Genotyping of hydatid cyst isolated from human and domestic animals in ilam province, western Iran Using PCR-RFLP

Hydatidosis or cystic hydatid disease is one of the most important diseases in human and animals. Identification of strains is important for improvement of control and prevention of disease. The aim of this study was to determine the strains isolated from human and domestic animals in Ilam Province, Iran, using PCR-RFLP method. Respectively, 30 and 4 animal and human hydatid cysts were collected from different slaughterhouses and hospitals of the province. Protoscolices were separated and their DNA genome was extracted by extraction kit. rDNA-ITS1 of each isolated samples was duplicated by BD1 [Forward] and 4s [Reverse] Primers. PCR products were studied by electrophoresis and then were digested using TaqI, HpaII, Rsal and Alul restriction enzymes. RFLP products were studied using electrophoresis on 1% agar gel. A fragment of l000bp was produced from amplification of rDNA-ITS1 of protoscolices using PCR method. After digestion of PCR product by Alul enzyme, 200bp and 800bp, by Rsal, 655bp and 345bp and by HpaII 700bp and 300bp sizes were obtained. TaqI enzyme had no change in fragment size and it remained l000bp. Considering the method. Ham strains was specified as E. granulosus sensu stricto [G1-G3]. Although sheep strain [G1] is dominated in human and different animal in Iran and the world, but more efforts should be done to clarify the true genotype of Ilam strains specified as E. granulosus sensu stricto [G1-G3]

Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis in Meshkinshahr district, Arbadil province, Iran

The aim of this study was to conduct a sero-epidemiological survey in Meshkinshahr, Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran to detect the rate of hydatidosis in the city and nearby villages. Literature shows that no such study has been conducted so far. Overall, 670 serum samples were collected from 194 males and 476 females from patients referred to different health centers of the region. All patients filled out a questionnaire and an informed consent. Sera were analyzed using indirect-ELISA test. Ten micro g/ml antigens [Antigen B derived from hydatid cyst fluid], serum dilutions of 1:500 and conjugate anti-human cocombs with 1:100000 dilutions were utilized to perform the test. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software ver. 11.5. The seroprevalence of human hydatidosis was 1.79% by ELISA test in the region. This rate for females was 1.68% and males 2.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference as regards all factors studied and the seropositivity. According to job, farmers and ranchmen had the highest rate of infection as 3.17%. The sero-prevalence of infection was 2.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference as regards all factors studied and the seropositivity. According to job, farmers and ranchmen had the highest rate of infection as 3.17%. The sero-prevalence of infection was 2.6% in illiterate people which showed the highest rate. As regards residency, urban life showed no significant difference with rural life [1.1% vs. 2.58%]. Age group of 69-90 yr old, with 4.62 as prevalence had the highest rate of positivity. Obtained sero-prevalence of hydatidosis shows more or less a resemblance to other cities of Iran, although due to the specific condition of the city we expected more rate of sero-positivity

[Fundamentals and methodology of knowledge management in millennium organizations]

Today knowledge is progressively a critical resource for organizations that can perform competitive advantage. In this concept knowledge is a systematic complex from data that consists from laws, processes, activities and experiments. Knowledge management is performing a stable base for subjective and objective documents of organization that is most important secret of survival in variable environment. Knowledge management is analyze of organization processes that perform synergy between data process, information capacity and employee innovation. The aim of this article is fundamentals review of knowledge management and then describe ten principles of it. It also review it's methodology in organization and subsystems of it. These subsystems are scientific approach, knowledge of information, social science and system sciences

Serological evaluation of EgAgB16 kDa, a recombinant antigen from echinococcus granulosus for diagnosis of human hydatidosis

