ABSTRACT
Ganoderma lingzhi is widely recognized as a medicinal basidiomycetes. Triterpene acids (TAs) are the key bioactive medicinal components of G. lingzhi. Our previous studies have shown that phospholipid acid (PA) produced by phospholipase D (PLD) plays a regulatory role in TA synthesis. In order to further elucidate the molecular mechanism how PA regulates TA synthesis in G. lingzhi, PA beads enrichment combined with LC-MS/MS technology was used to identify PA interacting proteins in G. lingzhi. A total of 19 PA interacting proteins were identified, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (GL22084), specific protein kinase MAPK (GL23765), catalase and cell surface hydrophobicity-associated protein. GST tagged GL22084 and GL23765 proteins were obtained through gene cloning, heterologous expression, and purification. The interactions between GL22084/GL23765 and PA were verified by GST pull down assay. The identification of PA interacting proteins provides a basis for further understanding the molecular mechanism how PLD-mediated PA signaling molecules regulates the TA synthesis in G. lingzhi. Moreover, the PA interacting proteins identified in this study can also provide clues for the research of PLD/PA signaling pathway in other species.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid , Ganoderma , Phosphatidic Acids , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
ISO 14708-3 "Implants for surgery-active implantable medical devices-Part 3:implantable neurostimulators" 2017 version and 2008 version are compared, and changes in the standard are interpreted combined with the characteristics of the neurostimulator. The new version of the standard for the first time in the introduction mentioned a new type of non-electrode or extension's neurostimulator. Key issues that have significant impact on safety concerns such as wireless charging temperature rise, MRI acceptance criteria, etc., are given for the first time in the new version. New requirements to the wireless communication section are added, and the electromagnetic compatibility part is greatly adjusted. With more miniature non-electrode or extension's neurostimulator entering the market, standards such as electromagnetic compatibility and MRI, there will be greater adjustments.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Phenomena , Implantable Neurostimulators , Reference Standards , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prostheses and Implants , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
In recent years active implantable medical devices(AIMD) are being developed rapidly. Many battery systems have been developed for different AIMD applications. These batteries have the same requirements which include high safety, reliability, energy density and long service life, discharge indication. History, present and future of batteries used in AIMD are introduced in the article.
Subject(s)
Electric Power Supplies , Prostheses and ImplantsABSTRACT
Obiective To descript the method and the equipment of implantable single-point electric stimulation which is designed to continionsly and effectively treat the chronic diseases that harm the people's health. Methods The system is constructed with two parts, outside power transfer and implanted power receiver. The bypass capacitor of transistor and transformer inductor make up of power transmitter, which is half series resonant. With using transeutaneous power transform, the efficiency of this transform is studied. Experiments choose proper transmitting parameters: transformer winding is a 20 turns hollow coil of 35mm diameter, and the frequency is 150-200 kHz; the receiver winding is a 100 turns hollow coil of 10ram diameter. Results Finally the completed prototype of the system and the receiver can generate about 5-10 mA current to stimulation tissue with 5mm gap between receiver and radiator, which meets the requirement of application.ConclusionThis instrument can be used in all kinds of single-point stimulation experiment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a programmable neuromuscular electrical stimulation system as a potential countermeasure for muscle atrophy in long-term microgravity.Methods The system was mainly composed of a controllable constant current pulse generator,wires and skin electrodes.To meet the requirements of stimulating recipes selection,the stimulating parameters could be adjusted independently and the combinatorial output of different stimulating phases should also be achieved.Results The system worked well with high accuracy outputs.The sensation,contraction,tetany and pain thresholds of all the 5 waveforms stimulating signals were measured.For different stimulating waveforms,thresholds of each state were different and the subjective sensations induced by same stimulating amplitude were dissimilar.Conclusion The developed system providing powerful programmable and accurate stimulating signals,is convenient for the selection and verification of stimulating recipes and can be used as an instrument platform for study of electrical stimulation to prevent muscle atrophy in microgravity.Volunteer experiments have proved its validation for function of muscle contraction and provide primary basses for the optimization of stimulating recipes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To find out a PPM-based transcutaneous wireless bidirectional communication system for implantable medical device.Methods The wireless communication system included device implanted in the body,controller and PDA outside the body.Pulse position modulation(PPM) was used for the wireless bidirectional communication between device implanted in the body and controller outside the body.Results A PPM-based transcutaneous wireless communication system was realized.Its wireless bidirectional communication distance between device implanted in the body with titanium container and controller outside the body was over two inches.This system was with good position availability.Conclusion Pulse position modulation is successfully used for transcutaneous wireless communication system,and average power consumption for communication device implanted in the body is lowered greatly compared with ASK modulation method.At the same time,the volume of communication device implanted in the body is decreased for antenna common-using idea.