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Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), which is currently named as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is a hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and hemophagocytosis found in bone marrow, liver, spleen and lymph nodes due to excessive activation of macrophages and cytotoxic T cells. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a specific form of HLH induced by autoinflammatory/autoimmune disorders which can be life-threatening and requires multiple disciplines. In order to improve clinicians′ understanding of MAS and standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment practice of MAS, the rheumatology branch of Chinese Rheumatology Association organized domestic experts to formulate the diagnosis and treatment standard, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of MAS and improve the prognosis of patients.
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OBJECTIVE To study th e pharmacodynamics and pha rmacokinetics of Qinglian ningxin capsule in rats with ischemic arrhythmia. METHODS Totally 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group ，model control group ， Qinglian ningxin capsule group （4.00 g/kg），Artemisia annua group（1.43 g/kg），Coptis chinensis group（0.42 g/kg），with 6 rats in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ；model control group and blank control group were given normal saline intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 7 days. After last medication ，except for blank control group，other groups were given Posterior pituitary injection via tail vein （1 u/kg） to induce ischemic arrhythmia model. electrocardiogram changes of rats in each group were recorded. Another 36 rats were randomly divided into Qinglian ningxin capsule model group and Qinglian ningxin capsule control group （4.00 g/kg），A. annua model group and A. annua control group （1.43 g/kg），C. chinensis model group and C. chinensis control group （0.42 g/kg）. After the rats in each model group were injected with Posterior pituitary injection （1 u/kg）via tail vein ，administration groups were given relevant drugs intragastrically ， and control groups were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically. Blood was taken from the orbit at different time points（0，0.25，0.75，1，2，4，6，8，12 and 24 h）. The concentrations of berberine hydrochloride and artemisinin in plasma were determined by HPLC ，and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 7.0 software. RESULTS Compared with the model control groups ，Qinglian ningxin capsule could significantly improve the heart rate slowing of rats and redu ced the prolongation of PR interval and QT interval significantly ，and the effects were generally better than those of A. annua group and C. chinensis group（P＜0.05）. Compared with A. annua control group and C. chinensis control group ，cmax，AUC0－t and AUC 0－∞ of berberine hydrochloride and artemisinin were increased significantly in Qinglian ningxin capsule control group，while CL was decreased significantly ；t1/2z of artemisinin was prolonged significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with Qinglian ningxin capsule control group ，cmax（except artemisinin ），AUC0－t，AUC0－∞，MRT0－t and MRT 0－∞（except artemisinin ）of berberine hydrochloride and artemisinin were increased significantly in Qinglian ningxin capsule model group ，while CL was decreased significantly（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Qinglian ningxin capsule could significantly improve ischemic arrhythmia better than A. annua and C. chinensis ，and can improve the absorption of berberine hydrochloride and artemisinin in model rats and slow down their elimination.
