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Objective:To investigate the distribution and related factors of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level in healthy Tajik and Kazak adults in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to October 2021 and March to June 2022, and blood samples were collected from 2, 637 healthy Tajik adults [1 010 men, average age: (40.08±14.74) years; 1 627 women, average age: (38.27±12.90) years] in Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County and 1 911 healthy Kazak adults [720 men, average age: (42.10±12.26) years; 1 191 women, average age: (38.27±12.90) years] in Fuyun County of Xinjiang. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and Lp(a) were measured. The distribution of Lp(a) levels in different sex and age groups was compared. The Lp(a) level of Tajik and Kazakh ethnic groups was compared by Mann-Whitney U test, and correlation factors of Lp(a) level were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results:The distribution of Lp(a) level in Tajik and Kazak population was skewed. Lp(a) levels of Tajik and Kazak ranged from the lowest 0.40 mg/L and 0.62 mg/L to the highest 1 229.40 mg/L and 2 108.58 mg/L, respectively, and the median Lp(a) level was 78.90 (38.60, 190.20) mg/L and 103.30 (49.57, 234.27) mg/L, respectively. Median Lp(a) level of Kazak was significantly higher than that of Tjik ( P<0.001). The median Lp(a) levels of Tajik males and females were similar: 77.45 (39.80, 187.10) mg/L and 79.90 (38.60, 192.30) mg/L ( P=0.948). The median Lp(a) levels of Kazakh males and females were also similar: 109.42 (50.49, 230.38) mg/L and 99.01 (49.11, 237.25) mg/L, respectively ( P=0.578). After pooling the data of Tajik and Kazak and adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, blood pressure, blood glucose and other factors, Lp(a) level was correlated with ethnic (standard partial regression coefficient 0.066, P=0.008) and LDL-C level (standard partial regression coefficient 0.136, P<0.001). Conclusions:Lp(a) level in healthy Tajik and Kazak adults varied greatly among individuals, and Kazak residents had a higher Lp(a) level than Tajik residents. There was no significant sex difference in Lp(a) level among Tajik and Kazakh, and LDL-C and ethnicity are independent factors related to Lp(a) level.
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Chitosan and its derivatives with good characteristics such as non-toxicity,good biocompatibility and degradability,mu-cosal adhesion and permeability promotion etc,have been widely researched and applied in the field of drug carriers. Based on the re-cently published papers at home and abroad,the application and action mechanism of chitosan and its derivatives as drug carriers were analyzed and discussed,and the application and research progress of chitosan and its derivatives as anti-tumor drug targeting carriers, sustained-release and controlled-release drug carriers,ophthalmic drug carriers,gene carriers and gel bases were reviewed.
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Rhizoma Corydalis ,a herb with analgesic effects and being able to promote blood circulation ,has been used for more than hundreds of years in China .Rhizoma Corydalis mainly comes from Zhejiang ,Jiangsu ,Hubei and Hunan prov-ince .The major effective components are alkaloids ,which have sedative ,hypnotic ,analgesic pharmacological effects .It has in-dications for chest ,rib and back pain ,dysmenorrhea ,traumatic injury ,etc .The main formulation of Rhizoma Corydalis is vinegar product .The processing technology has significant effect on the content of active components and therapeutic efficacy . It is very important to improve and optimize decoction method .This paper reviewed the processing technology and the pharma-cological effects of Rhizoma corydalis .
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Objective:To optimize the formula of film-forming materials for compound rhizoma corydalis plastics. Methods:Poly-vinyl alcohol 124 (PVA124) and bletilla striata gum were selected as the film-forming materials. The amounts of PVA 124, bletilla striata gum, glycerol and absolute ethanol were used as the influencing factors in an orthogonal test with the composite score of film-forming time and appearance as the indices to screen out the best composition of film-forming materials. Results:The best composition of film-forming materials was as follows:8 g PVA 124, 1 g bletilla striata gum, 2 ml glycerol and 15 ml ethanol. Conclusion:The op-timized film-forming materials can be used for the preparation of compound rhizoma corydalis plastics.
