Cancer incidence and mortality in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China, 2016: a population-based study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUNDS@#Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, seriously threatening human health and life expectancy. We aimed to analyze the cancer incidence and mortality rates during 2016 in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China.@*METHODS@#Data were collected from 14 population-based cancer registries across Zhejiang Province of China. Cancer incidence and mortality rates stratified by sex and region were analyzed. The crude rate, age-standardized rate, age-specific and region-specific rate, and cumulative rate were calculated. The proportions of 10 common cancers in different groups and the incidence and mortality rates of the top five cancers in different age groups were also calculated. The Chinese national census of 2000 and the world Segi population was used for calculating the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.@*RESULTS@#The 14 cancer registries covered a population of 14,250,844 individuals, accounting for 29.13% of the population of Zhejiang Province. The total reported cancer cases and deaths were 55,835 and 27,013, respectively. The proportion of morphological verification (MV%) was 78.95% of the population, and percentage of incident cases identified through death certificates only (DCO%) was 1.23% with a mortality-to-incidence ratio (M/I ratio) of 0.48. The crude incidence rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 391.80/105; the age-standardized incidence rate of the Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and the age-standardized incidence rate of the world standard population (ASIRW) were 229.76/105 and 220.96/105, respectively. The incidence rate in men was higher than that in women. The incidence rate increased rapidly after 45 years of age and peaked in individuals aged 80 to 84 years. The top 10 incidence rates of cancers were lung cancer, female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer (from highest to lowest). The crude mortality rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 189.55/105; the age-standardized mortality rate of the Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and the age-standardized mortality rate of the world standard population (ASMRW) were 94.46/105 and 93.42/105, respectively. The mortality rate in men was higher than that in women, and the male population in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The cancer mortality rate increased rapidly after 50 years of age and peaked in individuals aged 85+ years. The top 10 mortality rates of cancers were lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, female breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia (from highest to lowest).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Lung cancer, female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer were the most common cancers in Zhejiang Province. Effective prevention and control measures should be established after considering the different characteristics of cancers in urban and rural areas.

An analysis on the result of early detection and treatment of cancer in Zhejiang urban population / 预防医学

Objective To investigate cancer high - risk rate,screening rate,detection rate in Zhejiang urban area and to provide the further evidence for cancer screening,early detection and treatment programs. Methods Epidemiological investigation and cancer risk evaluation were launched among 40 - 69 years old residents in Hangzhou and Ningbo city. People who were at high risk of lung cancer,liver cancer,upper digestive tract cancer,female breast cancer and colorectal cancer could receive clinical screening for free. Cancer high risk rates,screening rate and clinical detection rates were calculated. Results A total of 41 547 residents finished questionnaires and cancer risk evaluation. Cancer high risk rates of lung,liver,upper digestive,female breast and colorectal were 14. 05% ,12. 58% ,23. 28% ,11. 50% and 11. 82% , respectively. The rates of people who encountered single,couple,three,four and five types of cancer high risk were 29. 64% ,10. 97% ,3. 41% ,1. 16% ,0. 38% ,respectively. Screening rates for the five types of cancer were 50. 91% for lung cancer,49. 16% for liver cancer,19. 55% for upper digestive tract cancer,56. 25% for female breast cancer and 21. 75% for colorectal cancer. Lung cancer/ suspected lung cancer detection rate was 2. 42% . Breast cancer screening BI- RADS Grade 4 - 5 detection rate was 6. 71% . Upper digestive tract cancer detection rate was 0. 32% . Liver cancer detection rate was 0. 04% . Colorectal cancer detection rate was 0. 75% . Conclusion Technical solutions and program management should be improved to enhance the effect of cancer screening,early detection and treatment programs.