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Objective To determine the mRNA levels of microRNA-223 (miR-223) and NLRP3 in-flammasome components [Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1] in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to explore its clinical significance. Methods Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the mRNAlevels of miR-223 and NLRP3 inflam-masome components in PBMCs from 35 SLE patients, 30 healthy controls and 20 SLE patients after treatment, and then their correlations with clinical and laboratory parameters [anti-double-stranded deoxyribon-ucleic acid (dsDNA) antibody, anti-nucleosome antibody (AnuA), erythrocyte sedi-mentation rate (ESR)] were evaluated. Data were analyzed using t test or x2 test and Pearson test was used for correlation analysis. Results Com-pared with healthy controls, mRNA levels of miR-223 and Caspase-1 were higher in the PBMCs from SLE patients [(1.17 ±0.15) vs (0.68 ±0.14), t=2.416, P=0.0186; (1.89 ±0.13) vs (1.32 ±0.13), t=3.123, P=0.0027], but the NLRP3 and ASC mRNA expression levels were in the opposite [(0.64 ±0.05) vs (0.98 ±0.06), t=4.442, P<0.01;(0.98±0.08) vs (1.32±0.12), t=2.391, P=0.0198]. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a negative correlation of mRNA levels between the miR-223 and NLRP3 (r=-0.7849, P<0.05), but the miR-223 had no correlation with ASC and caspase-1. The mRNA levels of miR-223 was positively correlated with anti-dsDNA antibody, SLEDAI and ESR (r=0.7035, 0.6923, 0.6873, all P values<0.05), but had no correlation with AnuA. After treatment, the mRNA expression of miR-223 and caspase-1 in PBMCs from SLE patients was significantly reduced [(1.30±0.22) vs (0.79±0.11), t=2.07, P=0.0453; (2.05±0.19) vs (1.50±0.11), t=2.471, P=0.0183], while the mRNA level of NLRP3 increased [(0.69 ±0.08) vs (0.94 ±0.07); t=2.445, P=0.0193]. There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-223 mRNA in PBMCs between lupus nephritis (LN) patients and SLE patients without renal impairment. Conclusion miR-223 and caspase-1 are highly ex-pressed in the PBMCs from patients with SLE, while the mRNA of NLRP3 and ASC is in low expression. The mRNA expression of miR-223 is negatively correlated with NLRP3 and disease activity. Expression of miR-223 mRNA decreases significantly after treatment. So miR-223 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Objective:To optimize the formula of evodiamine liposomes. Methods:Using phospholipids, cholesterol and vitamin E as the materials, the liposomes were prepared by a film dispersion method. The binomial model of mass ratio of phospholipid to drug, mass ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol and the concentration of phospholipid were fitted by design-response surface methodology using encapsulation efficiency as the index. The formula was optimized by three-dimensional response surface and contour plot. The predic-tive data was validated, and the morphology, particle size and pH were observed. Results:The optimized formula was as follows:the mass ratio of phospholipid to drug was 30. 58∶1, that of phospholipid to cholesterol was 15. 22∶1 and the concentration of phospholipid was 42. 26 mg·ml-1 . The average encapsulation efficiency of evodiamine liposomes was 92. 89%. The appearance was milky white and translucent with round or oval pellets, the particle size was 126 nm and the pH was 6. 94 ± 0. 17. Conclusion: The formula and preparation process of evodiamine liposomes are stable and feasible.
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OBJECTIVE:To put forward a proposal for the name standardization of Chinese herbal pieces. METHODS:Through searching literatures and analyzing each edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the existing problems about the name of Chi-nese herbal pieces in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were found out to put forward solutions. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:There are many non-standard problems,such as non-standard name of crude Chinese herbal pieces,non-standard name of processed Chinese herbal pieces,jingandganadded before the name of Chinese herbal pieces,pianadded after the name of Chinese herbal pieces. Based on these problems,suggestions for naming processed and non-processed Chinese herbal pieces were put forward,including noting processing method before the name of Chinese herbal medicines,adding processed form name after the name of Chinese herbal medicines,adding accessories name before the name of Chinese herbal medicines,maintaining the consistency and completeness of the names of Chinese herbal pieces and medicines,must markingshengwhen using toxic Chi-nese medicine pieces in medical treatment,and no appearing of the tablets in the name,etc.
