Analyses of diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration in children with tracheobronchial variations / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the key issues in the diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration in children with tracheobronchial variations.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was performed for 11 pediatric patients who were treated in Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henan Province People′s Hospital after a diagnosis of foreign body aspiration with tracheobronchial variations between January 2015 and December 2017. There were 7 males and 4 females among the 11 cases of foreign body aspiration with tracheobronchial variations, ranging between 9 months and 11 years of age.@*Results@#Among 11 cases, the types of variationswere tracheal bronchus in 9 cases, bridging bronchus in 1 case and simple tracheal stenosis in 1 case. All of the pediatric patients were under general anesthesia, and the foreign bodies were removed by bronchoscopy successfully with no significant complications.@*Conclusions@#The possibility of tracheobronchial variations should be considered in children with recurrent wheezing and poor efficacy of regular treatment before foreign body aspiration. Removal of foreign body via rigid bronchoscope under general anesthesia is a safe and effective treatment. These children are needed to combine the situation oftracheobronchial variations and the location of foreign bodies to guide the operation, and strengthened the perioperative treatment.

"""Irrigation method"" in prevention and treatment of portal vein hypertension after small-for-size liver transplantation" / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate effective approach to decrease portal venous hypertension and high perfusion of portal vein caused by small-for-size (SFS) liver graft transplantation with the aim of improving hepatocellular microcirculation.Methods Rat models with SFS liver graft (n =62) were well estab lished and divided into SFS group and trans-portal intrabepatic portosystemic shunt (TPIPSS) group.Hemodynamic parameters,histopathologically morphologic changes,postoperative complications,accumulated survival rate were recorded and analyzed.Venous filling time after liver reperfusion,hemodynamic parameters were evaluated using t test and Kruskal-Wallis test.Kaplan-Meier method was performed for survival analysis.Results Venous filling time after liver reperfusion was remarkably prolonged with the application of multihole cone-shaped tubes.Compared with SFS group,the filling time was 4-second longer in TPIPSS.At each endpoints of reperfusion within 90 mins,the portal vein pressures were lowered in the TPIPSS group than those of SFS group.Liver grafts were present with more regular structures in TPIPSS group,with no sign of hepatic sinusoid congestion or irregular clearance extension.In the aspect of postoperative complications,all the rat receivers showed ascites in the SFS group.Nevertheless,there was no ascites observed in TPIPSS rats,and 50％ rats (5/10) experienced clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy.Persistent fever over 7 days was showed in 10％ rats (1/10) of SFS group and 40％ rats (4/10) of TPIPSS group,respectively.The mean survival was superior in TPIPSS group (37.2 ± 23.5) d than SFS group (17.7 ± 13.5) d,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusion TPIPSS could be a safe and feasible approach to improve portal venous hypertension caused by SFS liver graft and hepatocellular reperfusion.

Influence of acupuncture combined with enema on uterine hemodynamics and HMGB1, TLR4 in the patients with acute pelvic inflammatory / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of acupuncture combined with enema in the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory, and its effects on uterine hemodynamics and seurm levels of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Methods A total of 66 patients with acute pelvic inflammatory were enrolled in the study, randomly divided into the combination treatment group (n=33) and conventional treatment group (n=33). The patients in the combination treatment group were given with acupuncture combined with enema on the basis of conventional therapy. After 10 d treatment, the effective rate was observed. The changes of serum HMGB1 and TLR4 were compared and analyzed. Results After 10 d treatment, the total effective rate was 90.91% (30/33) in the combination treatment group, and 69.70% (23/33) in the conventional treatment group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (χ2=8.246,P<0.05).After treatment,the left Vmax(39.16 ± 0.73 cm/s vs.35.47 ± 0.83 cm/s),right Vmax(41.23 ± 1.12 cm/s vs.36.24 ± 0.75 cm/s),left PI(2.23 ± 0.25 cm/s vs.3.11 ±0.45 cm/s),right PI(2.17 ± 0.22 cm/s vs. 2.62 ± 0.23 cm/s),left RI(0.48 ± 0.08 cm/s vs.0.73 ± 0.13 cm/s)and right RI(0.43 ± 0.11 cm/s vs.0.71 ± 0.16 cm/s)of the combined treatment group were significantly superior to the conventional treatment group (all P<0.01). The levels of serum HMGB1(17.45 ± 5.01 ng/ml vs.21.32 ± 6.15 ng/ml,t=2.803)and TLR4(1.05 ± 0.64 ng/ml vs. 1.75 ± 0.91 ng/ml, t=3.614) in the combination treatment group were significantly lower than those in conventional treatment group (all P<0.01). Conclusions Acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine enema treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease is better, improve the uterine hemodynamics. The mechanism may be related to inhibit the release of HMGB1, TLR4 and its induced inflammatory response.

