas e aspiração de fluidos ou de dentes.

Interaction between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in rats--In-Chen-How and acetaminophen / 药学学报

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the interaction effects of In-Chen-How (Artemisia capillaries Thunb.) on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in rats. The rats were divided into control group (n = 8) without In-Chen-How and the pretreated group (n = 8) administered with In-Chen-How (approximately 1.0 mL x kg(-1), according to weight) for 5 consecutive days. Rats in the control group received water simultaneously. Each rat was then given acetaminophen. The pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen of the two groups were significantly different. In the In-Chen-How pretreated group, the maximum concentration of acetaminophen and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve were reduced about 58.4%, 56.7% and 55.4%. To further explain the results, liver microsomal suspensions were obtained from rats that were randomly divided into control and In-Chen-How pretreated group. The levels of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 in hepatic microsomal protein from pretreated group were increased as compared to that from the control group. It indicated that In-Chen-How can stimulate the activity of CYP isozymes. The changes in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen resulting from the administration of In-Chen-How are related to an increase in metabolic activity of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.

comparison of myocardial perfusion gated SPECT studies obtained at rest and after stress

To perform a comparison between post-stress and rest gated single-photon emission computer tomography [SPECT] myocardial perfusion imaging [MPI] studies to assess post-stress stunning and the variables underlying this phenomenon. This was a prospective study of 318 consecutive adult patients undergoing stress and rest gated SPECT using a 2-day 99mTc-tetrofosmin protocol. Bruce protocol treadmill stress [n = 93] or i.v. dipyridamole pharmacologic stress [n = 225] were used as stressors. Ejection fractions [EF] and left ventricular [LV] end-diastolic [EDV] and end-systolic volumes [ESV] were calculated using the Cedars Sinai Quantitative Gated SPECT software. Perfusion defects were visually scored using a 20-segment model to obtain summed stress scores. Statistical analysis was performed by applying paired t test and multi-regression. Statistically significant [p < 0.05] paired differences between post-stress and rest EF and ESV and type of stressing were noted. Results: Analysis of patient groups based on the type of stress showed significantly low EF on post-stress studies for both treadmill and dipyridamole stressing and also significantly high ESV on post-stress studies for dipyridamole. Multi-regression analysis using differences in post-stress and rest EF, EDV and ESV as dependent and summed stress scores, type of stress, delay time, previous myocardial infarction and size of LV as independent variables showed statistically significant associations between high summed stress scores [>13] and size of post-stress LV for EDV and ESV differences. High volumes were noted on post-stress studies. The magnitudes of the observed differences were well within the reproducibility of LV volume calculations. Patients showing stunning had significant ischemia or a dilated LV. The stunning manifested as high EDV and ESV differences. The magnitude of the differences observed in EF and LV volumes were not clinically significant