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Objective To determinate the serum level of adiponectin,visfatin and resistin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore its role in the development of RA and its clinical significance.Methods Blood samples were collected from 67 cases of RA patients and 65 healthy controls,the serum levels of adiponectin,visfatin and resistin were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Adipokine levels in different groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.Spearman test and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C reactive protein (CRP),blood platelet (PLT),rheumatoid factor (RF),anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP),disease activity score (DAS)28].Results The serum level of adiponectin,visfatin and resistin in RA patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls[8.17(4.51,28.53) μg/ml vs 6.83(4.48,25.32) μg/ml,U=1 663,P=0.019];[6.56(5.34,8.40) ng/L vs 4.24 (3.01,6.65) ng/L,U=762,P=0.001];[10.65 (5.99,20.70) ng/ml vs 6.12 (4.49,9.98) ng/ml,U=1 406.5,P=0.000].The serum level of visfatin was positively correlated with RF in patients with RA (r=0.186,P=0.013),and serum levels of adiponectin,visfatin and resistin were positively correlated with DAS28 (r=0.370,0.263,0.285;P＜0.05).The level of visfatin in RA patients with high activity group was higher than that in the low and moderate activity group [4.37(2.72,7.53)ng/L vs 4.11 (3.11,6.44) ng/L,U=133.5,P=0.019].Conclusion Multivariate analysis has showm that ESR,PLT and DAS28 can significantly affect adiponectin,and CRP can significantly influence resistin.Serum level of adiponectin,visfatin and resistin are elevated and correlate with DAS28,suggesting that they may be involved in the chronic inflammation of RA.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Fufang jinqin tablet. METHODS:TLC was conducted for the qual-itative identification of Cortex phellodendri and Lonicera japonica in the preparation. And HPLC was conducted for the content de-termination of baicalin;the column was Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid water(40:60,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 280 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and the injection vol-ume of 10 μl. RESULTS:C. phellodendri and L. japonica of TLC showed clear spots and good separation. The linear range of ba-icalin was 0.533-4.264 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 96.95%-99.70%(RSD=1.18%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The standard can be used for the quality control of Fufang jinqin tablet.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Chaige ganmao mixture. METHODS:TLC was conducted to iden-tify the Scutellaria baicalensis and Paeonia lactiflora;HPLC was conducted to determine the content of puerarin. The column was Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 with mobile phase of methanol-water(25:75,V/V)at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 250 nm,and column temperature was 25℃,and the injection volume was 5μl. RESULTS:TLC showed clear spots and good sepa-ration. The linear range of puerarin was 18-198 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were low-er than 2%,recovery was 99.04%-99.75%(RSD=0.28%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The standard can be used for the quality con-trol of Chaige ganmao mixture.
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ObjectiveFrom the changes of expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in rats with traumatic brain injury under mild hypothermia treatment with Shenfu decoction as a subsidiary, to speculate the mechanism of protective effect of the decoction on the injury.Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups by random number table: non-transfection control group, adenovirus mediated immune flourescent reverse transcription virus group (blank AD5-GFP transfection group) and adenovirus mediated immune flourescent reverse transcription virus carrying CIRP silent expression gene group (AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA transfection group), 30 rats in each groups. Then, each group was subdivided into three subgroups: model group, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) low and high dose groups, 10 rats in each subgroup. After the mild hypothermia treatment for 48 hours, in the TCM low dose group and high dose group, a dose of TCM 1 mL/kg and 5 mL/kg was injected via a tail vein into the rat respectively, while in the model group, 1 mL/kg normal saline was injected into the same vein, once a day for consecutive 2 days in all the groups. Before modeling in the blank AD5-GFP transfection group and AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA transfection group, virus transfection models were reproduced at first by one-time intrathecal injection of 0.1 mL AD5-GFP and 0.1 mL (1×1010 pfu/mL) AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA virus vector respectively, and in model group, 0.1 mL normal saline was given. The rat cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus part were collected, the brain cell apoptosis was detected by transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), the CIRP mRNA expression in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus part was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein expressions of rat sarcoma protein Raf, Ras, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylation ERK (p-ERK), mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK), p-MEK were determined by Western Blot.Results The brain tissue cell apoptosis indexes (AI) in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus part in TCM low, high dose group of non-transfection control and blank AD5-GFP transfection group were lower than those in model group, and the expressions of CIRP mRNA were higher than those in model group, there were no significant differences in AI and CIRP mRNA in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus between model, TCM low and high dose groups of AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA transfection group, but AI was significantly higher and CIRP mRNA was significantly lower than that in corresponding subgroups of AD5-GFP transfection control group and blank AD5-GFP transfection group. Western Blot detection showed that: Raf/Ras, p-MEK/MEK protein expressions revealed no statistical significant differences in different parts of each group (allP > 0.05), the p-ERK/ERK protein expression in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus part was significantly lower in TCM low and high dose group than that in the model group of non-transfection control group and blank AD5-GFP transfection group, the degree of descent in the TCM high dose group being more significant (the cortex: non-transfection control group was 7.2±1.0 vs. 15.3±1.8, AD5-GFP transfection group was 8.1±0.7 vs. 16.2±1.5; hippocampus part: non-transfection control group was 6.6±0.8 vs. 14.7±2.0, AD5-GFP transfection group was 6.8±1.0 vs. 14.9±1.3; hypothalamus part: non-transfection control group was 9.4±1.1 vs. 12.7±1.7, AD5-GFP transfection group was 10.6±1.3 vs. 9.4±1.1, allP 0.05).Conclusions The Shenfu decoction used in rats with brain trauma under treatment of mild hypothermia is possibly by promoting CIRP over-expression, lowering ERK expression and inhibiting the initiation of signal transduction of the secondary transcription factor phosphorylation, thereby the neural cell apoptosis is decreased and play a subsidiary role of anti-apoptosis of mild hypothermia.