Regarding that accurate diagnosis of human hydatidosis still needs more investigations, the present study was conducted to clone, express, and evaluate the gene encoding AgB subunits [EgAgB16 kDa] from Echinococcus granulosus [Iranian G1 strain] and its evaluation by ELISA test. DNA was extracted from protoscoleces and was utilized by PCR for strain identification. Total RNA was prepared with RNeasy protect mini kit from E. granulosus [Iranian G1 strain] protoscoleces collected from naturally infected sheep with hydatid cyst. Recombinant AgB16 kDa was produced using pETDuet as vector and evaluated by ELISA method. A panel of sera including hydatid cyst-infected individuals [n=72], healthy individual [n=48], toxoplasmosis [n=4], strongyloidosis [n=4], kala-azar [n=5] and tuberculosis [n=5] were examined using this recombinant antigen. Recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography using His-Tag column. After purification, recombinant protein was confirmed by western blot analysis using His Tag monoclonal anti body or hydatid positive human serum. The sensitivity, specificity; positive and negative predictive values were calculated as 93.5%, 95.6%, 96% and 92.9%, in that order. The cut-off point was detected 0.3 for rAgB16. While the produced recombinant AgB16 kDa showed promising results in diagnosing human hydatidosis, but more investigations should be implemented to reach an accurate gold standard

Neural tube defects prevalence in a hospital-based study in Urmia

Neural tube defects including anencephaly, encephalocele, and spina bifida are major congenital malformations with multifactorial etiology, and with a great variation in their prevalence in different populations. The study on the prevalence of these malformations may be helpful in planning strategies for their prevention. The aim of this epidemiologic descriptive study was to determine the prevalence of neural tube defects and to describe their birth characteristics in Motahhari hospital, Urmia, West Azerbaijan. A cross-section observational study was carried on the hospital-based charts of consecutive 13997 live-births and 124 stillbirths during the period January 2001 through June 2005. The defects categorized based on the domains of anencephaiy, spina bifida, and encephalocele according to standard definitions. During this period, 117 cases were detected with neural tube defects, giving an overall prevalence of 8.29/1000. Of 117 cases, 81 [69.23%] cases were seen among stillbirths and 36 [30.77%] cases among live-births, that is, the prevalence of neural tube defects for stillbirths and live-births were 653.2/1000 and 2.57/1000 respectively. The yearly prevalence varies between 6.99/1000 and 9.82/1000 over the 4.5-year period. The major lesion was anencephaly with prevalence of 5.52/1000 [66.67% of all neural tube defects]. Approximately, two-thirds [66.09%] of cases were found in females. Weights of 73.36% of anencephalic cases were less than 1000 grams. In this study, the prevalence of neural tube defects is among the highest reported rates. There was a significance difference in the prevalence of anencephaly, as the most prevalent NTD, between live-births and stillbirths. These findings may necessitate an intensive approach to periconceptional folic acid supplementation as a possible strategy to reduce the prevalence of these defects

[Prevalence of alloimmunization against RBC antigens in thalassemia major patients of Lorestan province in 1383]

Thalassemia major patients should continuously receive blood to survive. Permanent blood injection will expose patients' immune system to a broad spectrum of new antigens located on the surface of injected RBCs. Continuous exposure to foreign antigens may provoke antibody production against them in the patients who lack those Ags. This phenomenon is termed alloimmunization and can cause problems for preparation of compatible blood for transfusion. 65 patients were studied in this research. At first, questionnaires eliciting information about age, race, date of blood injection, splenectomy, presence of any underlying diseases, and any certain drugs[in patients' records] were filled out by all patients. For alloantibody screening, patients' serum samples were tested by the panels prepared in IBTO. Phenotypes of RBCs for Ags of ABH and Rh[D, C, E, c, e] were also determined by relevant antisera. Out of 65 patients, only one case [1.53%] had been allommunized. The age range of males and females were 13 +/- 6 and 13 +/- 5 respectively. All of the patients were of Lurish race. The first blood transfusion in all of them occurred at the age below 3. Seventeen subjects were splenectomized. The reasons for low prevalence of alloimmunization against RBCs in thalassemia major patients may pertain to similarity of patients and donors by descent, blood transfusion before the age 3, and splenectomy in a few patients. Identification of alloantibodies by using the panel cells was the best method to provide patients with antigen negative and compatible blood for transfusion