Development of the Chinese nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop the Chinese version of the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After introduction, forward and backward translation, synthesis, expert committee review, pretest, adaptation and validation followed the international guidelines, the Chinese version of NOSE scale was tested among 223 nasal septal deviation patients and 80 health volunteers to further assess its psychometric and clinical properties. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Chinese version demonstrated satisfactory evaluation results. The acceptance rate of the questionnaire was 97.6% and 94.1% in the patient group and control group respectively, and the completion time was (1.5 ± 0.5)min and (1.0 ± 0.5)min. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) was calculated to be 0.869. Test-retest reliability coefficient was adequate at rs = 0.996. Content validity was approved by our expert committee. Criteria validity (Spearman correlation coefficient) between NOSE Chinese version and SF-36, as well as VAS was -0.837 and 0.725 separately. Construct validity of Chinese version was similar to that of the original edition. The standardized response mean and the effect size at three months postoperatively was respectively 1.34 and 1.21, indicating high responsiveness. Calculated by Mann-Whitney U test, the instrument showed excellent sensitivity to discriminate the subjects with or without nasal obstruction (P < 0.01). The NOSE scores were also correlated with nasal resistance by rhinomanometry.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The NOSE Chinese version was successfully cross-cultural adapted and validated. It therefore can be recommended as a robust tool for future measuring subjective severity of nasal obstruction in China.</p>

Analysis on therapeutic efficacy of different approaches for treating fungal maxillary sinusitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the response of simple endoscopic surgery and endoscopic surgery plus small windows through canine fossa surgery for fungal maxillary sinusitis.@*METHOD@#Twenty-five patients were applied the endoscopic surgery plus small windows through Canine fossa surgery as the treatment group, and the other 25 were applied the simple endoscopic surgery as control.@*RESULT@#During a follow up for 1-2 years, the effect of fungal maxillary sinusitis under endoscopic by dual approach is superior to simple endoscopic. There were obvious differences between the two groups(chi2 = 4.268, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Endoscopic surgery plus small windows through canine fossa surgery for fungal maxillary sinusitis can fully expose maxillary sinus cavity,destroy the abnormal tissues completely, change the low oxygen environment, ensure the normal physiological function of maxillary sinus mucosa, and really achieve radical minimally invasive purpose.

Analyses of the olfactory disorder patients' nasal airway resistance before and after endoscopic sinus surgery / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the changes of nasal airway resistance (NAR) and olfactory recovery in patients with olfactory disorder before and after endoscopic sinus surgery.@*METHOD@#Olfactory functions and NAR in 105 patients with olfactory disorder diagnosed as chronic rhino-sinusitis and/or nasal polyps were measured with five taste test olfactory liquid and anterior rhinomanometry. The patients were grouped according to their olfactory disturbance degree before the surgery and recovery of olfaction after the surgery.@*RESULT@#Before the surgery, the degree of olfactory disorder were accompanied with varied clinic classifications. Six months after the surgery, the patients whose conditions were less serious before surgery recovered better. Before and after the surgery, significant difference of the nasal airway resistance was found between the three-groups whose olfactory disorder degree were different. After the surgery, no difference was found of the nasal airway resistance between the three-groups whose olfactory disorder degree were different before the surgery and the recovery of olfaction degree were different after the surgery.@*CONCLUSION@#Endoscopic sinus surgery can decrease the nasal airway resistance of patients with olfactory disorder. We can evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery more objectively combined with nasal airway resistance analysis.

