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Objective:To understand the problems and countermeasures of information support for dentofacial deformities patients, so as to provide reference for optimizing the whole process of information support for orthognathic-orthodontics treatment.Methods:Using a descriptive research method, 10 orthognathic surgery and orthodontics specialists from a tertiary level A hospital were selected for semi-structured interviews in August and September, 2019 using the method of target sampling. The QSR Nvivo 12.0 software was used for analysis by adopting traditional content analysis.Results:According to the analysis, medical experts believed that the problems of information support in the whole treatment process of orthognathic-orthodontics treatment include the following three aspects: information content problems (incomplete information content, lack of "time" dimension, patient's psychological expectation and treatment outcome information asymmetry, lack of information for main caregivers), difficulties in information support (clinical workload, professional limitations, many key time nodes), existing network information problems (poor quality of network information, lack of pertinence of information content and the existing network resources were not effectively utilized); and three suggestions were put forward: customizing the treatment schedule of patients, developing diversified information support methods, optimizing patient treatment process.Conclusion:Medical staff should pay attention to the construction and improvement of the whole treatment information support content of dentofacial deformities patients, pay attention to the diversity of information support methods, optimize the patient treatment process, encourage the health care to cooperate with the homogenization management of the whole treatment information support, and explore the information support system suitable for the situation of dentofacial deformities patients in China.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the kinetics of infiltrated T cell in murine acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) target organs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and its relationship with tissue pathological damage and aGVHD progress.@*METHODS@#Male C57BL/6 (H-2K@*RESULTS@#Compared with BMT group, the number of infiltrated T cells in aGVHD target organs including liver, lung and gut increased since day 7 in BMT+T group (P<0.05). On day 14, 28, 40 and 47 after transplantation, more infiltrated CD3@*CONCLUSION@#Pathological damage of aGVHD target organs is induced by CD3
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Animals , Male , Mice , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Graft vs Host Disease , Kinetics , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , T-Lymphocytes , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
Objective To understand the real experience of oral hygiene care of perioperative oral cancer patients. Methods Qualitative descriptive research was adopted. Semi- structure in depth interviews were conducted among 17 postoperative oral cancer patients. NVivo 11 was used to manage and sort out the original data, data was analyzed with the content analysis of Colaizzi. Results Six themes regarding oral hygiene care was extracted, including the diversity of methods of oral hygiene and the care provider, patients have limited knowledge about oral hygiene care and the relative education is lacking, the change of function, structure and the degree of comfort of mouth impact the oral hygiene care, patients′feedback on oral hygiene care is complicated, patients′oral care related emotional experience is rich, oral hygiene care experience of elderly and non-elderly patients with oral cancer has few difference. Conclusions The oral hygiene care of perioperative oral cancer patients needs to be further standardized, the instruction of patients′oral hygiene care needs to be enhanced, more attention should be paid to the popularization of disease knowledge, so as to optimize patients care and do a good job in disease prevention.
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Objective@#To understand the real experience of oral hygiene care of perioperative oral cancer patients.@*Methods@#Qualitative descriptive research was adopted. Semi-structure in depth interviews were conducted among 17 postoperative oral cancer patients. NVivo 11 was used to manage and sort out the original data, data was analyzed with the content analysis of Colaizzi.@*Results@#Six themes regarding oral hygiene care was extracted, including the diversity of methods of oral hygiene and the care provider, patients have limited knowledge about oral hygiene care and the relative education is lacking, the change of function, structure and the degree of comfort of mouth impact the oral hygiene care, patients′ feedback on oral hygiene care is complicated, patients′ oral care related emotional experience is rich, oral hygiene care experience of elderly and non-elderly patients with oral cancer has few difference.@*Conclusions@#The oral hygiene care of perioperative oral cancer patients needs to be further standardized, the instruction of patients′ oral hygiene care needs to be enhanced, more attention should be paid to the popularization of disease knowledge, so as to optimize patients care and do a good job in disease prevention.
