ABSTRACT
The prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis can significantly improve the survival of patients with solid tumors. However, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of metastasis. The main reason is that the existing intervention and therapeutic drugs are difficult to achieve precise prevention and treatment of metastasis. Due to disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) already exist in the metastatic target organs of early postoperative patients, they are difficult to be detected with existing imaging techniques, and there is a lack of effective intervention drugs and efficacy evaluation systems. When DTCs grow to be detectable by imaging, the patient is already in the advanced stage of cancer, which has become a bottleneck restricting the breakthroughs in metastasis prevention and treatment. This paper reviews the dormancy and survival mechanism of DTCs in metastatic target organs and its intervention strategies, in order to promote the curative effect of metastasis prevention and treatment.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the second and third most common causes of death by cancer, respectively. The etiologies of the two cancers are either infectious insult or due to chronic use of alcohol, smoking, diet, obesity and diabetes. Pathological changes in the composition of the gut microbiota that lead to intestinal inflammation are a common factor for both HCC and CRC. However, the gut microbiota of the cancer patient evolves with disease pathogenesis in unique ways that are affected by etiologies and environmental factors. In this review, we examine the changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota across the stages of the HCC and CRC. Based on the idea that the gut microbiota are an additional "lifeline" and contribute to the tumor microenvironment, we can observe from previously published literature how the microbiota can cause a shift in the balance from normal → inflammation → diminished inflammation from early to later disease stages. This pattern leads to the hypothesis that tumor survival depends on a less pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The differences observed in the gut microbiota composition between different disease etiologies as well as between HCC and CRC suggest that the tumor microenvironment is unique for each case.
ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses (CoVs), a family of enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface, unusually large RNA genome, and unique replication capability. CoVs are known to cause various potentially lethal human respiratory infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the very recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Unfortunately, neither drug nor vaccine has yet been approved to date to prevent and treat these diseases caused by CoVs. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment medications against human coronavirus are in urgent need. In the past decades, many natural compounds have been reported to possess multiple biological activities, including antiviral properties. In this article, we provided a comprehensive review on the natural compounds that interfere with the life cycles of SARS and MERS, and discussed their potential use for the treatment of COVID-19.
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This study aimed at exploring the effects of Griffipavixanthone,a natural small molecule extracted from Garcinia esculenta,on the autophagy and the mechanism behind it.Cervical cancer HeLa cells were selected as the model in vitro.Confocal microscopy,flow cytometry and immunoblotting were performed to know the impacts of Griffipavixanthone on signaling pathway over autophagy flux and calcium level;while nude mouse model was established to explore its anti-cancer action in vivo.It was found that Griffipavixanthone significantly induced GFP-LC3 puncta formation and the accumulation of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,and increased the protein expression of SQSTM1 in HeLa cells in a time and concentration dependent manner.MTT assay results showed that Griffipavixanthone inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in a dosage dependent manner,and eliminated the tolerance of tumor cells to nutrient starvation,which fastened the death of cells.Griffipavixanthone also down-regulated the concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm.Furthermore,the in vivo study indicated that intratumoral injection of Griffipavixanthone presented the anti-cancer effect to a certain extent.In conclusion,it was suggested that Griffipavixanthone inhibit autophagy with the potential to be developed into a clinical anti-cancer agent.Griffipavixanthone sensitized HeLa cells to nutrient stress-induced cell death through inhibiting the autophagy flux and the level of calcium in the cytoplasm.
ABSTRACT
Garcinia plants are one of the rich sources of natural xanthones and benzophenones which have attracted a great deal of attention from the scientists in the fields of chemistry and pharmacology. Recently, many structurally unique constituents with various bioactivities, especially anti-tumor activity, have been isolated from Garcinia plants. This concise review focused on the anti-cancer activity natural products isolated from Chinese Garcinia plants, and the research finding by authors and collaborators over the past several years were cited.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of pseudoaneurysm .Methods The clinical data of 17 cases of pseudoaneurysm from Jan .2007 to Dec .2011 were reviewed retrospectively ,10 cases were caused by iatrogenic ,6 cases were drug caused by injection of poison ,and 1 case was was caused by trauma .2 cases of brachial artery pseudoaneurysm ,and 15 cases of arte-ria femoralis pseudoaneurysm .1 case was treated by simple compressive therapy ,the other 16 underwent surgical treatment and the pseudoaneurysm was removed ,in which 3 cases were treated by artery patch repair ,7 were treated by bypass with prosthetic grafts , 2 were treated by bypass with saphenous vein ,4 were treated by bypass with superficial femoral vein branch .Results There was no death except 1 case died because her family gave up ,All patients with signs and symptoms were significantly alleviated ,and there was no severe ischemia limb leading to amputation in postoperative follow-up .Conclusion The revascularization of the artery in pseudoaneurysm patients can make a significant improvement in the long-term quality of life .
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Objective: To investigate the effects of simulated altitude acute hypoxia on appetite and orexin mRNA expression in rats. Methods: Rats were exposed to hypobaric chambersimulating different high altitude (3000m,4000m,5000m,6000m) for different times (8h/d;1d,3d and 7d respectively), and the changes of appetite, weight gain, and the orexin mRNA expression in hypothalamus of rats were examined. Results: With the increasement of hypoxia time and simulated altitude, the total food intake of rats and the orexin A and B mRNA expression in hypothalamus decreased gradually as compared with control. After 7 days of hypoxia, the weight gain of rats was significantly different(P
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The microcirculatory perfusion of liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine andtail were measured by a laser doppler flowmeter after intravenous injection of agkistro-don antithrombotic anzyme (0. 05 U, 0. 025 U/100 g B. W.) in 40 hemorrhagic shockrats and 15 hemorrhagic rabbits. The results showed that 5～20 min after injection therenal perfusion increased significantly, but there was no marked increase of renal arteryblood flow when it was simultanously detected with a electromagnetic flowmeter, thoughthe urine was increased. Authors suggested that Svate may have decreased the resistenceof renal microcirculation and accelerate the veosity of renal microcirculation, thus theyincreased the microcirculatory perfusion in renal cortex.