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Primary dysmenorrheal is one of the most common diseases in gynecology,which seriously affects the physical and men-tal health of women, therefore, the effective prevention and treatment of primary dysmenorrheal is a problem in medical field. The etiol-ogy of primary dysmenorrheal is very complicated, and in recent years, there are more and more domestic and foreign scholars studying on its pathogenesis and treatment. Modern medicine has some shortcomings in the treatment of dysmenorrheal including side effects and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal. Combined with the recent rele-vant reporters, the article reviewed the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrheal from both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medi-cine aspects, and the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of primary dysmenorrheal was also reviewed to provide better guidance for the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal.
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Objective:To optimize the extraction technology of tetrahydropalmatine in Corydalis yanhusuo. Methods:An L9 (34 ) orthogonal experiment was performed to investigate the effects of ethanol concentration, ethanol amount, extraction temperature and ex-traction time on the extraction results with the content of tetrahydropalmatine as the evaluation index. Results:The optimum conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1 :10 ( g·ml-1 ) , 60% ethanol was used as the extraction solvent, the extraction tempera-ture was at 80 ° C for three-time extraction, and the extraction duration for each time was 1 h. Conclusion: The optimized extraction technology for tetrahydropalmatine from Corydalis yanhusuo is stable, reasonable, feasible and easy-operated with low energy consump-tion, which can enhance the comprehensive utilization of Corydalis yanhusuo.
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Objective: To review the application of polymeric micelles as the vehicles in transdermal delivery systems.Methods: Based on the recently published papers, the researches of preparation, penetration mechanism, drug release and application of polymeric micelles in transdermal delivery systems were classified and summarized.Results: Polymeric micelles were extensively applied as drug vehicles due to the ability of solubilization and transdermal absorption enhancement.Conclusion: Polymeric micelles can be used as promising vehicles in transdermal delivery systems, which show a good application prospect.
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Objective:To determine the inhibitory effect of Rupixiao ( RPX) granule on mammary gland hyperplasia ( HMG) in rabbits and explore the possible mechanism to provide reference for clinical medication. Methods:Rabbit model of mammary hyperpla-sia was established by estradiol benzoate and progesterone. Xiaoyao pills and tamoxifen were used as the positive control, and the RPX granule group was respectively at low, medium and high dose (0. 525,1. 05,2. 1 g·kg-1). Each group was with intragastric adminis-tration for 30 days. The levels of E2 , PROG, FSH, LH and PRL in serum and the expression of VEGF in the homogenate tissue were determined by an Elisa method. The breast tissue of rabbits in each group was withdrawn to observe the structure changes after Hema-toxylin-eosin staining ( HE) . Results:Ovarian preservation-benzoic acid, estradiol combined with progesterone could be used to estab-lish mammary gland hyperplasia in rabbits. RPX granule could significantly decrease the serum levels of E2 and PRL (P<0. 01)and increase that of PROG (P<0. 01 or P<0. 001). The results of pathological section showed that the breast structure in RPX granule high dose group could be restored to the level of the blank control group, which showed its therapeutic effect on HMG was better than that of tamoxifen and Xiaoyao pills. The expression of VEGF in each treatment group significantly decreased compared with that in the model group by the Elisa reagent (P<0. 001). Conclusion:RPX granule has good efficacy in HMG rabbits. The inhibitory effects of RPX granule on HMG in rabbits maybe related to the inhibition of VEGF in rabbit breast tissues, and the inhibition of RPX granule was similar to that of tamoxifen and Xiaoyao pills.
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Objective: To optimize the extraction technology of Panax notoginseng and Scrophulariae radix from Rupixiao granule.Methods: With the dry extract rate and transfer rates of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and harpagoside as the comprehensive index, the orthogonal design was adopted to investigate the effects of the amount and concentration of ethanol, extracting duration and times on the extraction technology.The contents of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and harpagoside were determined by HPLC.Results: The optimal extraction technology was extracted twice with 8-fold amount of 60% ethanol with 2 h per time.The transfer rate of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and harpagoside was (79.4%±1.56%), (42.62%±0.68%) and (44.89%±0.58%)(n=3), respectively.The dry extract rate was (20.99%±0.411%).Conclusion: The optimized extraction technology is stable and feasible, which can be used for extracting Panax notoginseng and Scrophulariae radix from Rupixiao granule.