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Objective Analyze current clinical practice guidelines related to pre-anesthesia as-sessment to provide a resource for healthcare providers (or institutions)seeking protocols of their own.Methods National and international guideline databases were searched along with healthcare or-ganizations and associations.Content analysis method was used to analyze clinical practice guidelines searched from internet and obtained in the database search.Results Five clinical practice guidelines were included.A total of 39 items related to pre-anesthesia assessment were identified and when divid-ed into 3 essential areas:1)past history and present medical,2)physical examination,and 3)labora-tory examination.There is no guidance to general anesthesia currently in China.Pre-anesthesia testing in the presence of specific clinical characteristics was recommended.Conclusion We should develop local clinical practice guidelines of preanesthesia assessment with consideration of the actual medical situations in China.
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Objective To establish an emergency care mode with fixed position and station for outpatient nurses and to evaluate the effectiveness of this mode.Methods Current problems in emergency care were analyzed,a system-improving team was formed,and the emergency care mode with fixed position and station for outpatient nurses was established.Emergency care start-up time,successful emergency rescue rate and rate of disputes and complaints caused by emergency issues were compared before and after application of the mode.Results After application,emergency care start-up time was reduced from (5.45-±1.21)min to (2.71±0.97)min;successful emergency rescue rate was increased from 82.5％ to 96.55％;rate of disputes and complaints caused by emergency issues was decreased from 12.5％ to 1.72％.All differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The emergency care mode with fixed position and station for outpatient nurses can shorten emergency care start-up time,increase successful emergency rescue rate,reduce rate of disputes and complaints caused by emergency issues,and further improve general emergency system of the hospital.
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Objective To analyze the compatibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with amphiphilic peptide three-dimensional gel.Methods Three healthy 3-week old SD rats were taken for separating femur and tibia to obtain BMSCs,the BMSCs surface antigen was detected by flow cytometry;the 10 mg/mL RGD-cyclic amphiphilic peptide solution was added into the same volume of DMEM/F12 culture medium,after a few seconds,which was self assemble into three-dimensional gel.Three dimensional gel structure was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).1 × 106 cells/mL BMSCs suspension and RGDcyclic amphiphilic peptide were mixed to form a 3D culture system,1 × 106 cells/mL BMSCs suspension was mixed with polylysine to form a 2D culture system,the serum-free culture was conducted;the CCK-8 method was used to observe the cell growth situation,calcein acetoxy methyl ester/propidium iodide (PI) double standard staining was performed.The effect of RGD-cyclic amphiphilic peptide on the proliferation of BMSCs was observed by fluorescence microscopy.Results The separated and cultured BMSCs highly expressed CD29 and CD90,but lowly expressed or did not express CD34 and CD45;TEM showed that the gel was composed of multiple empty nanofibers with the nanofiber diameter of 2-5 nm and length of 100-1 000 nm;the molecular weight of synthetic peptides detected by mass spectrometry (MS) was 1 256.37,which was consistent with the theoretical value;the HPLC analysis showed that RGD-amphiphilic peptide purity was 95.88 ％;the calcein acetoxyl methyl ester/PI double staining showed that in the 3D culture system,a few BMSCs died after 30 min and the cells began to proliferate after 12 h,the proliferation was more active than that of 2D culture,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);CCK-8 cell count showed that the proliferation activity of 3D culture system was higher than that of 2D culture system,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion RGD amphiphilic peptide has a good biocompatibility with BMSCs,and may become the tissue engineering scaffold material.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation of microRNA-155 (miR-155) expression with clinicopathological features of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and explore the value of miR-155 in prognostic assessment of PTC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected 86 pairs of fresh PTC and adjacent tissues to examine the expression of miR-155 using fluorescent quantitative PCR. miR-155 expressions in the tissues were analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological features of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the paired adjacent tissues, 69.8% (60/86) of the PTC tissues showed up-regulated miR-155 expression by 2.63∓2.73 folds. Up-regulated miR-155 expressions were associated with a larger tumor size (1.66∓0.96 vs 1.19∓0.52 cm, P=0.021), a higher likeliness of extrathyroid invasion (56.7% vs 23.1%, P=0.004), a higher rate of lymph node metastasis (70% vs 46.2%, P=0.036), a more advanced TNM stage, and a higher rate of III-IV stage of the tumor (20% vs 0%, P=0.014). The expression level of miR-155 in PTC tissues was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (r=0.531, P=0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PTC patients with miR-155 over-expression tend to have a greater tumor size, a greater likeliness of extrathyroid involvement, a higher rate of cervical lymph node metastasis and a more advanced TNM stage. The high expression of miR-155 in the tumor may indicate a poor prognosis of PTC patients.</p>
