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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Bletillae Formosanae Rhizoma and the distribution characteristics of active components in the fingerprint by establishing its high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints. Method: HPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of Bletillae Formosanae Rhizoma. Four reference substances,i.e. militarine,coelonin,4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-1,2,7-triol and batatasin Ⅲ were used to identify chromatographic peaks. The fingerprints of 17 batches of Bletillae Formosanae Rhizoma fingerprints were analyzed and compared by "Computer-aided-similarity evaluation soft" and stoichiometry,and then compared with the fingerprint of Bletillae Rhizoma. Result: The established HPLC fingerprint method of Bletillae Formosanae Rhizoma showed good repeatability and stability. 20 common peaks were marked,four of which were identified by reference substances; militarine was No.8 common peak,and others corresponded to No. 10, No. 14 and No. 18 common peaks. Results showed that the similarities of samples except S4 were higher than 0.85, but the relative peak area of common peaks was quite different. Within the cluster distance 10,the samples are clustered into 5 categories, reflecting certain origin correlation. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the difference in samples was mainly caused by the common peaks located after No. 9 peak,where chemical constituents such as bibenzyl and dihydrophenanthrene were distributed. Bletillae Formosanae Rhizoma and Bletillae Rhizoma showed similar chemical constituents. Conclusion: The method provided a theoretical basis for the further clinical application and quality control of Bletillae Formosanae Rhizoma,as a substitute for Bletillae Rhizoma.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To investigate the relationship of IL-6 gene -572C/G polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy(T2DM)and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in Dali Bai population.<p>METHODS: The polymorphisms of IL-6 gene -572C/G was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphisms assay(PCR-RFLP)in 150 patients with T2DM \〖NDR(without DR)group 57 cases, NPDR(with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy)group 77 cases, PDR(with proliferative diabetic retinopathy)group 16 cases\〗 and 100 healthy control group in Dali Bai population. The genotypes frequency, allele frequency of IL-6-572C/G gene and clinical data were compared between groups. The statistics software SPASS22.0 was used for statistical analysis.<p>RESULTS: The genotype and allele frequencies of IL-6 gene -572C/G between groups were compared statistically significantly(<i>P</i><0.05); the incidence of T2DM in healthy control subjects with C allele significantly decreased in comparison with the carriers of G allele(<i>OR</i>=1.182, <i>95% CI</i>: 1.059-1.319, <i>P</i>=0.004); the incidence of DR in T2DM with G allele significantly increased in comparison with the carriers of C allele(<i>OR</i>=1.667, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.195-2.326, <i>P</i>=0.003), but there was no statistical difference between PDR group with NPDR group for -572C/G polymorphism(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was statistical significant between T2DM group, NPDR + PDR and control groups in fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, body mass index(<i>P</i><0.05), PDR group was compared with NPDR group only in difference between fasting plasma glucose(<i>P</i><0.05). The hypertension in individuals suffering from T2DM increased in comparison with not combing hypertension(<i>OR</i>=3.730, 95% <i>CI</i>: 2.060-6.754, <i>P</i>=0.000), and suffering from DR increased obviously(<i>OR</i>=3.997, 95%<i>CI</i>:2.099-7.612, <i>P</i>=0.000). The clinical data showed no significant difference(<i>P</i>>0.05)among different genotypes.<p>CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the -572C/G polymorphism in the promoter of IL-6 gene is associated with T2DM and DR in Dali Bai population, but the clinical data is not coordinative risk factor. G allele is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of T2DM and DR, but not for the progress in NPDR to PDR process, C alleles is a protective factor T2DM and DR. Hypertension, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, body mass index were risk factors for T2DM and DR, fasting blood glucose condition in DR progress has an important role.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To investigate the relationship of IL-6 gene -572C/G polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy(T2DM)and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in Dali Bai population.<p>METHODS: The polymorphisms of IL-6 gene -572C/G was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphisms assay(PCR-RFLP)in 150 patients with T2DM \〖NDR(without DR)group 57 cases, NPDR(with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy)group 77 cases, PDR(with proliferative diabetic retinopathy)group 16 cases\〗 and 100 healthy control group in Dali Bai population. The genotypes frequency, allele frequency of IL-6-572C/G gene and clinical data were compared between groups. The statistics software SPASS22.0 was used for statistical analysis.<p>RESULTS: The genotype and allele frequencies of IL-6 gene -572C/G between groups were compared statistically significantly(<i>P</i><0.05); the incidence of T2DM in healthy control subjects with C allele significantly decreased in comparison with the carriers of G allele(<i>OR</i>=1.182, <i>95% CI</i>: 1.059-1.319, <i>P</i>=0.004); the incidence of DR in T2DM with G allele significantly increased in comparison with the carriers of C allele(<i>OR</i>=1.667, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.195-2.326, <i>P</i>=0.003), but there was no statistical difference between PDR group with NPDR group for -572C/G polymorphism(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was statistical significant between T2DM group, NPDR + PDR and control groups in fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, body mass index(<i>P</i><0.05), PDR group was compared with NPDR group only in difference between fasting plasma glucose(<i>P</i><0.05). The hypertension in individuals suffering from T2DM increased in comparison with not combing hypertension(<i>OR</i>=3.730, 95% <i>CI</i>: 2.060-6.754, <i>P</i>=0.000), and suffering from DR increased obviously(<i>OR</i>=3.997, 95%<i>CI</i>:2.099-7.612, <i>P</i>=0.000). The clinical data showed no significant difference(<i>P</i>>0.05)among different genotypes.<p>CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the -572C/G polymorphism in the promoter of IL-6 gene is associated with T2DM and DR in Dali Bai population, but the clinical data is not coordinative risk factor. G allele is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of T2DM and DR, but not for the progress in NPDR to PDR process, C alleles is a protective factor T2DM and DR. Hypertension, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, body mass index were risk factors for T2DM and DR, fasting blood glucose condition in DR progress has an important role.
ABSTRACT
Aldose reductase ( AR ) belonging to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) -dependent aldehyde-keto reductase superfamily, is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway which plays an important role in the body’s high-sugar metabolism. AR is widely present in the kidneys, blood vessels, lens, retina, heart, skeletal muscle and other tissues and organs, converts glucose to sorbitol which easy permeability of cell membranes, cause cell swelling, degeneration, necrosis, and have a close relationship with the development of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is a multifactorial disease, the exact cause is currently unknown, but polyol pathway has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR. Clinical risk factors such as blood sugar control, blood pressure and other treatments for DR only play a part effect of remission or invalid, if we can find out DR genes associated with the disease, this will contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms and contribute to the development of new treatments and drugs. The current research progress of AR, AR gene polymorphism, Aldose reductase inhibitors to DR was reviewed in this article.