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Objective:To analyze the clinical distribution characteristics and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus infection and provide clinical basis for rational use of antibacterial drugs.Methods:From 2016 to 2019, 462 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from sputum specimens of hospitalized children in Jingzhou Central Hospital.The clinical distribution characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus infection and drug resistance of various antibacterial drugs were analyzed.Results:Among 462 strains of Staphylococcus aureus infection, 285 strains were male, accounting for 61.7%, 177 strains were female, accounting for 38.3%.There was no statisticall significant difference between male and female children with Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia(χ 2=0.762, P=0.383). Staphylococcus aureus mainly infected children under 1 year old(χ 2=73.163, P<0.001), and the seasonal distribution was mainly in winter and spring(χ 2=27.656, P<0.001). A total of 462 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were detected, of which 363 strains(78.6%) were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA), and 99 strains(21.4%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). MSSA and MRSA were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, tigecycline, teicoplanin, rifampicin, linezolid, quinoprotein-daffodil and nitrofurantoin.The sensitivity of MSSA to levofloxacin, gentamicin, compound sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were 100.0%, 95.9%, 91.7%, 72.2%, 96.7%, 92.6% and 90.0%, respectively.The sensitivity of MRSA to levofloxacin, gentamicin, compound sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin, rifampicin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were 91.9%, 82.8%, 80.8%, 57.6%, 90.9%, 77.8% and 76.8%, respectively, and it suggested that the drug resistance rate of MRSA was higher than MSSA, and there was statistically significant difference.The antibiotics with high MSSA resistance rate were penicillin G(91.2%), erythromycin(61.7%), clindamycin(50.1%), MRSA was 100.0% resistant to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusion:The situation of clinical infection of Staphylococcus aureus in children is grim, and the Staphylococcus aureus detected in the specimens of respiratory tract infection in children is mainly MSSA, which has good sensitivity to most antibacterial drugs.MRSA and MSSA have obvious differences in drug resistance to various antibacterial drugs.Antibiotics should be used rationally, and nosocomial infection control should be strengthened to prevent and reduce the occurrence of MRSA.
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Objective To observe the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) on the infil-tration of macrophages and the expression of nuclear factor-κB in mice model of unilateral ureteral obstruc-tion(UUO).Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:injected intra-abdominally with saline-sham-operated group(saline-sham group,n =8),injection intra-abdominally with saline-UUO-operated group(saline-UUO group,n=8),injection intra-abdominally with anti-BMP4-sham-operated group (anti-BMP4-sham group,n=8),and injection intra-abdominally with anti-BMP4-UUO-operated group(anti-BMP4-UUO group,n=8).Either saline or anti-BMP4(group 200 μl/gram of body weight per day) were injected intra-abdominally for 7 days after surgery.Mice were sacrificed at 7th day to evaluate the expression of CD68 and p-P65 by immunohistochemical staining in each group.Besides,the p-P65 protein level was also analyzed by Western blotting in four groups.Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expres-sions of CD68 and p-P65 were significantly reduced in the kidney cortices in anti-BMP4-UUO group than in saline-UUO group(P<0.05,respectively).Similar to that,the p-P65 protein level was significantly reduced in the kidney cortices in anti-BMP4-UUO group than in saline-UUO group(P < 0.05,respectively). Conclusion BMP4 participates in the process of renal interstitial inflammation in obstructive nephropathy, and may play a role through the activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
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Objective To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) mRNA,p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) mRNA and cytokine in peripheral blood of children with measles and to study the effect and possible mechanism for TLR2-p38 MAPK signal pathway defects on immune suppression in the children with measles during acute phase.Methods Thirty children with measles hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases from June 2012 to July 2013 were enrolled into the measles group,and 30 healthy children were chosen as the healthy control group.The mRNA expressions of TLR and p38 MAPK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The protein levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β),interleukin (IL)-12,IL-6 and IL-10 in plasma were measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and flow cytometry (FCM)was applied to detect the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulation.The serum IgG,IgA and IgM levels were detected by velocity scatter turbidimetry.Results (1) The expressions of TLR2 mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA in the measles group were both significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with the healthy control group,the protein levels of IFN-γ,TNF-β and IL-12 in the plasma of the measles group decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly(all P ＜ 0.05).(3)Compared with the healthy control group,the percentage of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 + ratio and the level of IgG and IgA in the measles group decreased significantly(all P ＜ 0.05),and the percentage of CD19 + increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no any significant change in the percentage of CD8 + and the level of IgM (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The mRNA expressions of TLR2 and p38 MAPK are low in PBMC in the measles children during acute phase.There are different degrees of suppression of cell immunity,humoral immune and cytokines disorder in children with measles.Defects of TLR2-p38 MAPK signal pathway may cause the formation of measles immune suppression.
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Objective To study the diagnostic value of Sox2 mRNA transcription level in bronchoscopic biopsy specimens from lung cancer patients. Methods The expression of Sox2 mRNA was detected using RT-PCR from 100 hu-man lung cancer biopsy and 18 non-cancer lung biopsy through bronchoscopy. The expression of Sox2 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry from 50 cases of lung cancer biopsy, 32 cases of benign lung lesions and 18 cases of pericarcino-matous normal lung tissues. Then the relationships between Sox2 mRNA transcription level and lung cancer clinical patho-logical parameters were analyzed to test the diagnostic value of Sox2 transcription level. Results The transcription of Sox2 mRNA and its protein expression level were significantly higher in lung cancer than that in benign pulmonary disease tissues (P＜0.05). The transcription of Sox2 mRNA was not correlated with age, gender, histology, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and differentiation of lung cancer patients (P>0.05). The Sox2 mRNA yielded an area of 0.748 under the ROC curve with the sensitivity of 85.0%and the specificity of 61.1%, taking the cut-off value of 0.513. Conclusion The Sox2 mRNA might be a useful diagnostic marker for lung cancer.
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Objective To detect the expressions and clinical significance of Nanog and CD44 protein in lung cancer. Methods The expressions of Nanog and CD44 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 50 cases of lung cancer, 32 cases of benign lesion lung tissue and 18 cases of paraneoplastic normal lung tissue. Then their relationships with clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Results The expression of Nanog in lung cancer was significantly higher than those in benign lesion lung tissue and paraneoplastic normal lung tissue (P 0.05). The expressions of Nanog and CD44 in squamous cell carcinomas were higher than those in adenocarcinomas and small cell lung carcinomas (P 0.05). The positive correlation was also noted between the expressions of Nanog and CD44 in lung cancer (r = 0.564, P < 0.05). Conclusion Nanog and CD44 proteins may participate in the genesis and progression of lung cancer. Nanog protein is a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for lung cancer.