Crypotanshione reduces the expression of metadherin in DU145 prostate cancer cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of crypotanshinone (CPT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of DU145 prostate cancer cells as well as on the metadherin expression and the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the DU145 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We treated DU145 prostate cancer cells with different concentrations of CPT for 24, 48, and 72 hours followed by evaluation of the proliferation and apoptosis of the cells by MTT assay and TUNEL, respectively. We determined the expressions of metadherin protein and mRNA in the DU145 cells by Western blot and RT-PCR respectively at different time points after CPT treatment. We also detected the expressions of the proteins metadherin, AKT, p-AKT, and Bcl-2 in the CPT-treated DU145 cells at 48 hours.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CPT significantly inhibited the proliferation of the DU145 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). After treatment with 10 µmol/L CPT for 24, 48, and 72 hours, the apoptosis rates of the DU145 cells were (29.42 ± 4.51), (55.07 ± 5.67) and (70.84 ± 4.66)%, respectively, significantly higher than (3.1 ± 2.48)% in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of metadherin was remarkably downregulated at the transcription and translation levels (P < 0.05) and the expressions of the AKT signaling pathway and the Bcl-2 protein were markedly inhibited in the DU145 cells after treated with 10 µmol/L CPT for 48 hours (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CPT can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of DU145 prostate cancer cells, which may be associated with its suppression of the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by reducing the expression of metadherin in the DU145 cells.</p>

An analysis on bladder cancer incidence and mortality in cancer registries of Zhejiang province,2000-2009 / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the bladder cancer incidence and mortality in cancer registries of Zhejiang province during 2000 to 2009.Methods The data were collected from six cancer registries in Zhejiang province.Staff of Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Prevention and Control Office checked the data and calculated crude rate,standardized rate and trend. Results The incidence rate of bladder cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 6.97 /105 during 2000 to 2009. The incidence of male was higher than female,the ratio was 3.40∶1.The incidence rate increased from 2000(6.36 /105 ) to 2009(7.99 /105 ),with the Annual Percent Change (APC)of 3.69% (95% Confidence Interval:2.49% ~4.90%). The mortality rate of bladder cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 2.00 /105 during 2000 to 2009.The mortality of male was higher than female,with the ratio 3.27∶1.The mortality of bladder cancer showed ascending trend with a slight fluctuation from 2000 to 2009 (APC =2.28%).The incidence and mortality of bladder cancer showed significantly increasing in above 55 years old age groups.The incidence rate peaked in the 80 -84 age group,while the mortality peaked at age group of over 85 years old.Conclusion The bladder cancer prevention and control work should be focused on the elderly male population in Zhejiang province.

Incidence and mortality of cancer in Zhejiang province in 2009 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence and mortality of cancer registered in Zhejiang province in 2009.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The statistics of incidence and mortality of cancer were collected from 6 population-based cancer registries in Zhejiang province, including 30 613 new incidence cases and 16 920 death cases reported in 2009. The 6 cancer registries covered population at 9 560 699 in all. The crude rate, age-standardized rate, cumulative rate (0-74 years old), cut rate (35-64 years old), age-specific rate of incidence/mortality as well as the constitution of top 10 common cancers were then calculated and analyzed. The age-standardized rate was calculated and adjusted by the Chinese standard population in 1982 as well as the Segi's world standard population.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The crude incidence of cancer was 320.20/100 000. Age-standardized incidence by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were separately 161.99/100 000 and 207.92/100 000, the cumulative rate was 23.83% and the cut rate was 346.87/100 000. Meanwhile, the crude mortality rate was 176.97/100 000, and the age-standardized mortality by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 79.17/100 000, 107.02/100 000, respectively; and the cumulative mortality rate was 12.23% and cut rate was 139.75/100 000. Age-specific incidence among 0-34 years old population remained low; however, the incidence among 35-39 age group increased obviously (116.46/100 000, 954 cases). The incidence among 45-49 age group elevated even more sharply (272.97/100 000, 2388 cases) and finally reached the peak among 80-84 age group (1564.36/100 000, 2272 cases). Age-specific mortality arose among 40-44 age group (48.06/100 000, 424 cases) and reached its peak among 80-84 age group (1392.23/100 000, 2022 cases) as well. The most common types of cancer were lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer and lymphoma, which accounted for 74.37% (22 763/30 613) of all new cancer cases.Lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors and breast cancer accounted for 87.75% (14 848/16 920) of all cancer deaths.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence and mortality of cancer both increased in 2009 according to the statistics from cancer registry in Zhejiang province.Lung cancer, malignant tumor in digestive system and breast cancer were still the key challenges in cancer prevention and control. Meanwhile, the increased incidence of thyroid cancer should also be noticed.</p>