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Objective:To discuss the importance and significance of training base establishment for clinical pharmacy of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) . Methods:The urgency and necessity of training base establishment for TCM clinical pharmacy was stated based on the status and problems of TCM clinical pharmacy, and the important significance of training base establishment of TCM clini-cal pharmacy was clearly put forward. Results:The establishment of TCM clinical pharmacy training base with the aim of training pro-fessional talents for TCM clinical pharmacy can provide clinical pharmaceutical care for patients with higher quality, which surely will promote the development of TCM clinical pharmacy and the pharmaceutical care level. Conclusion:It is extremely urgent and signifi-cant to set up TCM clinical pharmacy training base, which is the important topic needed to be solved in TCM clinical pharmacy work.
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Objective To observe the neural protective subsidiary effect of Wenyang Yiqi method on patients with severe traumatic brain injury under mild hypothermia therapy.Methods A prospective study was conducted in which 53 patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated by mild hypothermia were randomly divided into control group (26 cases) and observation group (27 cases). All the patients in the two groups received conventional western treatment combined with mild hypothermia therapy. In the observation group, additionally was given the representative drug of Wenyang Yiqi method, Shenfu injection 100 mL mixed into 5% glucose 500 mL intravenous drip once a day. At the end of mild hypothermia, the Shenfu injection was stopped. After treatment, the changes of intracranial pressure (ICP) on 1 (the day the treatment began), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days and the indexes levels, including S-100B, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinkinase (CK) in the cranial spinal fluid (CSF) before treatment and 2, 4, 6 days after treament (CSF) were observed. The Glasgow coma score (GCS) before treament and 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 days after treament, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) on 28 days and 3 months after treatment were recorded, and the incidences of complications were calculated at the end of therapy.Results After treatment with the prolongation of therapeutic time, the levels of ICP were gradually increased in two groups and reached the peak values on the 4th day, then beganto fall, and on the 5th day it was significantly lower in observation group than that in control group [ICP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 16.11±1.23 vs. 18.73±1.42], persisting the same situation to the 7th day (14.17±0.80 vs. 16.94±1.00,P 0.05); after treatment, the GCS score of the two groups was progressively improved, and on the 14th day the score in the observation group began significantly higher than that in the control group (11.74±1.24 vs. 9.41±2.11,P 0.05), but the score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment for 3 months (4.11±0.38 vs. 3.72±0.41, P < 0.05). The incidences of complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [respiratory failure: 25.9% (7/27) vs. 50.0% (13/26), shock: 18.5% (5/27) vs. 53.8% (14/26), acute pulmonary edema: 14.8% (4/27) vs. 30.8% (8/26), stress ulcer: 22.2% (6/27) vs. 57.7% (15/26), hypoproteinemia: 40.7% (11/27) vs. 73.1% (19/26), allP < 0.05].Conclusion Wenyang Yiqi method has the subsidiary neural protective effect on patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated by mild hypothermia, and can improve their outcome.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Puerarin solid self-microemulsion capsules in rats in vi-vo. METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into two groups with 18 rats in each group. They were given Puerarin solid self-mi-croemulsion capsules(S-SMEDDS capsules)and commercially available Yufeng ningxin tablet,with the dose of 158.15 mg/kg puer-arin. The 0.2 ml blood samples were collected from tail vein 0,5,10,20,40,60,90,120,180,240,360,480,600 min after medication,respectively. The blood concentration of puerarin was determined by HPLC,and pharmacokinetic parameters and rela-tive bioavailability were calculated by using 3p87 software. RESULTS:The metabolism of puerarin was one-compartment model in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of S-SMEDDS capsules and Yufeng ningxin tablet were as follows as cmax of (1.032 0 ± 0.020 6) and(0.587 3±0.011 7)μg/ml,t1/2ke of(116.431 4±2.166 0)and(88.222 6±1.752 4)min,AUC0-t of(261.532 2±1.464 0)and (102.835 5±1.957 4)μg·min/ml. Relative bioavailability was 238.77%. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with Yufeng ningxin tablet, S-SMEDDS capsules are absorbed more completely and removed faster.