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Objective To study effects of Rupixiao granules on contraction of uterus of mice in vitro. Methods Mouse model with isolated uterine contraction was established. The mice pretreated with estradiol benzoate were sacrificed and then the uteri were taken out. The normal contractions were recorded by the biological function system. Effects of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg.mL-1 Rupixiao granules on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced (5 U.L-1) uterine contractions were recorded,inhibition of Rupixiao granules on mean constriction amplitude,constriction frequency and contraction activity of pitocin-pretreated uterus was observed and the inhibition rates were calculated. Results Compared with the baselines, the amplitude, frequency, activity of spontaneous uterine contraction were significantly down-regulated by Rupixiao solution at a range of 10-60 mg.mL-1 ,as well as it could inhibit oxytocin-induced spasmodic contraction of isolated uterus at 10-50 mg . mL-1 ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion The Rupixiao granules inhibits spontaneous contraction of isolated mouse uteri and oxytocin-induced spasm of uterine smooth muscle in vitro.
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Objective:To research the anti-dysmenorrhea effect of different extracts of Rupixiao granules. Methods:The anti-dys-menorrhea effect of different extracts of Rupixiao granules was studied by writhing test induced by oxytocin in mice. Results:Compared with the model group, the extracts of Rupixiao granules could reduce the writhing times induced by oxytocin significantly (P0. 05). Conclusion:The water-soluble parts of Rupixiao granules have significant anti-dysmenor-rhea effect.
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The stratum corneum barrier and the other issues in transdermal drug delivery system have attracted more and more at-tention, and the novel liposomes as the drug delivery vehicles effectively solve the problems. The novel liposomes can significantly im-prove transdermal drug penetration, therefore, can enhance efficacy and shows high application value and development prospects. In the paper, combined with some domestic and foreign current researches, the classification, penetration mechanisms and application of the novel liposomes were reviewed.
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Various new ophthalmic formulations have been prepared to enhance ocular bioavailability,while lots of irritant sub-stances are applied,including surfactants,polymers and other cationic materials. Therefore,safety of the preparations has been paid more and more attention besides the efficacy. Since in vitro experiments lack of associated enzymes and integral reaction of organiza-tion,the reasonability and correlation of the results extrapolated to the animal experiments still need to be further proved. The in vivo common eye irritation methods( winking,histopathological slices,Draize score and confocal microscopy test etc)were reviewed,eval-uated and analyzed in the paper.
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Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Rupixiao granules. Methods:Activity of Rupixi-ao granules against xylene-induced ear edema in mice was measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect, while the analgesic effect was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing test and hot plate test in mice. Results:Compared with the control group, Rupixiao gran-ules groups (1. 0, 2. 0 and 4. 0 g·kg·d-1) could significantly inhibit ear swelling in mice(P<0. 05 or 0. 001), and reduce the acetic acid induced writhing times(P<0. 01 or 0. 001). Rupixiao granules at medium and high dose could significantly increase the pain thresh-old of mice in the hot plate test. Conclusion:Rupixiao granules exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
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Objective:To review the application of microemulsions as vehicles in transdermal delivery systems. Methods:Based on the recently published papers, the research on the application of microemulsions was classified and summarized. Results: Microe-mulsions is extensively applied as drug vehicles due to the ability of solubilization, drug permeation enhancement and efficacy improve-ment. Conclusion:Microemulsions as promising vehicles for transdermal delivery show a good application prospect.
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BACKGROUND: Fetal microchimerism is a kind of stem cells which comes from fetus in pluripara. The research on fetal microchimerism is a hotspot because it may affect the health condition of pluripara.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the methods of how to detect fetal microchimerism, and the function of fetal microchimerism during disease and tissue repair of the mother.METHODS: Fetal microchimerism was used as a key word, and papers published before 2011-05-20 were retrieved in PubMed. Repetitive papers were eliminated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 655 papers were retrieved, and finally 26 were reviewed. There are several methods used for fetal microchimerism detecting, and fetal microchimerism may pay an important role in the pathomechanism of pluripara autoimmune diseases, cancer and tissue repair.