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Humans , Carcinoma, Papillary , Genetics , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Neck , Prognosis , Thyroid Neoplasms , Genetics , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone the variable region genes of human anti-IL1RAP (IL-1 receptor accessory protein) monoclonal antibodies (McAb) and to construct IL1RAP chimeric antigen receptors (CARs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The VH and VL DNA of IL1RAP single chain antibodies were amplified by RACE and overlap extension PCR from total RNA extracted from 3H6E10 and 10D8A7 hybridoma and ligated into specific IL1RAP single-chain variable fragments (scFv). CD8α transmembrane domain, CD137 intracellular domain, TCR ζ chain, human CD8α signal peptide and scFv-anti-IL1RAP were cloned into plasmid LV-lac. Recombinant lentiviruses were generated by co-transfection of recombinant plasmid LV-lac, pMD2. G, and psPAX2 helper vectors into 293FT packing cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The VH and VL genes of 2 human anti-IL1RAP McAb were acquired. The 3H6E10 VH and VL genes consisted of 402 bp and 393 bp encoding 134 and 131 aminoacid residues, respectively; 10D8A7 VH and VL genes consisted of 423 bp and 381 bp encoding 141 and 127 amine acid residues, respectively. Recombinant expression vertors LV-3H6E10 scFv-ICD and LV-10D8A7 scFv-ICD (ICD: CD8α transmembrane domain-CD137 intracellular domain-TCR ζ chain) were constructed. The target fragments were demonstrated by sequencing analysis. Recombinant plasmids were transfected into 293FT cells and lentiviral particles were acquired.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human anti-IL1RAP recombinant receptors are constructed successfully and lay a good foundation for the construction of IL1RAP-CAR killer T cell vaccine.</p>
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Humans , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Genetics , Cloning, Molecular , Genetic Vectors , Hybridomas , Immunoglobulin Variable Region , Genetics , Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein , Allergy and Immunology , Plasmids , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Antigen , Genetics , Single-Chain AntibodiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare and identify human monoclonal antibody against IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP), which is a new identified surface marker for leukemia stem cells (LSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with hybridoma cells (3H6E10, 10D8A7) and their ascites were collected. The monoclonal antibody against hu-IL1RAP specifically was purified from ascites, the nondenaturing-PAGE, ELISA and Western blot were used to detect the purity, titer and sensitivity of antibody.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two purified antibodies were obtained and named as 3H6E10 McAb and 10D8A7 McAb, whose purity was 95% and 94% respectively. The titer of two purified monoclonal antibodies was 1 : 81000 and specific conjugation of IL1RAP purified protein and endogenous protein from normal people and leukemia patients with purified antibodies were confirmed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The purified monoclonal antibodies which can specifically bind to hu-IL1RAP are successfully prepared, thus providing novel way to effectively clear LSC in the future.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antibody Specificity , Blotting, Western , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hybridomas , Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein , Leukemia , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neoplastic Stem CellsABSTRACT
Objective To realize the risk factors for postoperative healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in pa-tients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery,so as to take effective intervention measures and reduce the occurrence of HAI.Methods Prospective and retrospective survey were adopted to analyze the occur-rence of HAI and related risk factors for postoperative HAI in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery in 2013.Results Of 432 patients,58 developed 63 times of HAI,HAI rate was 13.43%,case infec-tion rate was 14.58%.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract (57.14%)and surgical site (38.09%). 56 pathogenic strains were isolated,the major were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46.43%),followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia .Univariate analysis revealed that tracheotomy,length of hospital stay,opera-tive time,intraoperative antimicrobial use were risk factors for HAI in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery(all P <0.05).Conclusion The important measures for reducing HAI in patients undergo-ing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery are shortening the duration of surgery and length of hospital stay, taking active intervention,implementing hand hygiene,and using antimicrobial agents rationally.