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To investigate the status and working methods of prescription reviews for traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) to provide reference for the scientific and rational methods for TCM prescription reviews. Methods:The experience of prescrip-tion reviews for TCM in recent years was summarized in some medical institutions, and then the implementation key points of prescrip-tion reviews for TCM was analyzed. Results and Conclusion:With the development of TCM clinical pharmacy in the major hospitals at home, a lot of useful exploration for TCM prescription reviews has been done in some medical institutions. However, TCM prescription reviews are facing many difficulties, such as the weak forces and the absence of uniform national standards. Therefore, it is necessary to establish scientific and rational methods for TCM prescription reviews in order to provide reference for peers.
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Objective To explore the effect of donepezil combined with memantine in ameliorating the cogni-tive function and psychological behavior of patients with Alzheimers'disease(AD).Methods 214 AD patients were randomly divided into the control groupand observation group.The control group were treated with memantine,and the observation group were treated donepezil combined with memantine.Before and after treatment,MMSE and WHO -UCLA AVLT,BEHAVE -AD were utilized to assess the cognitive function,psychological behavior,respectively.The adverse effects were observed using TESS and laboratory examination.Results The scores of MMSE and its subitem, WHO -UCLA AVLT(Immediate memory,short -term memory and long -term memory)after treatment significantly increased as compared with those before treatment in the control group and the observation group(P <0.01 or P <0.05),while the cases of psychological behavior,the score of BEHAVE -AD and its subitem decreased(P <0.01 or P <0.05).The observation group showed statistically significant difference in the increasion of the scores of MMSE and its subitem,WHO -UCLA AVLT,and the decreasion of the cases of psychological behavior,the score of BE-HAVE -AD and its subitem comparison with the control group(t =-1.742,-1.431,-1.626,-2.173,-1.448,-1.026,-1.016,-1.279,-1.971,χ2 =12.295,7.609,8.917,t =0.778,1.139,2.004,1.153,0.822,1.944, P <0.01 or P <0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 90.65%,and 71.96% of the control group,there was a significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =12.299,P <0.01).There was no obvious side effects during the treatment in both groups.Conclusion Donepezil combined with memantine can significantly improve the cognitive function and psychological behavior of AD patients,and there are fewer adverse events.
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Objective To study the diagnosis value of giant cell temporal arteritis with high frequency ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.Methods The total of 29 cases testified as giant cell temporal arteritis clinically were assessed by high frequency ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.The 29 cases were assessed by high frequency ultrasonography,the 11 cases were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging,mural thickness and lumen diameter of temporal arteries were examined,and were compared with the biopsy specimens.Meanwhile 30 healthy volunteers were randomly selected as control group,the ultrasonography of normal temporal arteries were analyzed.Results All temporal arteries were diaplayed clearly.27 cases were diagnosed for giant cell temopral arteritis by high frequency ultrasonography in 29 cases,the diagnostic accuracy was 93.1％.The 11 cases were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging,the diagnostic accuracy was 100％.The imaging features were mural thickness,the lumen stenosis,and partial temporal arteries occluded,the mural was contrasted by Gd-DTPA.Conclusions High frequency ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are noninvasive methods for giant cell temporal arteritis diagnosis,it is important clinical value for therapy.
