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Pelvic radiotherapy is a way for treatment of most pelvic tumors, of which the pelvic insufficiency fracture (PIF) is a long-term complication. In this review, research progress of pelvic insufficiency fracture is summarized and discussed. The pathogenesis of PIF is mainly about inhibition of osteoblasts and the risk factors of PIF include old age, postmenopausal status, absence of hormonal replacement therapy, high number of births, smoking history, low body mass index (BMI), concurrent rheumatoid arthritis, concurrent diabetes mellitus, intracavitary brachytherapy of the high dose rate (HDR-ICBT), high dose of radiotherapy, etc. Effective drugs for prevention or treatment of PIF have not been found yet. Delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of PIF can cause serious consequences. As a result, further studies are needed to guide clinical work.
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【Objective】 To explore the effect of Genistein on the proliferation and cell cycle regulation of ovarian cancer cells. 【Methods】 Ovarian cancer OVCAR-5 cells were treated with Genistein. Cell counting and MTS assays were performed to determine the alterations of cell proliferation. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were conducted to examine the expression changes of key cell cycle regulators. 【Results】 Genistein significantly promoted the proliferation and viability of OVCAR-5 cells. After Genistein treatment, cellular mRNA and protein expression levels of cell cycle activators such as PCNA, Cyclin D1 and CDK4 were increased, but those of cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 and p27 were decreased. 【Conclusion】 Genistein can upregulate the proliferation and G1-S transition of ovarian cancer OVCAR-5 cells. The discrepancy may be caused by diverged experimental conditions and/or different ER expression patterns of cell lines. The findings may provide basic information for in-depth analysis of the role(s) and mechanisms by which genistein confers its effect on ovarian cancer cells.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features of pulmonary lymphoma and to get a better understanding of this disease. Methods Clinical data of 253 lymphoma patients in the Department of Lymphoma and Hematology in Jilin Cancer Hospital from October 2014 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 30 cases of pulmonary lymphoma (lung lymphoma group) and 223 cases of non-pulmonary lymphoma (the control group). Rate assay and latex turbidimetry was used to detect lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and β2macroglobulin (β2-MG) respectively. The expressions of programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in peripheral blood CD4 +CD8 +T lymphocytes were detected by using flow cytometry. The count and measurement data of both groups were compared by using χ 2test and t test respectively. Results The patients in pulmonary lymphoma group showed secondary lesions. The proportion of smoking people in pulmonary lymphoma group was higher than that in the control group [43.3 % (13/30) vs. 24.2 % (54/223), χ 2＝ 4.964, P＝ 0.026]. The proportion of the patients in Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage in pulmonary lymphoma group was higher than that in the control group [93.3 % (28/30) vs. 57.0 % (127/223), χ2＝ 14.750, P < 0.001]. The proportion of the patients with higher international prognostic index (IPI) score in pulmonary lymphoma group was higher than that in the control group (χ2＝ 21.888, P < 0.001). The proportion of the patients with increased expression of β2-MG in pulmonary lymphoma group was higher compared with the control group [66.7 % (20/30) vs. 50.2 % (112/223), χ2＝6.682, P ＝0.091]. The proportion of the patients with the increased LDH was higher compared with the control group [63.3 % (19/30) vs. 41.5 % (86/223)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝ 6.682, P ＝ 0.010). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the common pathological type in pulmonary lymphoma group (15 cases), followed by Hodgkin lymphoma (7 cases); imaging showed single mass or nodular type, multiple masses or nodular type, bilateral pulmonary infiltration, pleural effusion were 36.7 % (11/30), 30.0 % (9/30), 63.3 % (19/30) and 36.7 % (11/30), respectively. There were no statistical differences in the protein expression of immune check points such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in both groups (all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Pulmonary DLBCL should be considered a secondary disease, but not a primary lesion. Smoking history is a risk factor for lymphoma patients with pulmonary involvement. Pulmonary lymphoma is similar to other extra-nodal lymphoma with high IPI scores, advanced stage and elevated LDH.