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Objective To study the mental status of dento-maxillofacial deformities patients for orthognathic-orthodontic treatment,assess the testing results,and provide reference for doctors and nurses to evaluate mental features of patients.Methods 79 patients from a three-level and first-class hospital in Shanghai were collected from February 2011 to January 2012,who were to undergo orthognathic-orthodontic treatment.All the subjects filled in MMPI questionnaire before the operation.Results Scores of F and Pa subscales in male were significantly lower than the national norm.Scores of K and Mf subscales in female were significantly higher than the national norm.Scores of L,F,Hs,D,Pd,Pa,Pt,Sc,Si subscales were significantly lower than the national norm.Scores of F,Pa,Sc,Ma subscales in male were significantly higher than female.Scores of Mf subscales in female were significantly higher than male.Conclusions The whole personality of dento-maxillofacial deformities patients are normal.However,individualized personality deviation and psychological problems exist,including personality characteristics among different genders.
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Objective To study the perception of patients and nurses for the artificial airway suction,in order to provide theoretical reference for building the artificial airway suction clinical practice guidelines.Methods CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Pubmed,Science direct databases were searched for papers of patients and/or nurses' perception over the limited period of 2005 to 2013.The retrieved papers were analyzed.Results Nineteen eligible papers were identified.Extract relevant contents found the majority of patients retained the memory of that airway suction,mainly for pain,choking,suffocation,and eager to get the relevant knowledge and information.There were few researches on nurses' subjective feeling about airway suction.Conclusion We should pay attention to the perception of patients,while strengthening the research on nurses' perception of artificial airway suction and improve communication with patients,in order to relieve their discomfort experience,and could be helpful for the building of airway suction clinical practice guidelines.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate and identify the high-yield poly-malic acid (PMLA) bacterial strains from the nature.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples were collected and cultured. The high-yield PMLA bacterial strains were screened through morphological observation, qualitative PMLA tests by HPLC and ITS sequence analysis on the isolated bacterial strains.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A high-yield PMLA strain II 04 was isolated, the yield of PMLA of the strain reached to 26.23g/L in the rotary shaker at 25 degree for 7d. From morphological observation and ITS sequences analysis, the strain belonged to Aureobasidium pullulans, and named as Aureobasidium pullulans ZUCC-41.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A high-yield bacterial strain has been isolated from the nature and identified to be Aureobasidium pullulans.</p>
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Fermentation , Malates , Metabolism , Mitosporic Fungi , Metabolism , Polymers , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate and purify components from polysaccharides of purple sweet potato (PPSP) and to test their anti-tumor activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DEAE-Cellulose and CM-Cellulose exchange chromatography were applied to separate components of PPSP. The anti-tumor activities of each component were measured by MTT assay on Hela and HepG(2) cells and their monosaccharide composition were analyzed by TLC chromatography, followed by infrared spectroscopy studies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Through weak anion exchange chromatography and gradient elution by sodium chloride solution, four components were separated and named as PPSP, PPSPII, PPSPIII and PPSPIV, respectively. MTT tests showed that PPSP II and PPSPIII inhibited Hela and HepG2 tumor cells in a certain extent. The structural analysis revealed that PPSPI was mainly composed of glucose and galactose, PPSP II was composed of glucose and had a typical absorption peak of β-D-glucose chitosan pyranose, PPSP III was a glycoprotein showing a protein absorption peak.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Four components were separated from PPSP successfully, among which PPSP II and PPSP III shows anti-tumor activities on Hela and HepG(2) cells in vitro.</p>
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Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , HeLa Cells , Hep G2 Cells , Ipomoea batatas , Chemistry , Polysaccharides , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the synergistic effect of calcium channel blocker on cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). Methods 130 renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporine were divided into group A (with calcium channel blocker) and group B (without calcium channel blocker). Demographic, pharmacologic and periodontal data were recorded. The prevalence and severity of GO were compared between the two groups. Three calcium channel blockers, including nifedipine, amlodipine and felodipine, were administered in the patients of group A. The relationships between these three calcium channel blockers and the prevalence of GO were analyzed. Results The patients receiving calcium channel blocker showed significantly higher prevalence of GO (44/73,60 % ) than those without calcium channel blocker (22/57, 39 %) (P＜0. 05). A higher proportion of mild GO (37 %) in group A was also observed than in group B (19 %, P＜0. 05). There were no significant differences in the proportions of moderate and/or severe GO between the two groups (P＞0. 