The characteristics of drug resistant relevant genes in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis by fast molecular assay / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the characterstics of phenotype and genotype of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) by molecular line probe assay and liquid culture with MGIT960.MethodsGenoType MTBDR Kits were used for identifying the types of the first-line and second-line antituberculosis drug resistant genes partly and BD MGIT960 was used for detecting the chug susceptibility.Results( 1 ) Out of 94 MDR-TB strains,the rate of drug resistant to EMB,AMK,OFX and MFX by BD MGIT960 assay were 36.2%,17.0%,54.3% and 55.3%,respectively.Among these isolates,13 were extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).(2) Compared with MGIT960,the concordance rate of GenoType MTBDRplus was 86.2% and 95.7% respectively.Taking MGIT960 results as reference,the sensitivity of GenoType MTBDRsl detecting the susceptibility of EMB,AMK,OFX and MFX to 94 isolates were 47.1%,81.3%,94.1%,94.2%,respectively.The specificity were 75.0%,98.7%,90.7%,92.9%,respectively.(3) Among the rpoB mutation categories,S531L accounts for most.MTB resistant to IFN caused by the mutation of katG chiefly and the S315T1 was in the majority.The gyrA mutation sites located at the ninety-fourth codon most.Out of 94 strains,23 were mixed with 2 kindsof Mycobacterium tuberculosis at least and 7 were undetectable mutations.Conclusion Among the M/XDR-TB,the strains resistant to INH,RFP,AMK,OFX and MFX were caused most by the mutation of katG,rpoB,rrs and gyrA,respectively.The relationship between EMB and embB was not so clear relatively.As a fast detecting drug susceptibility test kit,GenoType MTBDR possess good sensitivity and specificity.So,it could be as an assistant method to guide the therapy on clinic.

Preparation of mouse anti-recombinant SAG1 antigen monoclonal antibody of Toxoplasma gondii by intrasplenic immunization / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To prepare monoclonal antibody in mice so as to develop an ELISA method for diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection during the initial stage. Methods The mice were immunized by combining routine and intrasplenic immunization with recombinant SGA1 antigen. B lymphocyte hybridization technique was applied to prepare the anti-SAG1 McAbs. Positive clones were screened using ELISA and subcloned to establish cell lines. Ascites was induced to produce the McAbs. Then the McAbs were purified by protein G chromatograph column. The specificity of McAbs was identified by Western blot and sandwich-ELISA. Sensitivity of the McAbs was determined using sandwich-ELISA. Comparasion was carried out between PCR and sandwich-ELISA method. Results Two positive clones were obtained and named as 3B6, 10C4, both could identify the native and recombinant SAG1 antigens. The sensitivity of 3B6, 10C4 was 31.3 ng and 62.5 ng, respectively. There was no cross reaction between the McAbs and positive sera from patients with schistosomiasis, ancylostomiasis or malaria. By using PCR and ELISA, the positive infection rate of T. gondii was 63.2% and 47.4%, respectively. Conclusions Therefore, mouse anti-rSAG1 antigen McAbs have been prepared successfully and primarily applied to early stage diagnosis of T. gondii infection.