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Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma which often occurs in children. The cure rate of BL is significantly increased with the wide application of short-duration and high-intensity immunochemotherapy, however, chemotherapy-related adverse reactions are still a big problem in adult patients and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. Meanwhile, the absence of effective immune targeting new drugs in patients with relapsed and refractory BL needs to be solved clinically. How to optimize the therapeutic regimen to reduce the chemotherapy-related adverse reactions and develop effective immune targeting new drugs is the hot spot in current research. This paper reviews the treatment progress of BL according to the 59th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.
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Objective To explore key gene and pathway of radioresistance in esophageal carcinoma and reveal its molecular mechanism of radioresistance. Methods The gene expression profiles of GSE61772 and GSE61620 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) were screened by GEO2R. Gene Ontology ( GO ) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ( Kegg ) enrichment and protein-protein interaction ( PPI ) network construction were performed by DAVID and String softwares. RT-PCR was used to detect the differences in the expression of different genes in different radiosensitivity cells. Results A total of 49 differentially expression genes were screened. These genes were mainly involved in the regulation of multicellular biosynthesis, ion transport, DNA synthesis, metabolism, cell proliferation and so on. The major biological pathways included a Wnt signal pathway. 12 DEGs interacted with each other, and CHN2 may be a key node. The expression of CHN2 gene had no obvious difference between TE13R and TE13. Conclusions 49 differentially expressed genes, including CHN2, may be involved in radioresistance of esophageal carcinoma, and the Wnt signaling pathway may be an important pathway in this radioresistance.
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Objective To explore key gene and pathway of radioresistance in esophageal carcinoma and reveal its molecular mechanism of radioresistance. Methods The gene expression profiles of GSE61772 and GSE61620 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) were screened by GEO2R. Gene Ontology ( GO ) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ( Kegg ) enrichment and protein-protein interaction ( PPI ) network construction were performed by DAVID and String softwares. RT-PCR was used to detect the differences in the expression of different genes in different radiosensitivity cells. Results A total of 49 differentially expression genes were screened. These genes were mainly involved in the regulation of multicellular biosynthesis, ion transport, DNA synthesis, metabolism, cell proliferation and so on. The major biological pathways included a Wnt signal pathway. 12 DEGs interacted with each other, and CHN2 may be a key node. The expression of CHN2 gene had no obvious difference between TE13R and TE13. Conclusions 49 differentially expressed genes, including CHN2, may be involved in radioresistance of esophageal carcinoma, and the Wnt signaling pathway may be an important pathway in this radioresistance.
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Objective: Secondary malignancy is a major life-threatening complication facing patients afflicted with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]. This study aimed to retrospectively review clinical features and treatment course of five patients with AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma [A-NHL] in Jilin Tumor Hospital
Methods: Five A-NHL patients were retrospectively and consecutively hospitalized at our oncological unit between January 2012 and June 2014. All patients received pre-emptive highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] and chemotherapy, and were subsequently followed up at the outpatient clinic. All five patients were male, aged 27-53 years, and afflicted with A-NHL involving upper jaw, right inguinal region, right-side gingiva, mediastinum, or right-side neck. Histology showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [n = 3] or plasmablastic lymphoma [n = 2]
Results: Two patients achieved complete remission after HAART and chemotherapy, whereas other three patients required a second-line treatment, with two achieving stable disease and one dying within a follow-up period of 0.5-2 years
Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that A-NHL is a disease often diagnosed in the middle-to-late stages, with diverse clinical manifestations and short overall survival. In the cases reviewed in this study, HAART in combination with standard dose or high-dose chemotherapy, HAART and molecular targeted chemotherapy was administered, and these treatments proved to be effective for improving the prognosis of these patients. Moreover, the CD4+ cell count was important for determining the prognosis of patients
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ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the differential gene expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 and CNE-2R exposed to X-rays.Methods We used neutral comet assay to detect the intrinsic radiosensitiv-ity of tumor cells,immunofluorescence to detect the phosphorylated histone γH2AX and Rad5 1 foci formation and to assay the time-dose effects on cell radiation injury and radiation radiosensitivity change after irradiation.The dif-ferential gene expression was screened with cDNA microarray by DNA damage repair related gene chip.Differenti-ally expressed proteins screened were confirmed by Western blot.Results After 2 h of 4 Gy 9MeV-β-ray irradia-tion,CNE-2R cells had aggravated DNA damage compared to CNE-2 cells and the damage was more obvious with the prolongation of time.It suggested that cell DNA damage severity was more obvious.The immunofluorescence showed the positive rates ofγH2AX cells in CNE-2 cell line were higher than those in CNE-2R cell line.There were 37 different genes related to DNA damage repair in CNE-2 cell line compared with CNE-2R cell line,while 24 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated genes were found in SiHaR cells.In them,there were 6 genes whose ratios were 6 times higher and 3 genes whose ratios were lower than 0.1.Western blot verified the results of four differentially expressed proteins compared with CNE-2 cells,in which GADD45a and RRAD1 expression levels were significantly lowered in CNE-2R while the RAD9a and RCF2 protein significantly increased.Conclusion The radioresistance of CNE-2R cells is significantly related to DNA damage repair capacity in certain mutations at the gene level.It is possible to regulate cell radiosensitivity by regulating the related gene.
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Objective To determine the toxicity, maximal dose and clinical practicality of VM26 (teniposide) plus radiotherapy for postoperative brain neurospongioma. Methods Twenty patients were alloted in phase Ⅰ trial. The total dose was 60 Gy for the field radiotherapy (30 fractions of 2 Gy over six weeks). Teniposide at three dose levels (50 mg/m2, 75 mg/m2 and 100 mg/m2) was given intravenously once a week, totally five weeks. Dose escalation was based on each level, with a minimum of five patients in cohort if severe toxicity was not observed until the maximum tolerance dose(MTD). Results The predominant form of toxicity was hematologic toxicity. Four patients developed grade 3, 4 leucopenia when a second level of MTD (75 mg/m2) was given. Conclusion Combined radiotherapy and teniposide for postoperative brain neurospongioma is well tolerated. The dose of 50 mg/m2 for phase Ⅱ clinical trial was recommended.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of serum containing Scutellaria Barbata extract (ESB) on apoptosis rate and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) of liver cancer cell line H22 from mice in vitro. METHODS: H22 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 5 groups: blank control group, low-dose ESB group, medium-dose ESB group, high-dose ESB group and fluorouracil (5-Fu) group. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was utilized to determine the proliferation rates of H22 cells. Cellular morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope (EM). The rhodamine 123 was used as a fluorescence probe to label the H22 cells, and the fluorescence intensities were observed with a laser scanning confocal microscope. The fluorescence intensity of H22 cells indicated the MTP of H22 cells. RESULTS: The inhibition of serum containing ESB on the proliferation of H22 cells in vitro was observed in a time-dependent manner. The typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed after incubation with ESB-containing serum in high dose for 48h. The apoptosis rates of blank control group, 5-Fu group, low-dose ESB group, medium-dose ESB group and high-dose ESB group were (0.51+/-0.32)%, (11.26+/-2.97)%, (1.07+/-0.46)%, (3.15+/-1.12)%, (7.83+/-2.25)% respectively. ESB could reduce the MTP of H22 cells from mice as compared with the untreated group. The MTPs of the blank control group, 5-Fu group, and low-, medium- and high-dose ESB groups were (245.45+/-67.37), (127.42+/-41.35), (213.68+/-65.52), (186.34+/-56.37) and (142.65+/-39.44) respectively, which were negatively correlated with the apoptosis rates. CONCLUSION: ESB-containing serum effectively induces apoptosis, which may be related to the decrease of MTP in H22 cells.