Incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in Malaysia / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: This is the first study that estimates the incidence and mortality rate for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in Malaysia by sex and ethnicity. METHODS: The 4,501 patients were selected from National Cancer Patient Registry-Colorectal Cancer data. Patient survival status was cross-checked with the National Registration Department. The age-standardised rate (ASR) was calculated as the proportion of CRC cases (incidence) and deaths (mortality) from 2008 to 2013, weighted by the age structure of the population, as determined by the Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Health Organization world standard population distribution. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate for CRC was 21.32 cases per 100,000. Those of Chinese ethnicity had the highest CRC incidence (27.35), followed by the Malay (18.95), and Indian (17.55) ethnicities. The ASR incidence rate of CRC was 1.33 times higher among males than females (24.16 and 18.14 per 100,000, respectively). The 2011 (44.7%) CRC deaths were recorded. The overall ASR of mortality was 9.79 cases, with 11.85 among the Chinese, followed by 9.56 among the Malays and 7.08 among the Indians. The ASR of mortality was 1.42 times higher among males (11.46) than females (8.05). CONCLUSIONS: CRC incidence and mortality is higher in males than females. Individuals of Chinese ethnicity have the highest incidence of CRC, followed by the Malay and Indian ethnicities. The same trends were observed for the age-standardised mortality rate.

Intestinal obstruction: predictor of poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma? / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between intestinal obstruction and the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: Data pertaining to 4,501 colorectal carcinoma patients were extracted from the national colorectal registry and analysed. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare the survival rate between patients with intestinal obstruction and those without intestinal obstruction. The p-values<0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Simple Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the crude hazard ratio of mortality from colorectal cancer. RESULTS: Intestinal obstruction was reported in more than 13% of patients. The 3-year survival rate after treatment was 48.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.9 to 52.8) for patients with intestinal obstruction (n=593) and 54.9% (95% CI, 53.1 to 56.6) for patients without intestinal obstruction (n=3,908). The 5-year survival rate for patients with intestinal obstruction was 37.3% (95% CI, 31.9 to 42.8), which was lower than that of patients without intestinal obstruction (45.6%; 95% CI, 43.5 to 47.7). After adjusting the hazard ratio for other prognostic variables, intestinal obstruction had a statistically significant negative correlation with the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.22 (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of intestinal obstruction is associated with a lower survival rate among colorectal cancer patients.

Effect of rocuronium compared with succinylcholine on intraocular pressure during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia

In this work, the effect of rocuronium and succinylcholine on IOP during rapid sequence induction of anesthesia using propofol and fentanyl were studied in 40 ASA grade I adult patients of both sexes who required tracheal intubation as a part of the anesthetic technique for elective non-ophthalmic surgery. The patients were divided into two groups, each of 20 patients. Anesthesia was induced by fentanyl mug/kg and a sleep dose of propofol until loss of verbal response. It was found that IOP in the succinylcholine group was significantly greater than that in the rocuronium group. Intubating conditions were equally good in both groups. The results confirmed that with a rapid sequence induction of anesthesia using propofol and fentanyl, rocuronium did not cause an increase in IOP and provided excellent to good intubating conditions in a dose of 0.9 mg/kg at 60 s after administration

Laryngeal mask versus endotracheal intubation in paediatric anaesthesia

This study was carried out to assess the insertion of the LMA and to compare its use with the side effects associated with insertion of the ETT in 60 children scheduled for different surgical procedures. They were divided into two groups, the LMA group and the ETT group, each included 30 patients of both sexes. In 27 children, the LMA provided good airway and in two children, more than one attempt was needed. The LMA was tolerated at a lighter level of anesthesia than ETT with less sore throat in LMA. It was concluded that LMA was an effective, safe device for maintaining a clear airway during pediatric anesthesia. The advantages of LMA over ETT included the avoidances of risk of endobronchial or esophageal intubation and it caused less trauma, sore throat and laryngospasm than ETT