Effects of a regional Chinese diet and its vitamin supplementation on proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell lines / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of a local diet popular in Yanting region (YT diet) on the proliferation of two human cell lines (Eca-109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma line and HL7702 normal liver epithelial cell line) in rats by a sero-physiological approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats were divided into six groups and fed respectively with a conventional diet and the YT diet (one of the five experimental diets) supplemented with two vitamin mixtures (Mix. 1: vitamins A, E, and folic acid; Mix.2: mix.1 plus riboflavin and vitamin C) at two different doses. On the 30th day, sera were collected from the rats and added into a medium for cell culture, with 10% FBS used as a serum control. The effects were assessed by MTT assay, DNA synthesis and flow cytometry assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control, the sera from rats fed with the YT diet significantly promoted the proliferation of Eca-109 cells, which was, however, reversed by the supplementation with two vitamin mixtures at high doses. Surprisingly, the same treatment produced contrary effects on HL7702 cells as compared with Eca-109 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The sera from rats fed with the YT diet could promote the proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109, whereas the sera from those fed with the YT diet supplemented with vitamin mixtures might have inhibitory effects on the proliferation of Eca-109 cells.</p>

Study on ameliorating measures for lactose intolerance to milk / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the diet measurements for alleviating symptoms of lactose intolerance when people had had a drink of milk.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight lactose intolerance (LI) subjects suffering from watery diarrhea were selected from 38 subjects by using hydrogen breath test (HBT) joined the test of drinking cow's milk along with various other foods designed by orthogonal trial. The 100 healthy college students were selected to observe symptoms after they ingested 25 g milk powder in different manners.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The breath-hydrogen concentration in groups with ingesting milk and various other foods was lower than those with ingesting milk only. Egg was better than mantou in alleviating symptoms. (F vaule of stool lactose and symptom score were 7.5, 9.0, respectively, P < 0.05). Whole wheat bread might aggravate flatus. The prevalence of the symptom in 100 college students by drinking milk in fasting state (27/98) was significant in comparing with those drinking milk in regular meal (13/98), chi2 = 6. 156, P < 0. 05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study demonstrated that different kinds of food, and different milk drinking manners should affect the intolerance symptoms. We suggested: should not drink milk in fasting state, and drinking milk together with egg and staple food such as steamed bread, bread or gomuti should be the best choice for breakfast. Drinking milk with regular manner might alleviate the symptoms of intolerance. For avoiding lactose intolerance, whole wheat bread should not be taken along with milk.</p>

Risk factors for esophageal cancer: a case-control study in South-western China.

Esophageal cancer is a crucial cancer in China. Yanting in Sichuan Province was a key area with highest esophageal cancer mortality in China, but little evidence on esophageal cancer risk factors has been reported for this area and the etiology remains unclear. To clarify risk factors, a 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. Totals of 185 eligible esophageal cancer patients and 185 healthy residents matched for sex and age were recruited. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for possible risk/protective factors. All ORs were adjusted by family history of esophageal cancer and occupation, and then further adjusted by other possible confounding factors. Our results showed that smoking and alcohol drinking were risk factors for esophageal cancer with dose-response. The ORs (95% CI) compared with never smokers and drinkers were 4.06 (1.55-10.6) and 2.49 (1.06-5.85), respectively. The OR was further increased to 8.86 (95% CI, 3.82-20.5) for both smoking and drinking in combination. Eating food rapidly (OR=5.84, 95% CI, 2.05-16.7), drinking shallow ground water (OR=4.18, 95% CI, 1.30-13.4) and frequent intake of picked vegetables (OR=2.12, 95% CI, 1.00-4.49) appeared to increase the risk, while frequent intake of fresh fruit (OR=0.42, 95% CI, 0.19-0.89), fresh vegetables (OR= 0.62, 95% CI, 0.32-1.17) and eggs (OR=0.59, 95% CI, 0.25-1.39) decreased the risk. In conclusion, smoking and alcohol drinking are common in Yanting and main contributors to esophageal cancer. Consumption of fresh fruit and eggs are not common and high consumption of these two foods as well as fresh vegetables may decrease the risk of esophageal cancer in this area. In addition, drinking shallow ground water and eating food rapidly, as well as frequent intake of pickled vegetables, are also factors increasing the risk.