Study on andrographolide-induced apoptosis of Candida albicans biofilm dispersion cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the effect of andrographolide on apoptosis of Candida albicans biofilm dispersion cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The morphological changes of apoptotic C. albicans biofilm cells were observed by using Hoechst 33258 staining Fluorescence microscope; changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of C. albicans biofilm cells were detected by rhodamine 123 staining flow cytometry; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DHR staining flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>1 000, 100 micromol x L(-1) of andrographolide could cause pyknosis and dense staining of C. albicans biofilm cells, 1 000, 100, 10 micromol x L(-1) of andrographolide could decrease MMP and increase ROS of C. albicans biofilm cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Andrographolide of appropriate concentrations could induce apoptosis of dispersion cells of C. albicans biofilms.</p>

Advances in the study of synergistic effect of anti-biofilm agents / 药学学报

Biofilms are communities of surface-associated bacteria or fungi embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix that are notoriously difficult to be eradicated and are sources of many recalcitrant infections. Treatment for biofilm infection with any individual drug is always less effective, while the combinations of different types of drugs are superior to monotherapy concerning the removing of biofilms. This paper focus on research progress in recent years for synergistic effect of drugs in combination against biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

Inhibitory effect of baicalin on germ tube formation and adhesion of Candida albicans / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of baicalin against Candida albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various concentrations of baicalin (100, 50, 10 mg x L(-1)) were incubated with C. albicans suspension, the mixed suspension of C. albicans and human buccal epitherial cells, the mixed suspension of C. albicans and vaginal epitherial cells, respectively. The effects of baicalin on C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells were then assessed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All concentrations of baicalin could inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherent to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells,while there was no significant difference between standard and clinical strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Baicalin could inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells.</p>

In vitro activity of baicalin against non-albicans Candida biofilms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of baicalin against Candida glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. guilliermondii biofilms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>96-well microtitre plates were used to set up the biofilms; microdilution method was applied to detect minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of baicalin for the four non-albians Candida, and XTT reduction assay was adopted to determine sessile minimal inhibitory concentration (SMIC) of baicalin against the four isolates and to detect the effects on adhesion of the fungal cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>MICs of baicalin for the four non-albians Candida cells were 125, 250, 125, 62.5 mg L(-1), respectively. The four non-albians Candida could form mature biofilms on 96-well microtitre plates. SMIC50 of baicalin for the four isolates were > 1000, 500, 125, 250 mg x L(-1), respectively. SMIC80 for the four isolates were greater than or equal to 1000 mg x L(-1). Baicalin showed potent inhibitory effects on adhesion of the four non-albians Candida cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Baicalin displays substantial inhibitory effects on C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. guilliermondii biofilm.</p>

In vitro activity of gallic acid against Candida albicans biofilms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of gallic acid against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>XTT reduction assay was performed to determine the effect of gallic acid on C. albicans biofilms and its adherence, and microscopic examination was conducted to assess the effect of gallic acid on morphogenesis of C. albicans biofilms; and cytotoxic assay was used to measure the adverse effects of gallic acid.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>SMIC50, SMIC50 of gallic acid against C. albicans biofilms were 500, 1000 mg x L(-1), respectively; 100 mg x L(-1) and 1000 mg x L(-1) of gallic acid could inhibit the initial adherence and filamentous growth, and the agent showed poor cytotoxic activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>gallic acid displayed potent activity against C. albicans biofilm.</p>