ABSTRACT
Expressions of GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 in the brain of rats poisoned by Tetramine were analyzed to explore the intoxication mechanism. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into control, sham poisoned, high-dose poisoned (1.0 mg/kg tetramine) and low-dose poisoned (0.1 mg/kg) groups. The expressions of GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 in the brain of the poisoned rats were detected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and imaging analyzer. Results The expressions of both GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 were diffusely seen in the brains of the control and shame poisoned rat groups with a moderate expression level, whereas the expressions of both GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 were decreased in the brains of the high-dose poisoned group. In the low-dose poisoned rat group, the expression of GABA initially decreased and reached its lowest level 6 hours after poisoning, and then started to show an increase and reached the level of control groups at day 3. The expressions level reached its peak at days 5-7 after poisoning and remained above the level of control groups till 10 days after poisoning. Similarly, the expression of GABA(A)R-alpha1 in the brains of the low-dose poisoned group initially decreased and reached its lowest level 6-12 hrs after poisoning, and then started to increase and reached the level of control groups at days 7-10 after poisoning, respectively. Conclusion The expression of both GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 decreased in the brains of the high-dose poisoned rat group and these changes of GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 expressions may be associated with underlying mechanism of tetramine poisoning.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Brain/pathology , Bridged-Ring Compounds/poisoning , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Hippocampus/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism , Time Factors , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the pathologic diagnosis and the injury time estimation in light closed encephalon injury.@*METHODS@#Mice were hurt by fluid percussion, and were killed at 15, 30 min, 1, 3 , 6, 12 h, 1, 4, 7, 14 d respectively after injury. The expression of Fas-L in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hippocampi was detected by immunohistochemistry and the results were assessed by image analysis system.@*RESULTS@#It is showed that the expression of Fas-L could be detected in 1 h after injury, and increased significantly in three hours, and it reached apex 12 h after injury, and decreased gradually four days after injury, and returned normal 14 days after injury.@*CONCLUSION@#This research demonstrated that Fas-L mediated apoptosis appeared not only around brain trauma but also in the brain tissue far away from the traumatic area. It indicted that the expression of Fas-L is a useful target for diagnosis of early brain injury; the regularity of Fas-L expression could be used as one of indication to date the time of brain injury.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Apoptosis , Brain/metabolism , Brain Injuries/pathology , Fas Ligand Protein , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Immunohistochemistry , Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Tumor Necrosis Factors/biosynthesisABSTRACT
In this paper we reviewed the formulae and analyzed the factors which modified the relationship and estimate the time of death as precise as possible by potassium concentration in vitreous humor. The extra factors including numbers of the cases, cause of death, different eye of both, the urea or/and creatinine in vitreous humor, environmental temperature, sampling techniques, experimental and analytical method were also mentioned.