Clinicopathologic analysis of organizing pneumonia in elderly autopsies / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of organizing pneumonia of the autopsies in elder and to analyze the possible underlying etiologic factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-five cases of organizing pneumonia were found from 635 elderly autopsy reports of the Beijing Hospital since 1980. The morphologic and imaginal features were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The foci of organizing pneumonia in our series were often small, patchy, scattered and adjacent to other lung lesion. There were, however, some variations in cases with different underlying conditions. The conditions associated with organizing pneumonia, as detected in our series, were: (1) 36 cases with suppurative inflammation, lung abscesses and chronic relapsing pneumonia; (2) 17 cases with fungal or viral infection; (3) 16 cases with aspiration pneumonia; (4) 5 cases with radiation pneumonia. We observed that it was not uncommon for organizing pneumonia coexisting with atelectasis and chronic pleuritis. The image of organizing pneumonia was varied.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Organizing pneumonia is a common finding in autopsies of the elder. It occurs in association with many diseases and the basic pathologic changes are similar. All of which represent secondary phenomenon. Possible etiologic factors include infection (due to bacteria, fungi or virus), aspiration and radiation. The possibility of organizing pneumonia should be considered if the shadow of lung is undisappeared in imagin.</p>

Appearances of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma on chest X-ray and CT / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging features of sarcomatoid carcinoma(SC)of lung on chest radiography and CT and to improve knowledge of SC.Methods The chest plain films,CT images and clinical data of all 7 cases of pathologically proved lung SC were retrospectively analyzed.Results All cases presented with a spheroid solid lung mass ranged from 3 to 11 cm in diameter(average 7 cm).All the lesions were located in middle and lower fields of the lung:3 lesions in right lower lobe,2 in right middle lobe,and the other 2 in left lower lobe.Among the 7 cases:6 cases were of peripheral type and 1 case was of central type.The peripheral-typed lesions of 5 cases had clear margin and 3 of them were lobulated.Three massess were homogenous in density,and the other 4 were inhomogeneous in density with formation of central cavity or calcification.After intravenous contrast administration.Three lesions showed homogeneous enhancement,and the other 4 lesions had inhomogeneous enhancement.The lesions with diameter larger than 6 cm showed marginal or patch-like enhancement.Five cases had pleural or chest walls invasion.Two cases had mediastinal lymph nodes metastases.One case had multiple remote metastasis.Conclusion There are some relatively specific features of lung SC on chest radiography and CT,which may be helpful for diagnosis.

CT findings of benign metastasizing leiomyoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To recognize the CT manifestations of benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML).Methods Four cases of BML proved by pathology were retrospectively analysed.Among these, 2 cases were pulmonary BML,1 ease was leiomyomatosis peritonealis diseminata(LPD),and 1 case was combined with pulmonary BML and LPD.All of them were female,and had a history of hysterectomy,the average age were 45.The CT findings of them were analyzed.Results The CT of pulmonary BML in three cases showed multiple rounded,well-defined discrete nodules,0.2—2.0cm in diameter,random distribution,and no calcification in the nodules.No hilum or mediastinum lymphadenopathy,and no pleural effusion.There were no enhancement after intravenous contrast examination.The CT findings of LPD in two cases were many masses around the vena cava,abdominal aorta and/or iliac artery.The masses were 4— 5cm in diameter with smooth margin and homogeneous density.No lymph node or ascites were found.One case who got intravenous contrast enhanced CT scan showed significant enhancement of the lesions;another case who got PET CT study showed no significant tracer concentration.Conclusion When multiple metastasizing nodular lesions with sharp margin and homogeneous density were found in the lungs or abdomen,they should be considered the possibility of BML in women with hysterectomy history.