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Objective To systematically analyze and evaluate the association between the peptidylarginine deiminaseⅣ(PADI4) gene and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on the published data,and to provide evidence for the pathogenesis of RA.Methods By selecting five SNPs in PADI4 (rs11203366,rs11203367,rs874881,rs2240340,rs1748033) which had been extensively examined.Meta-analysis on each SNP was performed step by step according to Hugenet manual to investigate the association of the polymorphisms of the PADI4 gene with RA.Results This Meta-analysis enrolled 15 659 RA patients and 22 019 healthy controls from 21 studies worldwide.It demonstrated that rs11203366,rs11203367,rs2240340 and rs 1748033 confered susceptibility to RA in Asian ethnicity (P＜0.01,0.03,＜0.01,＜0.01),while rsl1203366,rsl1203367 and rs874881 confered susceptibility to RA in Caucasian of European ancestry (P=0.0002,0.004,0.03).It also shown that no significant association between rs874881 and RA in the Asian ethnicity populations (P=0.2),or rs2240340,rs1748033 and RA in Caucasian of European ancestry (P=0.18,0.1 ).A linkage disequilibrium study was also performed.The LD study showed that rs11203366,rs11203367,rs874881,rs2240340 and rs1748033 were in linkage disequilibrium both in the Asian ethnicity and Caucasian,which was basically inconsistent with the results of Meta-analysis.The conflicting results should be explained by many aspects such as bias in sample selection,genotyping,and the stratification.Conclusion The PADI4 genotype is partially associated with RA,and the underling mechanisms need further study.Haplotype based research and Metaanalysis would be valuable.
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Objective To explore the association between HLA-Cw alleles with systemic lupuserythematosus. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer method was used to analyze thedistribution of HLA-Cw01-08 alleles among 108 patients with SLE and 102 healthy controls. The allelefrequencies was compared between various patient groups and the control population. Results The frequencyof HLA-Cw07 alleles in patients with SLE was significantly increased in patients with SLE. Conclusion Theresults indicate that HLA-Cw07 may be the susceptible alleles or may be closely linked to the susceptiblegenes for SLE.
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Objective To explore the association between sysetemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with HLA-DQA1 in the mainland of China. Method The reported articles about SLE in mainland of China and HLA-DQA1 were searched and the meta-analysis via Rev man4.1 was performed. Result Seven studies enrolled 447 SLE patients and 503 controls, HLA-DOA1*0301 might be of protective value, P=0.000 07, OR=0.64 (0.52, 0.80). Conclusion Meta-analysis is an importmant method to determine the controversial results of the gene association studies performed in the mainland of China with small sample size.
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Objective To investigate whether there is any consistent evidence of linkage across multiple studies,and to identify novel AS susceptibility loci by using GSMA method.Methods Genome-search Meta-analysis(GSMA)method was applied to genome scans of AS and spondyloarthropathy(SpA)to assess evidence for linkage across studies.Results Four AS genome scans including 479 families with 1151 affected individuals were used.Suggesting these BINS most likely contain AS-linked loci;BINS 6p22.3-p21.1,6pter-p22.3,17pter-p12,2p12-q22.1 and 5q34-qter.Four AS genome scans and one SpA scan including 544 families with 1,331 affected individuals were used.The GSMA produced genome-wide evidence for linkage on bin 6p22.3-p21 and 16q23.1-qter.Conclusion This GSMA added the evidence of the HLA loci as the greatest susceptibility factor to AS and shows evidences of chromosome 6,17p,2,5q and 16q as non-HLA susceptibility loci.