05). Periodontal variables, including plaque index and papilla bleeding index, were significantly higher in GO patients than in those without GO in both two groups (P＜0. 05). In addition, the prevalence of GO in patients receiving nifedipine (77 %) was higher than in those receiving amlodipine (57 %) or felodipine (50 %). Conclusion The combination with calcium channel blocker is a risk factor of cyclosporine-induced GO and the use of nifedipine should be avoided for these at-risk patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by > or = 2 quadrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs. 73% (16/22), P = 0.741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5 +/- 34.7) microm vs. (141.1 +/- 68.5) microm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P = 0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22), P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angina Pectoris , Diagnostic Imaging , Angina, Unstable , Diagnostic Imaging , Coronary Artery Disease , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the diagnostic value of non-invasive 128-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTA) in comparison with invasive coronary angiography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>128-slice CTA and invasive coronary angiography were performed in 78 unselected consecutive patients (63 patients with suspected coronary artery disease and 15 patients with previous coronary stenting, 56 males, mean age 61 +/- 10 years) and > 50% reduction of minimal lumen diameter was defined as significant coronary stenosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-eight out of 879 segments (7%) from CTA were not assessable because of irregular rhythm, vessel calcification or tachycardia. Compared with invasive coronary angiography, segment-based analysis from the 821 segments showed the sensitivity by CTA was 87%, specificity 97%, PPV 83% and NPV 97%. Four out of 22 stents implanted in 15 patients were not assessable by CTA because of poor image quality. Compared with invasive coronary angiography, the sensitivity of diagnosing in-stent restenosis by CTA was 100%, specificity 77%, PPV 63% and NPV 100% for the remaining 18 stents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>One hundred and twenty-eight-slice CTA has a high accuracy for detecting coronary artery disease and in-stent restenosis after coronary stenting and could be considered as a valuable noninvasive technique for screening coronary artery disease in suspected patients.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Angiography , Methods , Coronary Artery Disease , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Coronary Stenosis , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, Spiral Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To demonstrate the possibility of high-level expression of bioactive human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2) in E.coli, and to purify the recombinant hBD2.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA fragment containing mature hBD2 coding region (smhBD2-cDNA) was amplified by PCR, multiple copies of smhBD2-cDNA were linked using Bgl II and BamH I enzymes, pET32-nsmHBD2-cDNA with 1, 2, 4, or 8 copies of smhBD2-cDNA was constructed. The soluble and insoluble hBD2 proteins were separated and analyzed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The soluble protein underwent a separation process containing affinity chromatography, enterokinase digestion and ion exchange chromatography to get the recombinant hBD2 peptide. The bioactivity of recombinant hBD2 was examined by bacteria-inhibition tests in liquid culture.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The plasmids pET32-nsmHBD2-cDNA with 1, 2, 4 copies of smhBD2-cDNA were constructed and the expressed soluble protein accounted for 52 %, 48 %, and 31 % respectively. The plasmids with 8 copies expressed mainly insoluble protein with few in soluble form. The growth of E.coli K12D31 was dramatically suppressed with a inhibition rate of 90 %, when the final concentration of recombinant hBD2 reached between 0.4 to 0.5 mug/ml.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fusion expression of human beta-defensin-2 with multiple joined genes in E.coli could increase the expression of hBD2.</p>
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Humans , Anti-Infective Agents , Pharmacology , Chromatography, Affinity , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Escherichia coli , Genetics , Gene Expression , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Recombinant Proteins , Pharmacology , beta-Defensins , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of dimethoate on the monoamine Neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and its metabolite (3, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC) in the serum of rats and furthermore to explore the non-cholinergic mechanism of organophosphate induced toxicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Groups of rats were treated with saline and 38.9, 83.7 and 180 mg/kg dimethoate respectively and were decapitated at the different time course from 0.5 to 24 hours after the administration. The monoamines neurotransmitters were determined by the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with the electrochemical detection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum concentrations of DA (8.42% - 248.42% of the control), DOPAC (17.22% - 68.21% of the control) increased, according with the DM dosage and the exposure time, while the levels of NE (9.65% - 38.26% of the control) and E (11.00% - 32.62% of the control) contents decreased at the same time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings indicate that dimethoate induced toxic effects can alter the monoamine levels at the different dosage and the time exposure in the serum of rats. It suggests that some non-cholinergic mechanisms may be involved in the dimethoate intoxication.</p>