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Objective To investigate whether the host animals of Yulong plague foci carry Yersiniapestis phage,and to identify isolated plague phage.Methods Rodent specimens were collected in 5 villages of Yulong plague foci in spring and autumn of 2016,respectively.Vaccine strain EV76 was used as breeding bacteria.Phage was isolated from the specimens by double-layer plate method and plaque morphology was identified.Results ① Totally 409 samples collected in spring failed in phage isolation.A total of 40 of Yersinia pestis phages were isolated from 444 samples in autumn,and the total isolation rate was 9.01％ (40/444).② The Yersinia pestis phages were isolated in all of 5 villages,and the isolation rate was of no significant difference (x2 =5.055,P ＞ 0.05).③ Of the 40 strains of phage,37 strains were isolated from Apodemus chevrieri,2 strains from Eothenomys Miletus and 1 strain from Crocidura Dracula.④Based on the appearance,the plaque of the phage was divided into three:large (diameter 1.5-2.5 mm),middle (0.5-＜ 1.5 mm) and small (＜ 0.5 mm).Conclusion There is a higher number of plague phage in the host animals of the plague foci in Yulong County of Yunnan Province,the plaques are diverse in morphology,and their biological characteristics may be polymorphic.
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Objective To understand the genotype of the Yersinia (Y.) pestis strains isolated from Heqing county,Yunnan province in 2017 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of plague in this area.Methods Ten Y.pestis strains isolated from Heqing were typed by the detections of different region (DFR) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) as well as multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA).And the results were compared with those of the 93 Y.pestis strains from the adjacent plague foci of Heqing obtained from the established database for clustering analysis.Results The results showed that Heqing strains had the same type of DFR (Genomovar 05) and CRISPRs (Cluster Ca7,Type 22) with isolates from the plague focus in Lijiang.Heqing strains and Lijiang strains were in the same cluster in MST and only VNTR loci N2117 and M23 of Heqing strains were different from that of Lijiang strains.Conclusion The Y.pestis strains isolated from Heqing in 2017 were highly homogenous with the strains isolated from wild rodents in plague focus in Lijiang,and Heqing plague might be the result of further southward spread of Lijiang plague.
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Objective To understand the genotype of the Yersinia (Y.) pestis strains isolated from Heqing county,Yunnan province in 2017 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of plague in this area.Methods Ten Y.pestis strains isolated from Heqing were typed by the detections of different region (DFR) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) as well as multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA).And the results were compared with those of the 93 Y.pestis strains from the adjacent plague foci of Heqing obtained from the established database for clustering analysis.Results The results showed that Heqing strains had the same type of DFR (Genomovar 05) and CRISPRs (Cluster Ca7,Type 22) with isolates from the plague focus in Lijiang.Heqing strains and Lijiang strains were in the same cluster in MST and only VNTR loci N2117 and M23 of Heqing strains were different from that of Lijiang strains.Conclusion The Y.pestis strains isolated from Heqing in 2017 were highly homogenous with the strains isolated from wild rodents in plague focus in Lijiang,and Heqing plague might be the result of further southward spread of Lijiang plague.
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Completion of the genome sequences on Yersinia pestis bacteriophage offered unprecedented opportunity for researchers to carry out related genomic studies.This review was based on the genomic sequences and provided a genomic perspective in describing the essential features of genome on Yersinia pestis bacteriophage.Based on the comparative genomics,genetic evolutionary relationship was discussed.Description of functions from the gene prediction and protein annotation provided evidence for further related studies.
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Completion of the genome sequences on Yersinia pestis bacteriophage offered unprecedented opportunity for researchers to carry out related genomic studies.This review was based on the genomic sequences and provided a genomic perspective in describing the essential features of genome on Yersinia pestis bacteriophage.Based on the comparative genomics,genetic evolutionary relationship was discussed.Description of functions from the gene prediction and protein annotation provided evidence for further related studies.
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Objective Using quantitative real-time PCR to establish a rapid specific genetic diagnostic technique for Yersinia pestis.Methods ①Four sets of specific probes and primers were designed,which targeted to chromosome genes of YPO0392,YPO1094,YPO2087 and YPO2090,respectively.②The probes and primers were tested for stability and specificity with 40 strains of Yersinia pestis and 47 strains of non-Yersinia pestis of different sources in Yunnan.③Eight positive DNA in Yulong,Yunnan,were tested with the screened probes and primers.Results ①Two sets probes and primers were selected,they were targeting YPO0392 and YPO1094,respectively.②The results were all positive of the eight positive DNA samples tested.Conclusion Two sets of primers and probes are selected for rapid specific diagnosis of Yersinia pestis.
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Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance situation of clinical isolated bacteria in our hospital to provide the basis for rational selection of antibacterial drugs in clinic .Methods The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the clinical sepcimens in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were performed the idenitification and drug susceptibility test by a‐dopting the the bioMerieux VITEK‐2 compact automatic bacterial analyzer .The detection results were judged according to the standard of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) .The WHONET5 .6 software was used for conducting the statisti‐cal analysis .Results 2 274 strains were isolated during 2012-2013 ,in which 1986 strains (72 .4% ) were Gram‐negative bacteria , 675 strains(24 .6% )were Gram‐positive bacteria and 94 ccases(3 .0 % ) were fungi .The top 3 of Gram‐negative bacteria were Esch‐erichia coli(694 strains ,25 .3% ) ,Klebsiella pneumoniae (303 strains ,11 .0% ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (266 strains ,9 .7 % ) respectivley .The top 3 of Gram‐‐positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (184 strians ,.6 .7% ) ,coagulase negative staphylococ‐cus(146 strains ,5 .3% )and enterococcus faecium (119 strians ,4 .3% ) .The respiratory tract infection ,urinary tract infection and blood infection were predominant .The detection rate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 45 .7% ,while which of methicillin‐resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) was 84 .6% .MRSA showed the multiple resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides antibcatieral drugs ,the resistance rate> 90 .00% ,but resistance rate macrolide antibiotic was<50 .0% ;no vancomycin‐and linezolid‐resistant Staphylococcus was found ;the resistance rate of enterococcus faecium to vancomy‐cin was 1 .7% and no linezolid‐resistant enterococcus faecium was detected .The detection rates of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing K .pneumoniae and E .coli were 65 .2% and 39 .9% respectively ,and which of E .coli and K .pneumoniae to imipenem were 0% and 6 .3% respectively .The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to commonly used antibacterial drugs was more than 50% .The resistant rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa to common antipseudomonal drugs was <40 .0% .Conclusion The drug resistance phenomena of pathogenic bacteria isolated from our hospital is relatively universal ,especially multi‐drug resistant non‐fer‐mentative bacteria ;the enzyme‐producing mechanism leads to increase the detection rate of multi‐antibacterial resistant Enterobacte‐riaceae bacteria ,which causes the enormous difficulty for clinical anti‐infection therapy .Conducting the bacterial drug‐resistance mo‐nitoring has an important significance for guiding clinically rational drug use ,reducing the nosocomial infection rate and controlling the bacterial drug resistance .
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Objective To study the quality control of urinary arsenic detection .Methods Quality control before ,during and after analysis were performed to avoid the random error and control the system errors .Results The low detection value of self-made quality control material of urinary arsenic and coefficient of variation (CV) were (0 .644 ± 0 .024) mg/L and 3 .72% ,respectively , while the high detection value and CV were (1 .353 ± 0 .042) mg/L and 3 .14% ,respectively .Conclusion Quality control before , during and after analysis may effectively reduce the incidence of random error and control the system error of urinary arsenic detec-tion and ensure the accuracy of test results .
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OBJECTIVE To find out fulminate epidemiological features of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in ICU and the ways to prevent and treat this nosocomial infection.METHODS The case histories from 4 inpatients who developed S.maltophilia infection in the same ward from Feb 5 to 16,2006,were studied retrospectively to find out the reasons of its onset and its treatment based on the sputum culture results.RESULTS The fulminate S.maltophilia was found from the rail of the patient bed,the connection part of water container of 2 respiratory machines of exhalation valve assembly and the liquid of ultrasonic aeriation machine.CONCLUSIONS The infection is a localized one.The main reasons of the infection are unthorough disinfection of respiratory machine and the contamination of medical treatment environment.Whenever the infection is found in the ward,the thorough disinfection needs immediately,and no new patient admitted.